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2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷
注意事项：
1． 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1．_______ you hear from me to the contrary, expect me on Friday at about 6 pm.
A．Unless B．Until
C．While D．Although
2．These new books are a very welcome _________ to the school library.
A．addition B．arrival C．attitude D．audience
3．— We would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.
— Sorry, I . I have another appointment.
A．won’t B．shan’t C．can’t D．mustn’t
4．Good food，good sleep，no exercise．That's he gained weight．
A．how B．when C．what D．whether
5．I am sorry I am very busy now. If I time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.
A．have B．had
C．have had D．had had
6．—OK， here ___________.
—Thank you for your lift. See you later.
A．are we B．is it
C．we are D．comes it
7．Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way ________ to the Home Circle Building.
A．easy enough B．enough easy
C．easily enough D．enough easily
8．I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I ________ you waiting for such a long time.
A．had not kept B．will not keep
C．would not have kept D．have not kept
9．The house ______ I live in is very small.
A． that B． whom C． when D． what
10．He was greatly shocked at Donald Trump’s taking office. Never did he expect that the voters _______ be so unreasonable.
A．should B．could
C．would D．might
11．After looking at many new cars, I found ________ which I would accept just as suitable.
A．it B．this C．that D．one
12．－What about inviting Tracy to host the party?
－Good idea! She is very quick in mind. Oh, _______, here she comes.
A．don’t pull my leg B．a little bird told me
C．speak of the devil D．it’s a piece of cake
13．We have decided to fulfill the task in time, difficulties we may meet with.
A．no matter how B．however C．whatever D．whichever
14．Cell phones are now widely used in our daily lives，________________ it possible for us to talk to anyone easily.
A．to make B．made
C．make D．making
15．But for the metal cage to pull the miners to safety, the miners in Chile ____ in less than twenty-four hours.
A．would not be rescued B．would not have been rescued
C．would be rescued D．would have been rescued
16．If we want students to become effective in multicultural settings, one thing is clear: there is no ________ for practice.
A．prescription B．substitute
C．appetite D．suspension
17．--- Ann, our department may be named the Department of the Year because of the outstanding performance.
--- _______.
A． Good to know B． I’ll say
C． I hear you on that one D． Can’t argue with that
18．Recently, a programmer criticized the “996” work schedule ______ employees work from 9 am to 9 pm, 6 days a week, with the prospect of ending up in an intensive care unit.
A．where B．when C．which D．whose
19．Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, lean to be ________ of others.
A．ignorant B．responsible
C．reliable D．tolerant
20．Check your paper carefully to see ________ you have made any mistakes.
A．what B．which C．whether D．that
第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
21．（6分） We are obsessed (迷恋)with ourselves. We study our history, our psychology, our philosophy. Much of our knowledge revolves (使旋转)around humankind itself, as if we were the most important thing in the universe.
But in the course of the centuries we have come to realize just how many wrong ideas we’ve had. We have learned of the existence of black holes, waves of space, and of the extraordinary molecular structures in every cell of our bodies.
The more we discover, the more we understand that what we don’t yet know is greater than what we know. The more powerful our telescopes, the stranger and more unexpected are the heavens we see. The closer we look at the minute detail of matter, the more we discover of its profound structure.
In a famous story told by Plato in the seventh book of The Republic, some men are chained at the bottom of a dark cave and see only shadows cast upon a wall by a fire behind them. They think that this is reality. One of them frees himself, leaves the cave and discovers the light of the sun and the wider world. At first the light, to which his eyes are unaccustomed, stuns and confuses him. But eventually he can see and returns excitedly to his companions to tell them what he has seen. They find it hard to believe.
We are all in the depths of a cave, chained by our ignorance, our prejudices, and our weak senses reveal only shadows. If we try to see further, we are confused: we are unaccustomed. But we try. This is science. Scientific thinking explores and redraws the world, gradually offering us better and better images of it, teaching us to think in ever more effective ways. Its strength is its capacity to demolish (推翻)old ideas, to reveal new regions of reality, and to construct new, more effective images of the world. This adventure rests upon the entirety of past knowledge, but at its heart is change.
The incompleteness and the uncertainty of our knowledge, hung over the abyss (深渊) of what we don’t know, does not make life meaningless: it makes it interesting and precious.
1、What does the author want to tell us in the first three paragraphs?
A．The new discoveries of the universe prove to be wrong.
B．Man has created splendid cultures in the course of centuries.
C．Our knowledge of the universe is incomplete and uncertain.
D．The existing technologies are enough for further exploration.
2、The story told by Plato is meant to .
A．make us aware of the cruelty of reality
B．encourage us to explore the unknown world
C．applaud the heroic deeds of chasing freedom
D．justify our ignorance and prejudice about the world
3、What does the author want to stress in the passage?
A．Exploring the universe makes our life meaningful.
B．Leaving things as they are makes our life perfect.
C．New discoveries of the universe will cause confusion.
D．Past knowledge prevents us constructing a new world.
22．（8分）Young sunflowers turn and swing every day. New findings add to evidence that the plants are animal-like.
Harmer, a professor in the University of California at Davis, Department of Plant Biology, carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field, in pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.
By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move. When plants were moved indoor with a settled overhead light, they continued to swing back and forth for a few days.
The indoor plants did start tracking the “sun” again when the apparent source of lighting was moved across the room. The plants could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle, but not when it was closer to 30 hours.
