选修课作业市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,check homework,“Wont quit until we drive them into the seaha,ha,ha!”Commissioner Li burst into hearty laughter.,All the plays or operas staged about kings and princes,generals and minister,scholars and beauties are not harmful.We must make a concrete analysis of them.,The invaders,who were rapacious and ruthless,pursued the policy of“burn all,ill all,loot all”,wherever they went.,1/42,Review,1.Three groups of words according to the equivalence of words between English and Chinese,the reasons of the differences and ways to solve the translation problems.,2.Four kinds of words according to the differences of words.,3.The finer distinctions of appellations in Chinese than in English,reasons to cause the differences.,2/42,Lecture Four,Cultural Differences in Everyday Conversation,3/42,Outline,I.Cultural Differences of Greetings and Farewells in Chinese and English,II.Cultural Differences on Ways of Address in English and Chinese,III.Cultural Differences on Compliments and Responses,IV.Analysis on the Differences,V.Miscellaneous Social Amenities,4/42,Greetings in Chinese,1.In the old ancient:,2.In the ancient:,无它乎?无恙乎?,吃了吗,?,5/42,More.,3.In modern society:,你好！上哪去啊？,吃了吗？,见什么问什么,(上街啊,下班了?),6/42,Greetings in English,How are you?How do you do?,How is everything going on?,Good morning/afternoon/evening,!,How are you doing?Hello!Hi,7/42,Farewells in Chinese,再见！好走！慢走！一路顺风！旅途愉快！请留步,!,8/42,Farewells in English,Good-bye!Bye-bye!Happy journey!Happy landing!,9/42,More on English Farewells,Have a nice day.,Enjoy your weekend.,See you around.,So long.,It was nice meeting you.,Have a nice evening/day/week,etc.,10/42,And More.,Informal,:,Good talking to you.,Yeah,I hope to see you around.,Take care.,See you later.,Formal,:,It was very nice talking to you.,I hope well meet again soon.,I do too.That would be nice.,11/42,II.Ways of Address,2.1 Addressing Family Members,In Chinese,:父,母,二哥，三姐，四婶,In English,:Aunt Mary,Uncle Jim,the given name,not the family name is used.,12/42,More,2.2 Addressing Teachers in Schools,In Chinese,:姓+老师,姓+教授,In English,:call professors by their first names,not a sign of disrespect,quite counter to Chinese custom.,2.3 Social Addressing Terms,Chinese way,:the use of a persons title,office,or occupation:黄局长，林经理，马校长,In English,:only a few occupations or titles would be used:Doctor_,Judge_,Governor_,Mayor_.,13/42,And,2.4 Addressing Military Officers,In Chinese,:use command or duties:陈司令，王团长，刘排长,In English,:use the rank of the person:Captain Johnson,Lieutenant Barber,2.5 Addressing Non-relatives,In Chinese,:Except parents,almost all the kinship terms can be used.,In English,:Only a few kinship terms can be used to address non-relatives,such as:Father,Mother,Uncle,Aunt,Brother,Sister,and they are only used for some certain people.,14/42,Examples,“,Father,”is used to address rectors（“Father”or Father+surname）,“,Mother,”is used for the head of nun（“Mother”or Mother+surname),“,Aunt”and“Uncle,”are used to address the good friends of parents(“Aunt+name”or“Uncle+name”such as“Aunt Mary”and“Uncle John”,“,Brother,”is used to address monks,“,Sister,”is used to address nuns(“Brother+Christian name”or“Sister+Christian name”),15/42,Do you know?,Eye Contact and Handshaking in Introductions,Direct eye contact and,firm,handshakes during introduction are,customary,in the United States.In introductions as well as in general conversations,speakers maintain frequent eye contact.Most people become nervous if frequent eye contact turns into,staring,.When shaking hands,people shake firmly and,briefly,.The expression,“He shakes hands like a dead fish”refers to a limp handshake,a sign in the American culture of a weak character.,Prolonged,handshake is not usual.,16/42,“Small Talk”After Introductions,Immediately after introductions are made,there is usually a period of time in which impersonal or,trivial,subjects are discussed.This type of conversation,called“small talk,”is important because it often helps to maintain conversations and it can lead into interesting discussions.Usually speakers,initiate,small talk with such questions as:,17/42,How to compliment them?,18/42,And,19/42,What are the expected responses?,哪里哪里!,过奖。,真吗？你也不错啊！