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八年级英语上册-Chapter-Four-Language-and-Speaking语法重难点讲解-牛津沈阳版.doc

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Chapter Four 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容:        Chapter Four: language and speaking   二. 重点、难点 1. 祈使句(Imperative Sentence) 定义:祈使句是用来表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止的句子。祈使句最常用于表达请求、命令。 (1)祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为动词原形,句末则使用句号来表示结束。如: Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。(表命令) Be quiet, please. (Please be quiet.) 请安静。(表请求) (2)肯定结构: ①Do型(即:动词原形+宾语+其他成分)。如: Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可以省略。如: This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 ②Be型 (即:Be+表语+其他成分)。如: Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! ③Let型(即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分)。如: Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 (3)否定结构:     ① Do 型和Be型的否定式都在句首加don’t构成。如:     Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我!     Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到!     ② Let型的否定式有两种:     “Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分”如:     Don’t let him go. / Let him not go.别让他走。 ③有些祈使句可用no开头,用来表示禁止。如: No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! (4)“Let”开头的祈使句 由“Let”开头的祈使句是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种: ①表示“建议”。 在此句型里,let后面要跟第一人称的代词宾格形式。如: Let me try. 该句型语气委婉,比Don’t开头的祈使句客气。试比较: Don’t disturb him.        Let’s not disturb him. ②表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。 在此句型中,let后面要跟第三人称代词宾格形式或名词。如: Just let her try! 就让她试试吧! Let each man decide for himself. 让每个人自己决定吧! (5)使用“let”的祈使句时,必须注意以下几点: ①“let”的否定式有两种形式:“Don’t let …”和 “Let … not”。     如果宾语是第三人称用“Don’t let …”;如果宾语是第一人称,则用“Let…not”。 如:     Don’t let this type of things happen again.    It’s raining now. Let’s not go out until after the rain. ②“Let”适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态。如:     Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.     Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. ③“Let”后面跟不带“to”的不定式,还可以是某些副词:out,in,down,alone等。 如:     Let the puppy out.     Open the windows and let the fresh air in.     The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.     Let me alone, please. ④用“Let’s”时把谈话者的对象包括在内;用“let us”时,并不包括对方。如: Let’s try it, shall we? Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 2. David, pay attention. 大卫,请注意。 pay attention to 注意…… pay attention to your pronunciation. 请注意你的发音。   数词概述: 数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。 数词的种类: 基数词和序数词。 1. 基数词的构成 1-12 单独记: one, two, three , four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 13-19词尾为-teen. e.g: thirteen, fourteen, fifteen 20, 30, 40逢十词尾为ty, twenty, thirty, forty 21-99在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。Eg: 73  seventy-three , 88 eighty-eight 101-999光说几百,再加and,再加末尾两位数。 Eg: 178 one hundred and seventy-eight    238 two hundred and thirty-eight 1000 以上的数词,先从后向前数, 每三位用一逗号隔开 第一个逗号表示thousand(千), 第二逗号表示million(百万), 第三个逗号表示billion(十亿),然后一节一节用几百几十几的方法。 Eg: 1004 one thousand and four    147258 one hundred and forty-seven thousand , two hundred and fifty-eight    18657421 eighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand , four hundred and twenty-one 注意:在这类数词中hundred, thousand, million, billion等词一般都用单数形式。 序数词的记忆口诀: 一,二,三要单独记, One-first, two-second, three-third th 要从四加起, fourth, sixth, eight , 少个t, eighth nine 去掉e, nine-ninth v 要用f来代替 five-fifth, twelve-twelfth ty就成tie, twenty-twentieth 若问“几十几”或“几百几”, 只变个位记心里, twenty-one—twenty-first   重点句子: 1. Please have a seat.请坐。sit (v.) 动词, 意思是坐,seat(n.)意思是座位。 2. pay attention 注意 3. add 3 and 9 ( 3 +9) 4. subtract 3 from 9 (9-3) 5. multiply 3 by 9 ( 3 ×9) 6. divide 9 by 3 ( 9÷3) 7. 3 plus 9 equals/is 12 ( 3+9=12) 8. 9 minus 3 equals/ is 6 (9-3=6) 9. 3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 27( 3×9=27)   10. 9 divided by 3 equals /is 3( 9÷3=3)   重点习题: 1. This is a meeting of the world’s most ______ ( power, powerful) countries. 2. I played tennis five ______ ( times, time) last week. 3. The ______ ( alive , living) things can’t live without air or water. 4. The Chinese ______ ( invented, invention ) the compass. 5. 13 is an ______ ( odd, even) number. 6. He was ______ ( amusing, amused) to hear the news. 7. ______ higher, and you will see the house.        A If you stand        B. To stand     C. When you stand        D. stand 8. ______ forget to wire to me when you _____ get there next Tuesday. A. Don’t, will         B. Please, will        C. Please,/             D. Don’t,/ 9. Could you tell me _____ to do next? Nothing more. Let’s have a rest. A. why                  B. when                C. what                 D. how 10. Tell the boys _____ in the classroom. A. don’t make a noise           B. not to make noise C. not to make a noise          D. not make a noise 11. Let’s ______ our time. A. not waste          B. no wasting         C. not to waste                    D. no waste 12. _______ rude to your classmates.        A. Don’t be           B. Isn’t                 C. Be not              D. Aren’t 13. How many people are there? About _______.        A. five hundred      B. five hundreds     C. hundreds           D. hundreds of 14. Usually children have ______ holiday in summer.        A. an 8-week         B. a 8-week           C. an 8-weeks        D. a 8-weeks 15. This room is ______ than that one.        A. two time bigger more                     B. twice bigger        C. two time bigger                       D. two times more bigger 16. When were you born? I was born ______. A. in Oct.8,1990                         B. in 1990, Oct.8 C. on Oct.8, 1990                       D. on 1990, Oct.8 - 3 - 用心 爱心 专心
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