英文花卉术语.doc

Flower Vocabulary

Angiosperm – a flowering plant
Anther – part of the stamen that contains the pollen, located on the filament
Androecium – refers to all the parts that make up the male part of the flower; all of the stamens together
Bract – leaves that are found at the base of the pedicle of the flower, can sometimes have bright colors and look like petals (as in bougainvilleas)
Caylx – all of the sepals together
Carpel – general term for the female organ of the flower, including the ovary, ovules, style and stigma
Carpellate flower - one that only has female parts
Corolla – term used to describe all of the petals of a flower; all of the petals together
Cross-pollination – when a plant is pollinated by pollen from another plant of the same species
Dispersal – the process of distributing seeds to other locations, usually through wind, water, or an animal carrier
Dioecious – plants that have carpellate (female) and staminate (male) flowers on separate individual plants; plants that have separate “male” and “female” individuals
Embryo - the young, unformed plant within the seed
Endosperm – the nutritive tissue of the seed, provides nutrients for the embryo
Filament – part of the androecium that supports the anther
Fertilization – the union of two gametes that results in the formation of an embryo or seed
Fruit – a structure that contains the seeds of a plant (it is not always edible)
Gametes - a mature male or female germ cell usually possessing one set of chromosomes, capable of forming a new individual that has two sets of chromosomes by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex
Gynoecium – refers to all the parts that make up the female part of the flower; all of the carpels together
Inflorescence – a group of flowers on a stem; a flower cluster
Monoecious – plants that have separate carpellate (female) and staminate (male) flowers on a single individual
Nectar – a liquid sugar substance which some flowers produce as an attractant and reward for insect and animal pollinators
Ovary – part of the gynoecium that contains the ovules, the part that becomes the fruit
Ovule – area in the ovary that contains the egg, is fertilized and develops into a seed
Pedicel – the stalk or stem that supports the flower
Perianth – the outer whorls of the flower, including the sepals and petals
Perfect flower – a flower with both male and female parts.
Petal – structures that surround the sex organs of the flower, often serve as advertisements to pollinators
Pistil – see carpel
Pistillate flower – see carpellate flower
Pollen – dust like particles that contain male gametes
Pollen tube - a tube that is formed by a pollen grain and conveys the sperm cells to the ovule
Pollination – the process of pollen being delivered to the stigma of a flower, the first step of fertilization
Pollination Syndrome – the characteristics of a flower such as shape, color and odor which to some degree help predict what pollinates it
Pollinator – an animal or insect which feeds on nectar, pollen or flower parts and inadvertently pollinates the flowers that it visits
Receptacle – part of the flower to which all sex organs and perianth structures (petals and sepals) are attached
Sepal – the whorl below the petals, leaf like structures that support other flower parts
Stamen – general term for the male organ of the flower, including the filament and anther
Staminate flower – one that has only male parts
Self compatible – a flower that is able to reproduce using its own pollen
Self incompatible – a flower that cannot reproduce using its own pollen, but requires pollen from another plant
Stigma – the receptive part of the gynoecium; where the pollen gets deposited
Style – part of the gynoecium that supports the stigma and connects the stigma to the ovary
Seed – structure that contains the embryo of a plant, which has the potential to produce a new plant
Tepals – when a flower does not have separate caylx (sepals) and corolla (petals), but only one whorl of perianth; looks like petals with no sepals
Whorl – an arrangement of three or more similar structures at a common point.  Flowers are arranged in whorls – the outermost whorl is the caylx (sepals), the next whorl is the corolla (petals), and the inner whorls consist of the androecium and gynoecium