,20/42,III.Compliment and Responses,3.1 Compliment,3.1.1 Preference,Chinese,:like to be complimented on their inborn abilities or appearance.,English,:like to be complimented on their own diligence or other after born qualities.,21/42,3.1.2 Genders,Chinese,:it is considered impolite for male to compliment females appearance on the face,especially somebodys wife.,English,:some compliment would be considered perfectly natural and even highly appreciated.,22/42,3.1.3 Whom to be complimented?,In Chinese,:we often compliment others instead of members of ones own family in front of others.,In English,:it is quite natural to compliment their own family members.,23/42,More,3.1.4 Length of compliment,In Chinese,:people tend to give a lengthy and detailed compliment to show their honesty and real appreciation.,In English,:the compliment tends to be shorter and more general.,24/42,3.2 Responses of Compliment,Chinese:we tend to refuse the compliment or pay back it.,English:they tend to accept the compliment.,25/42,3.3 Factors to Influence Compliment and Responses,Cultural differences,gender,age,educational background,etc.,26/42,IV.Analysis on the Differences,Politeness Principles(Leech),Tact Maxim,Generosity Maxim,Approbation Maxim,Modesty Maxim,Agreement Maxim,Sympathy Maxim.,顾曰国:贬已尊人,称呼准则,文雅准则,求同准则,English put Agreement Maxim first,while Chinese put Modesty Maxim first.,27/42,In addition,Sometimes,if Chinese dont understand the intentions of the compliment given by English people,misunderstanding might be caused.A pure compliment by English might be translated into an asking.,28/42,V.Miscellaneous Social Amenities,In Chinese:谢谢,对不起,请 不用谢,这是我应该做,劳驾,请让一让,辛劳了.,In English:thanks,excuse me,sorry,please,you are welcome,I am glad to be helpful.,There is no equivalent that can fit all situations.It can mean thanks in English.So we should put it into English as:thank you,thanks,thanks a lot,I am so thankful to what you have done for me,I love you(for lover),29/42,Chinese Zodiac 十二生肖英文译法,英语中，当谈个人出生属相时，表示为“,What animal sign were you born under?你属什么？I was born in the year of the Rat./Mine is the Rat.我属鼠。”Rat charm,子鼠,Ox patient,丑牛,Tiger sensitive,寅虎,Rabbit articulate,卯兔,30/42,Dragon healthy,辰龙,Snake deep,巳蛇,Horse popular,午马,Goat elegant,未羊,Monkey clever,申猴,Rooster deep thinkers,酉鸡,Dog loyalty,戌狗,Pig chivalrous.亥猪,31/42,I was born in the Year of the Rooster.I never eat chicken.The Year of the Rooster will bring me good luck or bad luck.,Chinese,people traditionally use 12 animals,representing the 12 Earthly Branches,to symbolize the year in which a person is born.,32/42,Spring Festival 1993,for example,is the first day of the Year of the Rooster.People born in this year have the rooster as their life symbol.All other years of the rooster,according to an old Chinese saying,become either good-or-bad-luck year for them.,33/42,exercises,1.The distance zone ranging form 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred to as the _ zone.,A.public B.intimate C.socio-consultative D.casual-personal,34/42,2.Raising ones open hand with palm down to ones throat means“_”in English culture.,A.Shame on you B.Im full C.Kill yourself D.Youre shorter than I,35/42,3.In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.,A.relative rights B.relationship C.distance D.relative obligation,36/42,4.The brand name _ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative in English culture?,A.,青岛啤酒,B.,白象牌电池,C.,泸洲老窖,D.,菊花风扇,37/42,Please translate,1.,为金钱而侍奉上帝人会为更多酬劳伺候魔鬼。,2.,你对他期望过高了。干这活他还是新手呢。,3.,请提宝贵意见。,4.,别指望亚瑟会为自己辩护，他胆小如鼠。,38/42,1.He that serves God for money will serve the devil for better wages.,2.Youre expecting too much of him.He is still green to his job.,3.Please give us your comments suggestions.OR Could you give us your comments or suggestions?,4.Its no use expecting Arthur to stand up for himself.Hes as timid as a mouse.,39/42,exercise,1.It was clear to me that we were soul mates when it came to reducing government and expanding economic opportunity.,2.Zhou came through to Kissinger as subtle,brilliant,and indirect,a politician of vision who refused to get bogged down in petty detail.,40/42,3.我干了一天活，累得连炕都上不去，满身疼得要命，睡也睡不着。,4.你别狗仗人势欺侮人，争权夺利，勾心斗角事我不干。,41/42,homework,1.please review chapter 4,2.please preview chapter 5,3.try to keep in mind,Chinese Zodiac,Thank you,42/42,