课后翻译及写作参考答案.doc

1.F. Translate the following into EnglishRock music began in America in the late 1950 s. It was not only a new musical form, but a debating forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life. In this forum, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights, war arid peace, the disaffection of their society, and a range of emotions between love and hate. All in all, in this forum, the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society. The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley, singer and poet Bob Dylan, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and so on. They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped.G. Write a short passageI agree that rock is the music of the teenage rebellion.First, rock music turns out to be a great attraction mainly to the teenagers rather than to the adults. The super rock star, Elvis Presley was praised and applauded by the younger generation, while he was criticized by editorials, banned by TV networks and refused by the older generation.Second, the rock music was adored and even worshiped mainly by the teenagers rather than by adults. Alice Coopers ending of his act by pretending to end his life with a guillotine was considered marvelous by a young girl dressed in black. Fourteen-year-old Mike Perlie went to attend the rock concert, while his parents didnt, who thought Alice Cooper was sick and find it hard to bear his singing.According to one national opinion poll conducted in 1972, more than 10% of high school boys and 20% of the girls regarded a super rock Star as their hero.2.F. The American young people in the 1960s belonged to a rebellious generation. They saw that America, the affluent society was full of poverty, inequality and hypocrisy. They didnt believe in this adult world which did not belong to them, and refused to follow its beliefs and values. Many young people took active part in the wars against poverty, against racial discrimination and against Vietnam War. Some young people even attempted to overthrow the establishment by force. While many other young people expressed their disaffection in a passive way, and they. used drugs, lived a parasitic life without taking any responsibility in society, or escaped to the unspoiled country to live a rather primitive communal life.G. The fourth choice for young people to make is to try to change the world gradually, one clod at a time.I agree with the author that this alternative lacks attraction at first glance. It promises no quick results and has to rely on the annoying and uncertain persuasion from agents and democratic decision making. It requires patience, which people are always short of. But in a particular time and place it does work. It is more likely to overcome some of the social problems than any other available choice.As we know, one has to lead a rather undignified life, if he makes the choice to drop out to live a parasitic life. Its no longer practical if one chooses to flee and to have a more primitive way of life. And those in favor of armed revolution are destined to feel disappointed whether they succeed or not. Since revolution can not eventually bring forth a bright future they dreamed of.What I disagree with the author is that in a particular time and place only an armed revolution can work which has been evidenced by the May-Forth Movement against the feudal system in the 1920s. And its also evidenced by the Anti-Japanese War in the 1940s.3.F. Mathilda had been; ill for, three days, Her mother gave her some medicine, but it did no good, so a doctor had to be sent for. Because there had. been, a number of cages of diphtheria in the school to which Mathilda went and two children died of it, the doctor wanted to look her throat over first after he arrived at the Olsons. She wouldnt open her mouth no matter how he coaxed her, then the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth, but Mathilda should reduced it to splinters. To protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor must find out whether she had caught diphtheria, so that he. could, give her timely treatment. Then he told Mathildas father to hold both her wrists while he himself opened her mouth up with effort and found that she did catch diphtheria. The story reminds us of such a thing: some of the things in life cant be done by ones willingness and in some cases, using certain force seems essential.G. The doctor thought the symptom of the girl was like that of diphtheria, and it happened that there were a number of cases of diphtheria in the school where the girl was in. So the doctor tried to coax to open her mouth. He took many ways, e.g., telling her terrible result of diphtheria, requiring her to go to hospital, which she was very afraid of etc, but she did not cooperate with him. Finally, his social responsibility, his authority as a doctor and the strategy to his respect forced him to open her mouth to see her throat by force. I think the doctors behavior is right, because in reality it is necessary to use force to do something in certain circumstances in which voluntary isnt enough.4.F. The need for laws on euthanasia, cant be dodged for much longer. Euthanasia is a taboo in most countries. In these countries doctors can only practise it secretly. But it is openly practised in. some countries, such as Holland. Right now more and more countries are going over me arguments about legalizing euthanasia. When a patient suffers from illness for a long time and there is no hope of curing it, why do we let him prolong the throes? Why cant we practise euthanasia to stop the throes? But if we legalize euthanasia, there will be a danger. Someone may use it for killing. AH in all, euthanasia is the question we cant dodge.G. Euthanasia is a problem discussed for a long time. There are two attitudes in the world at present. How is euthanasia handled in different countries?Holland, which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively. In Holland, mercy - killing is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year. They think one of a doctor s duties is to prevent suffering, sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it.In the most countries, euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment, secretly practiced many times more often, and almost never comes to light, in America, Britain and many other countries. They believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another. But now most American States have living -will legislation that protects doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged.But now if euthanasia is legalized how long can the distinction between killing and letting death hold out? The legal framework for euthanasia, permits a doctor to comply with dying mans request in a prescribed set of circumstance. But this will make someone use it to kill the others. So whether euthanasia should be legalized is a problem which has been discussed for a long time.5.F. American women contributed a lot to the development of the society* but they have been suffering from sexual discrimination of all kinds- In politics, they have done all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day, while men reaped the rewards. Economically, women predominate in the lower-paying, dead-end jobs and they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job. Many Americans dont think it is prejudice against women, but say that it is just the division of labor. And many American women are content with their role as second-class citizen. So according to the author, it will be a long and hard struggle for women to gain the real equality.G.In the U. S., there is a strong prejudice against women. But it will be much harder to eliminate the prejudice. It will be a longer struggle. