英语基本句型-五大句型讲解PPT课件.ppt

（简单句）（简单句）1.2.英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：+IO+DO（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：+O+OC（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）3.基本句型基本句型 一一+（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特此句型的句子有一个共同特点，点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。完整的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词（ViVi），后面可以跟副词、介词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。短语、状语从句等。4.i （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked(for half an hour).walked(yesterday)is playinghave gone5.基本句型 二+（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。系动词：表达完整的意思。系动词：6.7.Linking-V系动系动词）词）(表语表语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smellsfell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.8.基本句型基本句型 三三+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：此句型句子的共同特点是：谓谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫这类动词叫做及物动词（做及物动词（Vt）。）。9.t（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.Swimming.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.10.基本句型基本句型 四四+IO+DO（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。个是动作的间接承受者。可接双宾语的常见可接双宾语的常见动词有：动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,buy,promise 11.（及物）（及物）IO（多指（多指人）人）DO（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 4.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 8.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.12.基本句型基本句型 五五+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整语，才能使意思完整。13.（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.14.1.接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call,name,think,make等。We call them mooncakes.2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make,keep,think,find等。At first I found Chinese hard.3.动词不定式作宾语补足语:1)接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有tell,want,ask,wish,teach等。Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear,see,watch,let,make,find等 He made us laugh.15.（二）（二）16.l1.They work hard.l2.The flower is dead.l3.Plants need water.l4.He gives me some seeds.l5.We should keep the plants in the shade.l6.Many animals live in trees.17.不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型掌握动词的类型。以。以 get 为例：为例：Hes getting angry.He got through the window.Youll get a surprise.He got his shoes and socks wet.He got himself into trouble.He got her a splendid present.。18.分析下列句子基本结构分析下列句子基本结构1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.3.All of us considered him honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city.19.7.I love you more than her child.8.Trees turn green when spring comes.9.They pushed the door open.10.Gramma told me an interesting story last night.11.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12.All the students think highly of his teaching.13.We need a place twice larger than this one.14.He asked us to sing an English song.15.At last he got home,tired and hungry.20.l1.They work hard.主主 +谓谓l2.The flower is dead.主主+系系+表表l3.Plants need water.主主+谓谓+宾宾l4.He gives me some seeds.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾l5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补l6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓谓21.不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型掌握动词的类型。以。以 get 为例：为例：Hes getting angry.(S V P)He got through the window.(S V O)Youll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet.(S V O C)He got himself into trouble.(S V O C)He got her a splendid present.(S V IO DO)。22.l在句子中在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思句型和意思:l I found the book easily.(S V O M)l 我很容易地找到了这本书。我很容易地找到了这本书。l I found the book easy.(S V O C)l 我觉得这本书很容易。我觉得这本书很容易。23.