高三英语039.doc

东北师范大学附属中学网校（版权所有 不得复制）
期数： 0511 YYG3 039
学科：英语 年级：高三 编稿老师：徐 卓
审稿老师：孔 军
___________

训 练 篇
[同步教学信息]

Unit 10 American Literature

I. NMET Link
1.（NMET 1999）When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _____ “Sorry to miss you, I will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
解析：空格是为“内容是，读起来“，作名词message的修饰语，主动含义。因此read的-ing形式为最佳答案。

2. (NMET 1999) _____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D.Watch
解析：句意为：“注意看着他，然后照他做的去做。”watch注视；mind介意；glance at 匆匆一看；stare at 凝视，盯着看。

II. 时态复习

英语各种时态构成表

一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
完成进行时态
现在
play
plays
is
am playing
are
has
played
have
has
been playing
have
过去

played
was
playing
were

had played

had been playing
将来
shall
play
will
shall
be playing
will
shall
have
played
will
shall
have been
playing
will
过去将来
should
play
would
should
be
playing
would
should
have
played
would
should
have been playing
would

1．一般现在时的用法
1）习惯的，永久性的或反复发生的动作。（常同often, sometimes, usually, always, twice a month, every week, on Sundays, occasionally等状语连用）
I often visit my parents on weekends.
She always takes a walk in the evening.
2）普遍真理，事实，也用在格言中。
Birds files.
The earth moves round the sun.
Water boils at 100°C.
Pride goes before a fall.
Time and tide wait for no man.
3）表示将来时间
一般现在时可用于指将来时间，表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，或者事先安排好的动作。
The plane takes off at 10 o’clock.
---When does he leave for the city?
--- He leaves next week.
The meeting begins at 2:00 in the afternoon.
Tomorrow is Sunday.
4）新闻标题，小说章节标题或小说，电影，戏剧情节介绍和幻灯，图片的说明。
U.S. President holds talks with British Prime Minister.
American Ambassador Leaves Beijing.
At rise, the stage is dark. It is two thirty in the morning. (舞台说明)
5）强硬语气，严厉警告或指点道路。
You mind your own business!
If he does that again, he goes to prison.
You take the first turning ahead, then cross a bridge and you will see the city library.
6）在由when, as, after, before, as soon as, the minute, the next time, whatever, if, although, whether等引导的时间，条件，比较, 让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
You will surely succeed if you try your best.
I shall have a good time whether I win or lose.
Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.
Note: 表示原因，结果，程度，目的等的状语从句，一般不可用一般现在时代替一般将来时。比较：
She is so badly injured that she probably dies.（误）
She is so badly injured that she will probably die.（正）

2．一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。（常同yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等状语连用）
The foreign guests visited Nanjing last spring.
He didn’t go to school yesterday.
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性的或习惯性的动作。
When she was there, she often went to the supermarket.
3）非真实的动作或状态（属虚拟语气范畴）。
句型：
　 It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了”、“早该……了”
　 It is time you went to bed.　　　你早该睡觉了。
(=It is time for you to g to bed. )
　 would rather sb. did sth.　表示“宁愿某人做某事”
　 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
　I thought you might want some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较：
　一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Her father was a doctor.（生前，已去世）
Her father is a doctor.（尚健在）
How did you like the dancing?（舞蹈已看完）
How do you like the dancing?（仍在看的过程中）
It was so nice to see you. （见面后离别时）
It is so nice to see you. （刚见面时）

3．一般将来时的用法
1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He will graduate from the college next year.
2）可以表示将来时的其他结构及其用法：
　A. be going to ＋动词原形
这种结构表示“决定，打算要做什么事，或有迹象表明即将发生，可能会出现什么情况”。
I am going to buy a new coat this winter.
There is going to be a storm.
　B. be ＋不定式
这种结构表示计划，安排或用来征求意见。
The highway is to be opened in May.
Am I to take over his work？
C. be about ＋不定式
这种结构表示即将发生的动作，句中不可以用表示未来时间的状语。
The talk is about to begin. (正)
The talk is about to begin soon. (误)
D. 现在进行时
某些动词的现在进行时可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。如：play, join, work, return, take, move, have, do, stay, leave, speak, start, come, sleep, wear等。
We are having a meeting this morning.
The manager is leaving tomorrow.
E. 一般现在时
某些动词的一般现在时可以表示将来时间，指根据时间表规定预计要发生的动作。
如：come, go, begin, leave, sail, arrive, return, start, stop, open, end, stay等。
　The term starts on 18th February.
When does the show begin？

