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物探队在聚光太阳能热发电厂作业的风险分析和对策.pdf

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1、2023 年第 39 卷第 2 期石油化工安全环保技术PETROCHEMICAL SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY501 影响物探作业的主要原因聚光太阳能热发电(Concentrating Solar Power,简称 CSP),是指使用一种辐射能聚集装置,有效地聚焦太阳的辐射能,以此加热传导介质,并通过传导介质的热能输送,加热产生高温蒸汽,从而推动汽轮机带动发电机发电的方式1-2。聚光太阳能热发电厂一般经过大规模建设,占用面积非常大,常常建设在荒漠、戈壁、荒滩等有大面积空闲土地的地方,并且要求日照充足3。物探队的施工作业现场往往也是

2、沙漠、戈壁等,施工区域经过聚光太阳能热发电厂时,如果进行炮点偏移,将会对采集数据的质量和效益带来很大影响。如果进入聚光太阳能热发电厂进行物探施工作业,由于发电厂内的设备设施投资巨大,需要大面积的光学反射装置和昂贵的接收装置,如聚光镜面成本高,空间占用面积大,热水管道、发电线路错综复杂,且存在高温蒸汽、辐射、化学品等危险危害,如何保障物探作业的针对性,风险控制措施到位显得十分重要4-6。2 主要风险分析2.1 交叉作业由于太阳能热发电厂是 24 h 作业,物探队在收稿日期:2021-05-14作者简介:代智勇,男,2014 年毕业于西安石油大学安全工程专业,主要从事安全环保质量体系研究工作,工程

3、师。电话:15633756602,E-mail:物探队在聚光太阳能热发电厂作业的风险分析和对策代智勇1,程宗华2,闫 英3,杨永政1(1.中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司,河北 保定 071000;2.中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院,北京 102200;3.融通地产物业管理有限公司,湖北 武汉 430061)摘要:物探队的施工作业现场往往是沙漠、戈壁等太阳能储备丰富的地方,而聚光太阳能热发电厂也一般建设在这种环境下,经过大规模建设,占地面积非常大。如果物探队作业现场有聚光太阳能热发电厂,倘若进行炮点偏移的话,将会对物探数据采集的质量和生产效益带来很大影响。如果进入聚光太阳能热发电厂进行

4、物探施工作业,则会面临许多新风险和挑战。对物探队进入聚光太阳能热发电厂施工作业进行了风险分析,并针对主要风险提出了对策和风险控制措施。关键词:物探作业聚光太阳能热发电风险分析进行勘探作业时,不可避免的会和太阳能热发电厂的正常作业同时进行,这会产生很大风险。比如在聚光镜区域,物探队的放线人员、查线人员和收线人员不可避免的会和发电厂的聚光镜区域高压水清洗机喷砂作业人员产生相互干扰7。这种交叉作业的相互干扰会增加风险,必须采取措施降低风险。2.2 高温蒸汽转化电能往往需要使用蒸汽涡轮发动机,会产生高温蒸汽,一般位于动力站的核心地带。而高温蒸汽传输管道不仅位于热动力站等人员禁止入内的场所,还横贯于聚光

5、镜的聚焦点处。聚光太阳能热发电厂热传导介质主要是水,经过蒸发会产生大量的蒸汽,温度可高达 540 8。地震队作业人员在聚光镜的下方作业时,这些高温蒸汽输送管道一旦发生泄漏,或者作业人员误触碰到这些蒸汽输送管道,将会对作业人员造成灼伤、烫伤和高压冲击伤害。51 代智勇等.物探队在聚光太阳能热发电厂作业的风险分析和对策 2023 年第 39 卷第 2 期2.3 高压电聚光太阳能热发电厂的目的就是将太阳能转化为电能,除了在发电厂的动力发电站存在高压、低压等设备、变配电站等,发电厂的终端还架设有高压输电线和架空塔,整个电站系统结构十分复杂。由于物探队需要经常使用起重设备,例如吊车,仪器采集车需要架设天