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men as bizarre. And part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were.Nevertheless, women have many special qualities that the country needs. It is women who can bring empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence to the government. The women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live. At present, the country needs womens idealism and determination, perhaps more in politics than anywhere else. What the country needs is more women in politics, because they have a very special contribution to make.6.F. I was very pleased when I knew that a university in California gave Magpie the scholarship, and he could go to the Fine Arts School of it. I knew that he had been meaning to be a poet and he had such talent. It was a good chance for him. So I went back to Crow Creek to tell him the good news and get him to fill out some papers. Magpie was not home and his wife said they hadnt been together for a while and she only heard hes in Chamberlain. Then 1 went to Salina and asked her to help me. Salina said that Magpie had changed a lot since he was arrested and put in jail, and she thought that he was no longer interested in going to the university of the whites. But 1 said Magpie had a right to know about it and he should make a decision for himself. She agreed and went with me to find Elgie, Magpies good friend. But finally when I was about to see Magpie, he had already been shot by the policeman. G. The people in the story think of Magpies opportunity of going to study in the university differently. Each has his or her own ideas.Amelia, Magpies wife, doesnt think Magpie will go to California- He will never leave here even if he is told the news. According to Amelia, Magpie is happy now, finally. He is in good spirits, handsome and free and strong. He sits at the drum and sings with his brothers: hes okay now.Then the narrator goes to Salina for help. Salina says Magpie does not have those worthless, shitty dreams anymore. According to Elgie, the good friend of Magpies, Magpie has changed and is for complete separation, segregation and total isolation from the whites. He agrees with the narrators points: its a chance for him to study, to write, and he can find a kind of satisfying isolation in that.The narrator is delighted to learn the news. She thinks that Magpie is interested and he has such talent, so this is a good chance for him.7.8.F. Man created language and made it a way of communicating with his fellow man. One of the differences between oral language and written language is that oral language takes the human voice to infuse words with the shades of deeper meaning. Mrs., Flowers read A Tale of Two City so nicely that she seemed to be singing. From her reading I felt the wonder of language. Mrs. Flowers gave me some novels and poems. From these books 1 learned the worth of life, and realized how beautiful the language of literature was.G.Mrs. Flowers did a lot to teach Marguerite the important lesson in living.Mrs. Flowers told her many logical, reasonable, and practical things, though some of them were quite new and abstract to her. She said language is man s way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals. Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with the shades of deeper meaning. She also said Marguerite must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. All this, no doubt, helped to enlarge Marguerites scope of thinking and knowledge.Mrs Flowers did something to influence her. She intentionally invited Marguerite for cookies and lemonade so that they could have a chat. As Marguerite was eating, Mrs. Flower began the lesson, and encouraged her to listen carefully to what country people called mother wit. After eating cookies, the novel A Tale of Two Cities was brought out and she read to her like reading poetry. Mrs. Flowers also asked her to recite a poem next time. All these acts did influence Marguerite a lot.In making the cookies and reading the novels, Mrs. Flowers appeared to be so skillful, gentle, kind, modest and she paid much attention to some details. To Marguerite, Mrs. Flowers was a real gentlewoman and remained the measure of what a human being can be. Thus, Marguerite was guided out of a dead alley into a world of knowledge and enlightenment.9.F. Mans alien! ion span is very short- In order to capture a viewers attention, television must provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. In doing so, news is rather short, and it results in inefficient communication; much of the news is like machine-gunning with scraps, and it destroys the coherence of thought. The TVs appeal to the short attention span is decivilizing as well. Avoiding complexity means sacrificing thought. Among adult Americans, there are more and more functionally illiterate people, who even cannot answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. At least, TV is partly responsible for this.Television, since its first prevalence over radio in the 1950s, has played a more and more important role in peoples lives. Some are of the opinion that TV is enlightening. It has become so much a part of human life that a modern world without television is unimaginable. But I, on the other hand, argue against TV. I think TVs disadvantages outweigh its advantages. I want to draw your attention to the fact that television is decivilising.In the first place, watching TV takes too much of our time. Children rush to TV immediately after school. Some people sit in front of TV all day long. In this way, reading is entirely ignored. Do you remember the days when we had no TV? We read stories, listened to radio programs from which we benefited a lot. I dare say that the generation accompanied by TV will be less literate.In the second place, watching TV doesnt involve much thinking. When we take up reading, we need to think and imagine before we can thoroughly understand the writer. However, when we watch TV, what we have to do is to open our eyes and enjoy whatever is shown. Little by little we will become slow in thinking.10.F.One night, two Germans were killed by Frenchmen. The next day a German officer announced to 30 French prisoners: My orders are that one man in every ten shall be shot tomorrow. We are quite indifferent as to which three. You can choose for yourselves. The prisoners had a heated argument as to who should die. Someone said the oldest should go f