4．现在进行时的用法
1）表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事。
It is snowing outside.
She is learning English at college.
I’m taking the medicine three times a day.
2）表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作，或即将开始或结束的动作。
如：go, leave, come arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, have, pay, join, spend, sleep, take等。
He is meeting the manager tomorrow.
When are you starting?
I’m changing my hotel.
3）动作动词与always等连用，表示重复的动作，这种动作可能使人厌倦或觉得不合情理。
Jim is always coming late for class.
She is always reading novels.
4）有些表示感觉，感情，情绪，精神活动，拥有关系的动词，一般不用于进行时态，常见的这类动词有：understand, wonder, have, care, fear, hate, love, mind, know, want, hope, agree, believe, forget, realize, recognize, think, respect, forgive, hold, belong, lie, prefer。
I am agreeing with you. (误，改为agree)
I am knowing he is wrong.（误，改为know）
但是 上述某些词有时也可以用于进行时态，但词义已发生改变。例如：
Do you see the rainbow?（看见）
They are now seeing the city.（旅游观光）
She doesn’t mind it. (她不介意这件事。)
She is minding the baby. (她在照看婴儿。)
He holds half share in the firm. （他拥有该公司的一半股份。）
He is holding a book in his hand. （他手里拿着一本书。）
5）be的进行时
系动词be的进行时加动态形容词表示暂时出现的某种情状或品质，这种结构为一种修辞手法，起强调作用，多含讽刺，厌烦，不满之意。
You are being foolish. 你在办蠢事。
The child is being naughty. 这孩子又淘气了。
You are not being polite. 你这可不大客气呀。
He is being friendly today. 他今天很友好。
6）描写一种状态，具有某种感情色彩。
I’m aching all over.
We are losing our friends.
This is killing me.
7）现在进行时有时可以表示否定意义。
You are wasting time! 别浪费时间了！（不耐烦）
You are telling me! 不用你说！（我早知道了）

5. 现在完成时
1) 到现在为止的这一时期发生的情况（可能是多次动作的总和，也可以表示状态和习惯性的动作）
We have opened up 200 mu of land this year. 今年我们开垦了二百亩土地。（多次动作的总和）
How many pages have you covered today? 你今天看了多少页？
Grain output has greatly increased in the past few years. 这几年粮食产量有很大增长。
I haven’t seen him for many days. 好些天没见到他了。
She has done a lot of work for them. 她为他们做了许多工作。
How many new products have you turned out? 你们出了多少新产品？
She has been ill for three days. 她病了三天了。（状态）
I’ve always walked to work. 我一直步行上班。（习惯性动作）

2) 对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作
The delegation has already left. 代表团已经走了。（说明现在不在这里了。）
I have seen the film many times. 这电影我看过好多次了。（因此对内容很熟悉。）
You’ve grown much taller. 你长得高多了。
The city has taken on a new look. 这座城市有了新面貌。
Thank you. I’ve had supper. 谢谢你，我已吃过饭了。
Look what you’ve done. 瞧你干的事。
3）．这个时态的基本特点是它和现在有密切的联系：或是讲迄今为止这一段时间的情况，或是讲一个影响现状的动作，这样它不是从时间上就是从后果上和现在联系了起来。根据这个特点我们可以判断什么时候用一般过去时，什么时候用现在完成时：
a. 当有一个表示过去某时的状语（包括when）时，不能用现在完成时，而多用一般过去时：
I saw her a minute ago. 我前一会儿还见到她的。
Just now Xiao Lin came to see you. 刚才小林来找你。
When did you get to know it? 你什么时候知道的？

b. 当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时，多用现在完成时：
Up till now we have planted over 24,000 fruit trees. 到目前为止我们共种了二万四千多棵果树。
We haven’t had any physical training classes this week. 这星期我们还没有上过体育课。
So far we have only discussed the first five chapters. 到现在为止我们只讨论了前五章。
I haven’t seen much of him recently (these days). 近来（这些天）我没见到他。
He has learned a good deal since he came here. 他到这儿以来学到了不少东西。
We haven’t had much rain this summer. 今年夏天没下多少雨。（说话时仍是夏天，否则应用一般过去时。）
We’ve had two classes this morning. 今天早上我们上了两堂课。（说话时仍是夏天，否则应用一般过去时。）

c. 在用already, yet, just, ever, never这类副词作状语时，常用现在完成时：
This is the second game. They’ve already won a game. 这是第二场，他们已经赢了一场。
Have you got the plan ready yet? ---No, not yet. 计划做好了吗？－还没做好。
I’ve just received a money order. 我刚收到一张汇款单。
We haven’t reached an agreement yet. 我们还没有达成协议。
Have you ever seen each other before? 你们过去见过面吗？
I’ve never heard of anything like that. 我从来没听说过这样的事。