6、线,还有使用民爆物品、电火花和重锤作为激发源进行微测井作业,在高压电线附近作业须十分注意和小心。2.4 车辆交通聚光太阳能热发电厂内设备设施众多,区域划分明确。有高风险区域、动力区域、化工区域。由于场内道路狭窄,物探队作业需要使用到震源工程车辆和卡车等重型车,物探队如果不熟知场内行驶路线,没有遵守现场和场外的速度限制,也没有注意车辆限高和限宽的要求,甚至不严格注意倒车程序,不提前进行线路踏勘,随意进行倒车,在聚光太阳能热发电厂内极易发生车辆 事故。2.5 热反应聚光太阳能热发电厂内产生热反应的环境因素有多方面,气温,辐射热、气流和相对湿度都会影响到人对热的反应,最普遍的危险是出现中暑现象。痱子

7、也是在高温工作环境中最常见的问题,表现为红色丘疹,通常出现在衣服比较紧的部位。随着出汗的增加,这些丘疹会产生刺痛的感觉。在高温中从事物探队的放线和收线作业,电瓶、太阳能板等重物搬运等属于重体力劳动,严重时可导致热痉挛。3 对策与措施3.1 作业时段化考虑到物探作业与聚光太阳能热发电厂日常作业的相互干扰,可以提前对双方产生交叉作业的活动和任务进行风险评估。先从时间上着手,详细罗列物探队和发电厂各自日常作业的时间段,认真分析研究,划定出作业的重合时段和不重合时段。再依据不同时段,约定双方在不同时段分别进行作业,即可在时间上对交叉作业的危害做出隔离。3.2 作业区块化考虑到物探采集作业与聚光太阳能热

8、发电厂热发电作业都是 24 h 作业,时间上不可避免的会有重合段,在作业时段基础上,可以将发电厂内的作业空间区块化,划分为网格型或者不规则的同类型工作区块,造成空间上的隔离。双方可以在不同区块内同时作业,并且相互之间不会产生影响,最大程度的降低风险。3.3 作业协调化物探作业要进入聚光太阳能热发电厂施工,在开展各项作业前,要对作业时段和作业区块进行检查,确保没有同时进行施工作业和交叉作业的地点。为此,物探队需要和发电厂召开专门的协调会议,制定当日工作计划,并协调任命 1 名总指挥,赋予其权力随时停止不安全工作,加强现场监督和检查。3.4 人员防护措施在聚光太阳能热发电厂的一般场所作业时,如聚光

9、镜区域,物探作业人员要穿着个人防护装备(PPE),包括安全帽、反光背心、安全镜、安全鞋等。衣服要穿长袖,并且是阻燃或棉质的工作服。安全鞋要防静电和防油。安全眼镜最好有防喷溅的功能,聚光镜区域作业还需佩戴太阳镜。靠近动力区域工作时,需要佩戴听力保护劳保9。在聚光太阳能热发电厂的特殊场所作业时,如热动力区域周围,严格要求仅授权人员和合格人员作业,物探作业人员必须使用有机蒸汽面罩,防尘面罩,穿戴化学或隔热手套和化学工作服,还需要携带气体检测仪,例如硫化氢检测仪。整个作业过程中,要有火警监督。参考文献:1 陈伟,张军.聚光型太阳能热发电现状及在我国应用的风险分析J.可再生能源,2010,28(2):1

10、48-151.2 李斌,李安定.太阳能热发电的分析与思考J.电力设备,2004,5(5):83-85.(下转第 66 页)石油化工安全环保技术662023 年第 39 卷第 2 期理系统出水 COD 和总氮达标排放,大大提高了污水回用率,最大限度实现了节水减排,达到经济效益和环保效益最大化。参考文献:1 禚青倩,曹晓磊,李本高.炼化回用污水反渗透产生的浓水有机物组成分析 J.石油炼制与化工,2018,49(6):93-95.2 余伟.炼油废水后置反硝化脱总氮处理实验研究 J.工业安全与环保,2017,43(6):11-14.3 孙迎雪,胡银翠,孙云祥,等.反硝化生物滤池深度脱氮机理 J.环境工

