输电线路运行及维护英中文(2000).doc

Operation and Maintenance of Transmission Lines

Key words: Transmission line distribution line frequency voltage transmission lines that supply the context, the user plays a vital role in power supply, so the demands on the transmission line is safety first, but also to keep up with economic, because the power company is now a corporate mode of operation, so the requirements in terms of the economy must also be improved, in order to make safe and efficient operation of line, I think that following the transmission network can strengthen and improve in three areas: increased investment in construction projects to improve the operation and increase the level of work breakdown preventive measures.
First, the increase in equipment investment areas:

1, to strengthen the structural integrity of transmission lines, increasing line loop or an additional transformer, which had replaced the old transformer energy saving transformer. Increase the transmission power lines, there are some old lines of smaller wire cross section, so that the voltage loss and line losses are large. In the unlikely case of boost, you can replace a large section of wire, or re-installation of the transmission line conductors to increase capacity, while achieving the purpose of reducing line losses.
2, the user at or near the user's installation of substation reactive power compensation equipment. Remain active in the load conditions, improving the load power factor, reduce reactive power load required for Q, will reduce the active power lines and transformers and power loss. As the pace of reactive power compensation device camera, static compensator, power capacitors. Requirements when the available reactive synchronous condenser, reactive power requirement of hours available capacitors, the impact of the load with a static compensator. Placement of reactive compensation equipment location to the actual situation may be.
3, to improve power grid voltage. For example, the power grid was promoted to 6kV 10kV, 35kV electricity network to step-up to 110kV and so on. This method is more obvious for lower power consumption, but investment has increased significantly. When using this method, it should be through the technical and economic comparison.

4, in place of adequate reactive power, the installation could increase the level of operating voltage power network equipment, such as regulating transformers. Because the electricity grid operation, lines and transformers and other electrical equipment, the maximum allowed by the insulation voltage, generally allow no more than 10% of the rated voltage. Therefore, the power grid operation, should try to raise the level of operating voltage to reduce power loss. It must be noted, in the system reactive power supply, used to adjust the transformer tap voltage to improve the way power grids, will load reactive power consumption increases.

Second, improved operation and maintenance measures:

1, change the original wiring grid in order to participate in the most favorable way to run wiring. Circuitous routes to improve time, send down, to prevent Kabo Zi and so on. In localities where conditions permit may be closed to the open net net, the radiating power network, at least according to active power loss of the points was obtained by partitioning the network.
2, the full use of generators and reactive power adjustment on the camera's power plants and transformer substations to select the correct tap in order to maximize the level of operating voltage, lower power consumption.

3, in order to improve power supply reliability and meet the needs of the load, usually installed at the new substation with the capacity of two or more transformers in parallel with the model run. When a failure or maintenance, another transformer or the other to maintain power. At light loads, such as the number of parallel operation of the transformer in the same, the winding resistance loss is small, but a larger proportion of core loss. At this juncture, not to overload the transformer part of the case, part of the transformer can be removed, reducing the total loss of the transformer.

4, should be minimized during the maintenance outage of the transmission line flagging numbers, such as the use of line maintenance phase method, charged maintenance, rapid repair method. In this way not only improves the reliability of power supply, but also improve the power grid to run the economy.

5, establish a complete automated control system to calculate the production of electric energy in power plants, electric energy sold to users, as well as electric power plants and substations from the rational organization.

6, try to avoid power loss in distribution network, power grid in the actual operation may be due to poor insulation on electrical equipment while leakage loss. This loss can be maintained by strengthening the power grid to reduce the work. Maintenance work is mainly regular cleaning lines, transformers, circuit breakers and other insulators and insulating sleeve, remove branches touching the wire and take the nest on the line.

Third, failure and protection measures

1, in the distribution line, because the lines horizontally, and the smaller distance between the lines, if the same file from the conductor sag is not the same, when the wind is strong swing of the wire is not the same, leading to short-circuit phase conductors caused by collision with each other Therefore, strict control must be in the construction, attention to the tension wire, so that the relaxation phase conductors are equal, and within the prescribed standards. Line inspection, we found that the above problems, it is timely arrangements.
2, wind Guaduan branches falling on the line, or throwing metal objects online wizard will lead to short-circuit phase conductors, or even break. In addition, the high line the bottom of the car or by cable car operation in the lines below, they may cause disconnection or short circuit accident. Therefore, in cross *, across the line should be left a certain interval distance.

3, due to the long wires by water, air and harmful gases, erosion, oxidation damage, steel wires and lightning line most likely to rust, a serious lead in the inspections found corrosion, should be promptly replaced.

4, the line of porcelain insulators due to the impact of harmful components in the air, so porcelain part of the dirty, wet weather encountered, dirty layer to absorb moisture, so that the conductive performance enhancement, not only increasing the power loss, but also likely to cause flashover accident .

5, lines installed wrong or because of failure of the porcelain insulator insulators aging in place under the action of frequency flashover voltage breakdown. Which are found in the inspection of the porcelain insulator flashover traces should be promptly replaced, and the replacement of the new ceramic insulator must withstand test.

6, the ceramic insulation in part by external damage, the occurrence of cracks or damage, wiped out a large piece of porcelain or from the edge of the skirt to the top of both the crack should be replaced, otherwise it will lead to reduced insulation flashover accident occurred.

7, cement rod subjected to external forces shot down collision accidents, such as a car or tractor collision.

8, wire Shouli Bu are so inclined tower, and you should pull tightening or adjustment of pole line.

9, where the vibration in the wire, gold with screw off easily due to vibration of the accident itself, so double-check inspection and cleaning should contact the parts fitting is good.