不过never, ever也可和一般过去时一道用。

【注】有since引起的状语时，主句谓语通常要用现在完成时：
We met in 1972, and have been good friends ever since (then). 我们时1972年见面的，从此之后我们就是好朋友。
It has rained a great deal since you left. 你走之后下了好些雨。
We haven’t seen each other again since then (since we parted in 1959). 从那时（五九年分手）以来我们就没见过面。

6. 过去进行时
1). 表示过去某个时刻（候）正在进行的动作：
What were you doing (at nine) last night? 你昨天晚上（九点钟）在干什么？
At that time she was working in a laboratory. 那时她在一家实验室工作。
In those years we were having a hard time. 在那些岁月里我们处境很困难。
We were picking cotton when they arrived. 他们到达时我们正在摘棉花。
2). 过去进行时和一般过去时的差别:前者表示正在进行的动作，后者表示一个完成的动作：
I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我看在看小说。（可能没看完。）
I read a novel last night. 昨晚我看了一本小说。（已经看完了。）

We were building a dam last winter. 去冬我们在建一座水坝。（可能没建成）We built a dam last winter. 去冬我们修建了一座水坝。（已经建成了）

I was quickly getting used to that kind of life. 我正在迅速变得习惯于这种生活。（还在适应过程中）
I quickly got used to that kind of life. 我很快习惯了这种生活。（已经适应）

3). 在强调动作延续较长时间时，用过去进行时稍好一点。此外，和现在进行时一样，过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时，表示赞美、厌烦等情绪：
All the time he was thinking of his work. 他总是在想他的工作。
She was always working like that. 她总是那样地工作。
He was forever complaining about something. 他老是怨这怨那。

7. 过去完成时
1). 过去完成时由had加过去分词构成，主要表示过去某时前业已发生的动作或情况
By the end of June they had treated 30,000 patients. 到六月底为止他们已经治疗了三万个病人。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开演了。
Up till then we had only covered half the distance. 到那时我们才走了一半路程。
Before daybreak they had already wiped out all the enemy troops. 在拂晓之前他们已经将敌人全部歼灭。
With their help I realized that I had been wrong. 在他们的帮助下我明白我错了。
2). 在包含when, as soon as, before, after, until, now, that等连词的复合句中，如果主要谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是在不同时间发生的，那么先发生的动作通常需用过去完成时表示：

When I woke up it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已经停了。（可能刚停，也可能停了很长时间了）
We started the attack when we had got the enemy encircled. 在把敌人包围之后我们就开始了攻击。
I hadn’t had any English before I came here. 我来这里之前没学过英语。
但如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中：
After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village. 在和朋友们告别后我们就离开了村子。
Just before I left Guangzhou, I sent them a telegram. 在离开广州前我给他们打了一个电报。

8. 一般过去将来时
1). 主要表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情：
He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy. 他六十八岁，再过两年就七十了。
I said I would raise the question at the meeting. 我说我要在会上提出这个问题。
He didn’t expect that we should (would) all be there. 他没想到我们都在那里。
船。
2). 一般过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作（不管什么人称，都用would）:
Whenever he had time, he would help them in their work.他一有时间就帮他们干活。
Every evening he would go and talk with the workers.每天晚上他都和工人谈天。

9. 现在完成进行时
1．主要表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，这个动作可能仍然在进行。
How long has it been raining? 雨下多久了？
Where have you been? What have you been doing? 你到哪儿去了？干什么去了？
We’ve just been talking about you.我们正谈你来着。

Exercises:
1. The last time I _____ Jane, she ______ cotton in the fields. (NMET92, 32)
A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked
C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking
2. My dictionary ______. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______ it. (NMET93, 28)
A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found
3. ---How long _____ each other before they ______ married?
---For about a year. (NMET93, 24)
A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
4. ---Can I join the club, Dad?
---You can when you ______ a bit older. (NMET94, 15)
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
5. ---I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I _____ here only a few minutes. (NMET94, 19)
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
6. ---Do you like the material?
---Yes, it _____ very soft. (NMET94, 27)
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
7. I don’t really work here; I _____ until the new secretary arrives.
(NMET94, 29)
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
8. I need one more stamp before my collection _____. (NMET94, 38)
A. has completed B. completes
C. has been completed D. is completed
9. ---_____ the sports meet might be put off.
---Yes, it all depends on the weather. (NMET95, 16)
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told
10. ---Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.
---It’s 9568442. (NMET95, 12)
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t

Keys:
1. D 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. A