11、程学报,2012,6(6):1857-1862.(上接第 49 页)&Engineering Chemistry Research,2018,57(42):14297-14306.4 闫晓.超大型液化天然气储罐及库区安全设计性能化技术研究 D.青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013.5 单彤文,程昊.LNG 池火的固体火焰模型研究 J.煤气与热力,2016,36(3):67-72.6 C.Marx.Liquefied petroleum gas,vol.1:Large bulk pressure storage and refrigerated LPGM.London:The Institute

12、 of Petroleum,1987.7 Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas-design of onshore installations:EN 14732007S.(上接第 51 页)3 王志峰,杜凤丽.20152022 年中国太阳能热发电发展情景分析及预测 J.太阳能,2019(11):5-10.4 李安定,李斌,杨培尧,等.碟式聚光太阳热发电技术 J.太阳能,2003(3):25-27.5 赵吉芳,刘海波,张修田,等.槽式太阳能热发电站中集热管摆动支撑的结构分析 J.太阳能,2020(6):75-80.6 孙成金,葛

13、婷婷,潜钧,等.塔式太阳能热发电吸热器热效率影响因素分析 J.发电设备,2020,34(3):161-165.7 徐玫,肖斌,周治,等.塔式太阳能热发电站中空冷凝汽器运行特性的研究 J.太阳能,2020(9):69-75.8 袁建丽,林汝谋,金红光,等.太阳能热发电系统与分类(2)J.太阳能,2007(5):29-32.9 郭勇.物探作业危害识别与风险评价探讨J.西部探矿工程,2011,23(3):212-216.欢迎订阅,欢迎投稿quently in work activities that involve work at height in petrochemical industry i

14、n China,a large part of which is related to scaffolding.Whether the scaffolding is unsta-ble,collapsed or capsized,or the workers fall from height in the process of scaffolding removal or use,all of these have caused serious casualties.In the inspection,it was found that the main root causes of the

15、frequent scaffold-ing accidents were the lack of targeted scaffolding plans,the insufficient professionalism of the erection staff who set up the scaffolding at will,material defects,no scaffolding specialists and so forth.By putting forward specific preventive measures combined with the good experi

16、ence and practice of the enterprise,the obvious problems of scaffolding on site can be solved effectively so that scaffolding accidents can be reduced.Key words:scaffolding;instability and collapse;high falling;account book;whole process managementSAFETY PROTECTION MEASURES FOR FLAME MONITORING AND

17、FLAMEOUT PROTECTION OF GAS-FIRED HEATERS41Ren Xiangjuan1,Wan Xiaofang2.(1.Dalian Branch of Daqing Huakai Petrochemical Design Project,Dalian,Liaoning,116039;2.PetroChina Liaoyang Petrochemi-cal Company,Liaoyang,Liaoning,111000)Abstract:This paper introduces and analyzes the safety of gas-fired heate

18、rs and the technical characteristics of flame monitoring and flameout protection in China at present.Relevant rectification requirements issued by the national Ministry of Emergency Management in-clude adding flame monitoring and flameout protection settings for the operating gas-fired heaters and h

19、eaters with heat-transfer oil.Different technical transforma-tion routes are put forward according to the different conditions of domestic active gas-fired heaters:the gas-fired heaters of single burners are equipped with opti-cal flame detector and corresponding interlocking;the gas-fired heaters w

20、ith 2 3 burners are equipped with optical flame monitoring and corresponding flameout protection;for gas-fired heaters with more than 4 burn-ers(including 4 burners),furnace flame monitoring TV with alarm function and corresponding flameout protec-tion shall be designed.Key words:gas-fired heater;bu