In summary we can see that the management of the transmission lines and equipment to improve many aspects of the work needs to be done, in order for people to spend worry-free high-quality power supply, we must strengthen and improve the quality of learning, so that transmission line safe and efficient operation.
输电线路的运行和维护
关键词:输电线路 分配线频率 电压
用户在电力供应中起着非常重要的作用,因此在电力供应的需求传输线安全第一,而且要跟上经济,由于电力公司现在是一个公司的经营方式,所以要求方面的经济也必须改进,以使安全、高效运行,我认为,继传输网络可以加强和改善在三个方面:增加投资在建筑工程改善了操作和水平的提高工作分解的防范措施。

首先,增加设备投资领域:

1、加强结构完整性的传输线,增加管线环或附加的变压器,代替了旧变压器节能变压器。增加传输功率的线条,有一些旧线截面较小的电线,使电压损失和线的损失是巨大的。在可能的情况下提高,您可以取代一大段的电线,或重装输电线路导体的同时,实现提高产能,降低线损的目的。

2、用户达到或接近用户安装的变电站无功补偿装置。在负载条件下保持活力,提高负荷功率因数,减少无功负荷要求的问题,将会减少线路和变电站的有功功率和功率损耗。节奏的无功功率补偿装置摄象机、静态补偿器,电力电容器。要求提供无功同步冷凝器、无功功率的要求,影响服务电容器的负荷用静态补偿器的时间。无功补偿设备放置位置对实际情况的可能。

3、改善电网电压。例如,电网被提升为6kV、10kV、 35kV电力网络升压到110kV等。该方法比较明显较低的功耗,但投资已经大幅增加了。当使用这个方法,就应该通过技术经济比较。

4、在地方足够的无功功率,安装可以操作电压水平的提高电网设备,如调节变压器。因为电网运行、线路和变电站和其他机电设备、最高容许绝缘电压,通常允许不超过10%的额定电压。因此,电网运行,应尽量提高水平操作电压,以减少动力损失。它必须注意的是,在系统无功电源供应器,用于调整变压器抽头电压要改善电网负荷无功功率,将增加消费。

第二,改善操作和维护措施:

1、为了参与最优惠的方式运行接线变更原配线网格、迂回路线以提高输送时间、,以防止“卡脖子”等等。在条件许可的地方可以关闭开式网,辐射电网,根据最小有功功率损失所获得的分割点的网络。

2、充分利用发电机和无功功率调整相机的发电厂和变电站，选择正确的水龙头,旨在最大限度的合理水平的工作电压、较低的功耗。

3、为了提高供电可靠性和适应的负荷,通常安装在新变电站的处理能力的两种或两种以上的变压器并联模型的运行。当一个停电或维护,另一个变压器或其他维护权力。在轻载荷,如许多平行的操作的变压器绕组电阻大同小异,损失很小,但更大比例的核心的损失。在这个节骨眼上,不超载变压器部分案件,部分变压器可以被排掉,从而减少了变压器的全部损失。

4、在维护应当最小化停电的输电线路下垂的编号,如使用设备的保养维修,冲相位法、快速修复方法。用这种方法不仅提高了供电的可靠性,同时也增强了电网运行经济。

5、建立完备的自动化控制系统来计算电能的生产电厂、电能卖给用户,以及发电厂和变电站从合理组织。

6、尽量避免功率损耗在配电网、电网在实际操作可能是由于不良的绝缘电气设备而泄漏损失。这种损失可以维持通过加强电网减少工作。维护工作主要是定期清理线路、变压器、断路器和其它绝缘体和绝缘套筒,去除分支触摸电线将巢在绳子上。

第三,停电和保护措施

1、在分配线,因为线路水平,和线路之间距离较小,如果同样的文件与导体垂度是不一样的,刮大风的时候摆动线是不一样的,导致导线相碰撞造成彼此短路，因此, 在建设中必须严格控制和注意张力线,因此导线都是相互平行的,并按规定的标准调节松紧度。定期安排线检验,我们才能及时发现问题。

2、风刮断树枝落在这条线,或投掷的金属物品在导线之间，甚至破坏导线，将导致短路。此外,高线底部的汽车或坐缆车运行线以下,他们或许会让断开或短路事故。因此,交叉的地方应该留下了一定的间隔距离。

3、由于长期的电缆水、大气、有害气体、侵蚀、氧化损伤,钢丝和闪电线最容易生锈,一种严重的领先,而在此检查发现腐蚀,应及时更换。

4、线的瓷绝缘子的影响,由于空气中有害成分的一部分,所以瓷器脏,潮湿的天气时,脏层吸收水分,使导电性能的提高,不仅增加了功率损耗,但也可能引起沿面闪络事故。

5、线安装错误或因失败的地方瓷绝缘子的绝缘材料老化的作用下沿面闪络电压的频率崩溃。对检查中所发现的瓷绝缘子沿面闪络的痕迹,要及时更换的更换，新的陶瓷绝缘子必须经得起考验。

6、陶瓷绝缘部分受到外力的损伤,发生开裂或损坏,摧毁了一大块瓷器或从禁区边缘的裙的顶峰的裂缝应更换,否则会导致降低绝缘沿面闪络事故的起因。

7、水泥杆受外力碰撞事故击落,比如汽车或拖拉机相撞。

8、电线受力集中字电杆部分,应该打紧缩或调整杆线。

9、线在半空中振动连接体由于本身容易被拧开易发生振动事故,所以需要很好的反复检查检查和清洗应该联系部件装。

总之,我们可以看出,管理的输电线路和设备,提高许多方面的工作需要做,为了让人们在无后顾之忧的高品质的电力供应,我们必须加强和提高了学习的质量,使输电线路的安全、高效运行。