高考英语阅读理解解题技巧(高分秘诀)省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,高中英语专题复习,英语阅读了解技巧,第1页,（1）了解文章基本结构和主旨要义；,（2）了解文中详细信息；,（3）依据上下文推断生词词义；,（4）作出简单判断和推理；,（5）了解作者意图和态度。,归纳概括题,事实细节题,猜测词义题,推理判断题,要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于普通性话题简短文章。考生应能：,考试纲领对阅读要求,作者意图题,第2页,近年高考阅读了解发展趋势,篇长增加，难度加大,设问巧妙，要求提升,熟词陌义，生词屡见,第3页,高考英语考试中阅读了解文章普通有这么几个文体，即,记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用文和叙述文,。不一样文体有不一样,段落组织方式,和,脉络层次,。,记叙文,往往按时间次序展开段落，文章有显著表示时间先后词语。阅读时抓住时间这条根本，搞清,who,、,what,、,where,、,why,与,how,。,体裁分析能力,第4页,描写文,经过细节描写以画面方式来反应事物特征、性质。对这种文章要快速搞清其主题，主题词往往出现在各个句子里，贯通文章始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之相关信息，并确定信息与主题关系。,体裁分析能力,第5页,说明文,多见于科普文章，用以解释或揭示事物状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间关系，这类文体文章，首句往往是主题句，开门见山，说明文章关注对象：搞清作者思绪和段落组织方式；把握次要信息及其与主题关系。,体裁分析能力,第6页,叙述文,阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者个人观点、态度。阅读叙述文应该从文体,写作和结构特点,入手,.,文章结构往往轻易把握，用,主题句,开门见山。作者往往经过,信号词,和,关联词,来组织段落、文章,.,对信号词快速反应和对关联词准确判断是至关主要；要尤其注意,区分作者观点与文章里所提到人物观点,，同时注意作者所使用,表示赞同、反对等感情色彩词汇,。,体裁分析能力,第7页,细节了解题,有些问题能够在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在,了解基础上,将相关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做这类题方法普通是先用,寻读法,找出,与问题相关,词语或句子，,再,对相关部分进行,细读,，找出正确答案。,第8页,1,、是非题出题形式：,a.,三正一误：,Which of the following is true except?Which of the following is mentioned except,b.,三误一正：,Which of the following is true?,这种做题方法主要与三正一误以下问法相联络：,Which of the following mentioned except Which of the following is not mentioned?,这种问题正确选项所包含信息通常连续出现在同一段，而且往往无列举标志词，如,first,，,second,，,third,等。做题时只需阅读相关段落，依据一个选项中关键词在其前后找其它两个正确先项，剩下一个原文中未提到，为正确答案。,分析题干能力,第9页,2,、例证题,例子为高考阅读了解常见考点之一，这类题基本结构为,:,The author provides in line(,或,Paragraph)an example in order to,意思是问文中举出某现象或例子目标。,文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定道理。不论怎样，这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性话，这句话就是答案，即举例目标。,假如例子与全文主题相关，则例证主题，答案为主题句。假如例子与段落主题相关，就例证段落主题，则答案为段落主题句；另外，答案为例子前后总结说明性话。,分析题干能力,第10页,3,、年代与数字,:,这个考点有几个出题方式，但不论以何种形式出现，只要题干问年代与数字，答案就对应于文章中年代与数字。,4,、比较,:,比较考点表现形式主要有：,a.,比较级与含有比较意义词汇伎俩和句型结构；,b.,表示绝对意义字眼：,first(,第一,),，,least(,最不,),，,most(,最,),等；,c.,表示惟一性词汇：,only,unique,等；,阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义词汇，便于做题时回原文定位。,分析题干能力,第11页,5,、原因：,这种题答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系词汇伎俩提醒：,result,reason;,result in(,结果,),，,result from(,因为，,baseon(,以,为基础,),，,be due to(,因为,),；,because,for,why;,as a result,consequently,等。,阅读时对这些提醒词应该给予注意。原文相关句出现格式都是先说原因，后说结果，而在题干中通常给出结果，就其原因提问。,分析题干能力,第12页,Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonight”,，,Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991,，,appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.,Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old,，,Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However,，,it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.,Q,：,Which of the following is NOT true?,A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.,B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.,C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.,D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,解析：,A,、,C,和,D,都可在原文找到答案，而,B,项原文列是：,taken,to Hong Kong,可判断不是,moved,to Hong Kong with her parents,，所以选,B,。,第13页,主旨大意题,第14页,在解主题大意时，以下方法可供参考。,1.,认真阅读文章第一段或每段第一个句子。,2.,文章主题作者往往有意识地重复叙述。,抓住重复出现中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。,3.,文章或段落主题句经常会出现在一些标志性提醒后。,比如：,On the whole,in short,therefore,I agree with the opinion that,Given all these points above,I would support the idea that,For all the reasons mentioned above,I would prefer,掌握了找主题句方法，就能够依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题轻易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。,1,以偏概全。即只抓住了主题一个侧面就误认为是主题。,2,过于笼统。即归纳主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。,3,把观点强加给作者。读者往往依据自己常识对文章进行判断而忽略了作者看法。,分析题干能力,第15页,怎样寻找主题句,Sample 1,People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.,（,1,）主题句在段首,一个主题句经常是一个段落开头，其后句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文件和新闻报道中多采取这种格式。,第16页,Sample 2,Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,（,2,）主题句也会出现在段尾。,作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最终自然得出结论,即段落主题。本段中心思想在结尾句得到表达,它是此段内容结论。,第17页,Sample 3,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.,A,camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,（,3）在短文中间,当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中主题由随之陈说细节或合乎逻辑引申在文中导出,而后又作深入解释,支撑或发展.,return,第18页,分析推断题,1.,解推断题应注意：,(1),不能以自己观点代替作者观点；,(2),推理依据来自于上下文。