When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides. At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way. The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day or on the other side at night. A plant growth-regulating hormone (激素), called auxin, appears to be a key driver.
The “dance” to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures (成熟) and its flowers open up. At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east.
“Bees like warm flowers.” Harmer said, adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.
“The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects, perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day.” he said “We’re currently testing this idea.”
1、Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers?
A．To see how sunflowers grow up
B．To show what sunflowers’ genes are.
C．To study why sunflowers track the sun.
D．To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days.
2、What does the underlined word “staking” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A．tracking B．fining
C．growing D．searching
3、What is the result of sunflowers being stopped from moving?
A．They will produce a number of new genes.
B．They will grow faster than usual.
C．They won’t swing back though set free.
D．They won’t grow well.
4、What is the advantage of sunflowers’ dance to the sun?
A．They attract more insects. B．They save more energy.
C．They mature more rapidly. D．They produce more flowers.
23．（8分）China became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells, reducing the need to breed lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective and affordable animal tests for new drugs, scientists said on Thursday .
By December, the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques(猕猴) named”Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transferring of somatic cells(体细胞)-any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells.
Tetra, a monkey born in 1999, is the world's first cloned monkey, but it was done by using a simpler method called embryo splitting(胚胎分割); but it could only generate four cloned offspring at a time and cannot be genetically changed to suit the experimental need.
Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate(灵长类) that shares its genetic makeup, and therefore all of its complexity, with humans.
For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly and bad for the environment, and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes.
By cloning monkey using somatic cells, we can massively cultivate large numbers of genetically identical offspring in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs. This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine.
Sun Qiang, director of the non-human primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug trials are currently done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different
“Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans,”he said. This is especially useful in testing drugs for neural(神经的) diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, metabolic syndrome(代谢综合症) and immune system diseases, and tumors, he added.
“This achievement will help China lead the world research in the international science projects related to neural mapping of primate brains, "he said. "However, bio labs from the United States, Japan, and European countries are also very capable, and they will quickly catch up with China after the monkey cloning technology is made public, "Sun added.
“This means we have to innovate continuously and work extra hard this year to stay ahead," he said.
1、Which of the following is the most important factor in cloning macaques named "Zhong Zhong" and "Hua Hua"?
A．Reproductive cells. B．Somatic cells
C．Neural mapping. D．Genetic makeup
2、Why is cloning monkeys so difficult?
A．Because it is bad for our environment.
B．Because each monkey might have different genes.
C．Because monkeys' genetic makeup is as complicated as humans.
D．Because it is too expensive to work on their genetic makeup.
3、What is the main idea of Paragraph 8?
A．The cure for neural diseases.
B．The process of cloning monkeys.
C．The significance of cloning monkeys.
D．The close relations between monkeys and humans.
4、What can we infer from this passage?
A．More effective medicine will be produced.
B．Drug trials on lab mice will be abandoned.
C．China is the first country to have cloned monkeys.
D．China will stay ahead of the world in cloning.
24．（8分）Two Interesting Stories
Shaving Away the Eyebrows
Si Burgher had some of the longest eyebrows in Indiana. They were so long that he had to brush them every day so that they did not look like a wild hair. They measured more than three inches in length. However, according to NBC News, the one thing that was even more important to him was the Bloomfield Rotary Club’s campaign to end polio (脊髓灰质炎). According to MSN.com, it started out as a light-hearted joke in which his fellow club members said that people would probably pay to trim (修剪) his eyebrows. After thinking about it, Burgher agreed.
Tickets for trimming Burghers eyebrows started at $100 for a swipe (刮) with the razor. The first person in line was his wife. With each eyebrow taking eight swipes to finish off, Burgher managed to raise $ 1,600 for the polio cure. His wife told reporters that she was delighted with his new look and that it made him look kind and handsome.
Stunt (特技) Driving
According to the report from World of D, Sue Harding hated the stereotype (成见) that librarians were boring just as much as she cared for the doctors and nurses in the Warwickshire and Northampton Air Ambulance Service. She came up with the idea to get rid of the stereotype by involving herself in a stunt driving course. In the process she raised funds. According to the Times, people could come out and watch. All earnings were to be donated to the Warwickshire and Northampton Air Ambulance Service.
When the big day came, her stunt driving skills turned out to be quite impressive for a librarian. She put the stunt car through the paces, throwing handbreak turns and following the speed and shoot chase formation. Not only did it get rid of the stereotype but it also raised money for the Ambulance Service.
1、What caused Si Burgher to have his eyebrows trimmed?
A．The club members’ joke. B．A report from NBC News.
C．His wife’s encouragement. D．His wish for handsomeness.
2、What is Sue Harding?
A．A reporter. B．A librarian.
C．A doctor. D．A nurse.
3、What did Si Burgher and Sue Harding have in common?
A．They collected money for others. B．They paid for interesting stories.
C．They took part in a club’s campaign. D．They were tired of their boring jobs.
25．（10分） Depression and suicidal thoughts have doubled in young Americans, according to a new study from the American Psychological Association.
Likely triggers? Cell phones and social media.
“More US adolescents and young adults in the late 20s, vs the mid-10s, experienced serious psychological distress, major depression and more attempted suicide (自杀)”, says lead researcher Jean Twenge, professor of psychology at San Diego State University. “These trends are w
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