21、rner;safety;flame monitoring;flameout protectionSIMULATION ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH ON POOL FIRE OF IMPOUNDING BASIN IN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TERMINAL45Liu Yi.(SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation,Beijing,100101)Abstract:The leakage of LNG easily leads to methane diffusion,fire and explosion accidents.Thi

22、s paper dis-cusses the working conditions of pool fire and introduc-es the current research status and achievements of pool fire in LNG terminal.The pool fire of impounding basin set in full containment tank is simulated,analyzed and studied by adopting the PHAST software.The paper studies the influ

23、ences of different wind speed,atmo-spheric stability,ambient temperature,relative humidi-ty,the size of impounding basin and the selecting prin-ciples of equivalent diameter on the calculation results of thermal radiation.The thermal radiation of pool fire is simulated and calculated,and the thermal

24、 radiation flux under different working conditions are obtained.According to the criterion of thermal radiation damage,the discrimination method of thermal radiation influ-ence protection distance is put forward.This provides reference for the study of pool fire radiation effects in the impounding b

25、asin of LNG terminal.Key words:liquefied natural gas/LNG;impounding basin;pool fires;equivalent diameter;thermal radiationRISK ANALYSIS OF OPERATION IN CON-CENTRATING SOLAR POWER PLANTS BY GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING CREW AND COUNTERMEASURES50Dai Zhiyong1,Cheng Zonghua2,Yan Ying3,Yong Yong-zheng1.(1.BGP

26、 Inc.,China National Petroleum Cor-poration,Baoding,Hebei,071000;2.CNPC Research Institute of Safety&Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,102200;3.RONGTONG Property Manage-ment Company,Wuhan,Hubei,430061)Abstract:Operation sites of geophysical prospecting crew are usually areas with abundant sola

27、r energy re-serves such as deserts and Gobi.CSP(Concentrating solar power)plants are generally built in such environ-ment,and they occupy a very large area after large-scale construction.If there is a concentrating solar power plant at the prospecting teams operation site,offsetting the shooting poi

28、nts will cause a great impact on the quality of geophysical data acquiring and production profit;while prospecting inside the CSP plant will face many new risks and challenges.This paper conducts a risk analysis on the operation of geophysical prospecting crew enter-ing the CSP plant and puts forwar

29、d countermeasures and risk control measures for the main risks.Key words:geophysical prospecting operation;con-centrating solar power/CSP;risk analysisANALYSIS AND SUGGESTION ON PREVEN-TION AND CONTROL STANDARDS OF HY-DROGEN SULFIDE IN OIL FIELD52Liu Yang1,2,Zhu Liguo1,2,Zhang Lu1,2,Du Fan1,2.(1.Tec

30、hnical Inspection Center of SINOPEC Shengli Oil-field Co.,Ltd.,Dongying,Shandong,257062;2.Shengli Oilfield Inspection and Assessment Research Co.,Ltd.,Dongying,Shandong,257062)Abstract:Aiming at the prevention and control status of hydrogen sulfide in eastern oilfields,this paper sorted out the curr

31、ent national,industrial and enterprise stan-dards,norms and systems and analyzes their applicabil-ity.It investigated the distribution of stations,facilities,production and operation parameters and geographical environment characteristics of eastern oilfield and conducted simulation and experimental

32、 test of leakage consequences.It also determined the diffusion rules of hydrogen sulfide after leakage in eastern oilfield,pro-posed a hazard classification method for hydrogen sul-fide-containing equipment.Based on this,the enterprise standard of risk management and control of hydrogen sulfide in eastern oilfield was formulated in order to achieve accurate risk control of hydrogen sulfide and improve safety of the enterprise.ABSTRACTSPETROCHEMICAL SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGYBimonthly.20 Apr.2023 Vol.39 No.2

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