,2.,解推断题方法：,解推断题最主要方法是依据词义关系推断详细细节。,第19页,确定作者态度，能够有两种思绪：,1,、问全文主体事物,(,包含主题,),，能够依据阐述主题或相关主体事物相关句中形容词、副词或动词确定作者态度；,2,、假如问是对某一详细事物态度，则能够定位到详细相关句，然后确定答案。,分析题干能力,第20页,Example 1,One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant,，“,I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches(,蟑螂,)and two spiders.”,“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.,“Well,，”,replied the man,，“,Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”,Q,：,The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house,it,was _.,A.very clean B.just cleaned by the landlord,C.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full of insects,解析：他要搬出所租房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行,“,恢复,”,，所以推出答案为,D,。,第21页,Example 2,Some people are never right.They never have good luck.They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing.And even if what they say or do is OK,，,they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time.So these people always have problems.They often break dishes.They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.,Mr.Neff is different.He is always right.He is never wrong.He usually has good luck.He seldom has problems.He never breaks dishes.He never misses buses or airplanes.Even if he does miss them,，,it is always the fault of the buses or air planes.Mr.Neff knows almost everything.He doesnt ask questions,；,he answers questions.He never says,，“,I dont know.”,Q,：,Which of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr.Neff?,A.He finds Mr.Neff hard to understand.,B.He thinks Mr.Neff wonderful.,C.He feels pity for Mr.Neff.,D.He does not like Mr.Neff.,解析：从作者语气中我们能够体会他态度，尤其是,Even if he does miss them,，,it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes.,误了车或飞机本该是人失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？显著是讥讽，也是暗示他对,Mr.Neff,讨厌之情。答案为,D,。,第22页,Watch the screen and do some translating,1)the,present,leader,2)the leader,present,3)the,immediate,cause,4)in the,immediate,future,5)She is my,immediate,neighbor.,6)I criticize you for your,interest,.,7)This is the,last,place where I expected to meet you.,8)How could they begin to,picture,modern life?,猜词能力,第23页,（一）依据常识、经验猜生词,比如：,The old man put on his,spectacles,and began to read,The door was so low that I hit the head on the,lintel,猜词能力,第24页,（二）依据上下文解释做出判断：,其方法主要有：,1,依据文中定义、解释猜生词,。,比如：,Anthropology,is the scientific study of man.,2,利用事例或解释猜生词,。,比如：,Many United Nations employees are,polyglots,;Mr.Smith,for example,speaks five languages fluently.,3,利用重复解释信息猜生词,。,比如：,Mr.Smith always arrives home,punctually,，,neither early nor late,猜词能力,第25页,Defined most broadly,folklore,includes,all the customs,belief and tradition that,people have handed down from generation,to generation.,The old woman has a strange habit to,keep over 100 cats in her house.Her,neighbors all called her an,eccentric,lady,.,Unlike his sister,who is a warm,interested person,John is,apathetic,to everyone and everything.,第26页,Mr.Smith loves to talk,and his wife,is similarly,loquacious,.,In the past the world seemed to run in,an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in,a state of turmoil,.,The,herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.,第27页,He says hes very busy,but its all,eyewash,;he never does any work at all.,Metal,contracts,as it becomes cool.,She,piloted,the old man,through,the,crowd to his seat.,The cinema has been,superseded,by,television as the most popular form of,entertainment.,第28页,（三）依据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断,英语中，有很多词能够在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而组成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定构词法知识，就不难猜出它词义。,T,he steam has,clouded,the windows up.,Down-to-earth,spirit is a necessity.Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student,down-to-earth,.,猜词能力,第29页,反问法；,绝对词否决法,;,答案项中有绝对语气词普通不是正确答案项。这些语气词有,:must,always,never,the most,all,only,have to,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly,等,。,怀疑词判断法：,选项中含有不十分必定语气词普通是正确答案项。这些语气词有,can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(,大多数,),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily,等。,关键词对应法,选项中照抄原文普通不是答案项，而同义替换普通是选项。,猜答案能力,第30页,锅盖法：,较全方面、有针对性地表示文章中心思想，选项普通是答案项。,A.to be,more successful,in his career,B.to solve technical problems,C.to be more specialized in his field,D.to develop his professional skill,B“,处理技术问题”；,C“,深化专业”；,D“,发展职业技能”。这三项表示意思都比较详细，而,A,项则概括地有深度，包含了,B,、,C,、,D,三项内容。选项中表示意义较详细、浅薄（字面意思）普通不是答案项，而概括性、抽象、含义深刻是答案项。,猜答案能力,第31页,Thank you,第32页,