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主谓一致语法一致原则
主谓一致语法一致原则
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主谓一致 教案
一、语法一致原则
Reading books in bed is a bad habit.. on the desk are two books 。
二)意义一致原则
有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义,而不是语法上的单、复数形式,这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如:
My family watch TV after supper。 The united states is a developed country.
this pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
三)就近原则
有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。 例如:
either my grandsons or their father is coming. There is some bread and some cakes on the table.
二、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题
有些集合名词,class,crew,crowd,family,audience,government,group,mob,staff,team, union committee, 这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循 “意义一致”原则。例如:
the present government is trying to control inflation。 the school staff are expected to supervise school meals。
(一)通常作复数的集体名词
包括police, people, cattle, militia, vermin等,这些集体名词通常用作复数。 例如:
(二)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
包括baggage, luggage, jewellery, poultry,machinery, equipment, furniture, clothing, merchandise等
all the machinery in the factory is made in china。
四、以—s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
(一)以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题
如:arthritis,(关节炎)bronchitis,(肺炎)measles(麻疹) diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时,谓语动词通常用作单数。 例如:
measles usually occurs in children。
(三)以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题
如the united states,the netherlands,因其是单一政治实体,所以谓语动词用作单数。 例如:
但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用作复数. 例如:
the himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant.
the niagara falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.
(四)以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题
某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时,如physics, mathematics, mechanics, politics statistics, economics,
physics is a fundamental subject in science. the third world economics is promising.
(五)其它以—s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题
3) 表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shorts等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如与a kind of, a pair of, that pair of, a series of 连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box。
the contents of the book are most amusing.
五、如果句子的主语是并列结构,其主谓一致问题通常遵循以下原则:
(一)由and/both.。。and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题
由and/both。..and连接的并列结构作主语,可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。 例如:
Butter and bread iron and steel war and peace fish and chips
当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every, no, many a 等限定词时,谓语动词通常用单数. 例如:
(二)由or/nor/either.。.or连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题
由or, nor, either.。.or, neither.。。nor, not only..。but also 连接的并列结构作主语
(三)主语 + 介词
当主语后面跟有由 rather than , instead of ,more than, as well as, ,with, along with, together with, except, besides, but, in addition to , apart from ,including, concerning 等引导的词组时,
六、以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时,如果数量概念被看做一个整体,动词用单数,如果被看做组成该数量的个体,动词用复数。 例如:
three weeks have passed ,but two weeks are still left there were six silver dollars in each of the stockings。
如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+ of”词组构成,all of, some of, half of, most of,其动词形式 取决于of词组中名词的类别。 例
two—thirds of the people present is against the plan。 All of the work has been done
两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数;两数相加或相乘,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。 例如:
sixty minus seventeen leaves forty—three。 forty-two divided by six is seven.
six andplus eight makes/make fourteen。 six times eight is/are forty-eight。
如果主语由”one in/one out of + 复数名词” 构成,在正式语体中,动词用单数。 例如:
one in ten students has passed the examination。 one out of twelve bottles was left intact。
如果主语由One or two days 、 one day or two / one and a half days / one /a day and a half day
One and a half apples________(leave) on the table。
如果主语是由“many a +/more than one +名词" 用单数。 例如:
many a man has his own responsibility。 more than one ship was lost this year。
同位语原则
Each of the students ______ (take) an active part in the English contest.
we each ______ (take) an active part in the English contest。
4)the+adj. 表示一类人 或物做主语时如 the+blind, deaf,living,dead,wounded,poor,rich old, young等
5) the+姓的复数形式表一家人
The Greens were watching TV when a fire broke out
3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词 形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
Looking after the children is my full time job.
To die for the people is a worthy death.
9)由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的不定代词做主语时,谓语用单数
Nobody wants to go there.
Something has been done to end the strike.
2)单、复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则.作单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,
反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有:sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), species(种类),works(工厂),
10)倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语.如:
1)Between the two buildings___ (stand) a monument。
2)On the ship (be) over 2,200 people。
3)More than 1,500 people lost their lives。 Among those (be) the young woman。
12).all 做主语表示人时,谓动用复数;若表物,谓动则用单数。
13 One or two + n (p) +V(p) a + n (s) + or two + V (s) 一两个…
One or two students were late for class. One student or two was late for class。
15) One and a half + n (p) + V (s )
a + n (s) and a half + V (s) 一个半……
16。 one of the students , the only/very one of the students。
17。 a number of + n(复数) the number of + n(复数)
18. a large quantity of +c/u +谓语单数 large quantities of +c/u +谓语复数
19). Such作主语 Such is our plan. Such are my words。
20)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词 形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
Looking after the children is my full time job。
To die for the people is a worthy death.
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