资源描述
Materials Studio 案例1:
Au(111)表面自组装单层膜结构优化
目的:用Materials Studio(MS)软件对金表面自组装膜的结构进行优化。
模块:Minimizer
MS Discover 结构优化原理
分子的势能一般为键合(键长、键角、二面角、扭转角等)和非键合相互作用(静电作用、范德华作用等)能量项的加和,总势能是各类势能之和,如下式:
除了一些简单的分子以外,大多数的势能是分子中一些复杂形势的势能的组合。势能为分子中原子坐标的函数,由原子不同的坐标所得到的势能构成势能面(Potential Energy Surface,PES)。势能越低,构象越稳定,在系统中出现的机率越大;反之,势能越高,构象越不稳定,在系统中出现的机率越小。通常势能面可得到许多极小值的位置,其中对应于最低能量的点称为全局最小值(Global Energy Minimum),相当于分子最稳定的构象。由势能面求最低极小值的过程称为能量最小化(Energy Minimum),其所对应的结构为最优化结构(Optimized Structure),能量最小化过程,亦是结构优化的过程。
通过最小化算法进行结构优化时,应避免陷入局部最小值(local minimum),也就是避免仅得到某一构象附近的相对稳定的构象,而力求得到全局最小值,即实现全局优化。分子力学的最小化算法能较快进行能量优化,但它的局限性在于易陷入局部势阱,求得的往往是局部最小值,而要寻求全局最小值只能采用系统搜寻法或分子动力学法。在Materials Studio的Discover模块中,能量最小化算法有以下四种:
1)最陡下降法(Steepest Descent),为一经典的方法,通过迭代求导,对多变量的非线性目标函数极小化,按能量梯度相反的方向对坐标添加一位移,即能量函数的负梯度方向是目标函数最陡下降的方向,所以称为最陡下降法。此法计算简单,速度快,但在极小值附近收敛性不够好,造成移动方向正交。最陡下降法适用于优化的最初阶段。
2)共轭梯度法(Conjugate Gradient),在求导时,目标函数下降方向不是仅选取最陡下降法所采用的能量函数的负梯度方向,而是选取两个共轭梯度方向,即前次迭代时的能量函数负梯度方向与当前迭代时的能量函数负梯度方向的线性组合。此法收敛性较好,但对分子起始结构要求较高,因此常与最陡下降法联合使用,先用最陡下降法优化,再用共轭梯度法优化至收敛。
3)牛顿方法(Newton),以二阶导数方法求得极小值。此法的收敛很迅速,也常与最陡下降法联合使用。
4)综合法(Smart Minimizer),该方法可以混合最陡下降法,共轭梯度法和牛顿法进行结构优化,在MS中是可选择的。
点开各种方法后面的More,可设定收敛精度(Convergence),算法(Algorithm)和一维搜索(Line search,指每一次迭代中的精度)等。
Smart Minimizer中,只有共轭梯度法和牛顿法才可以选择不同的算法:
Smart Minimizer中,牛顿法可以设定最大的原子数,如果体系的原子数大于所设定的值,则计算是会自动地转为前面设定的收敛法(共轭梯度法或最陡下降法),收敛精度会改为共轭梯度法的默认收敛精度值。
Au(111)表面磺酸甜菜碱封端封端癸烷基硫醇自组装单层膜MS结构优化过程
盒子尺寸:34.609×29.970×91.91874Å
水层:20 Å,水密度为1g/cm3
真空层:40 Å(以避免镜像重叠,更好地模拟表面)
分子力学模拟设置
分子力场采用COMPASS,截断半径为12.5 Ǻ,计算范德华作用和库仑力作用的加和方法采用Atom Based,迭代方法采用Smart Minimizer。
计算结果
计算结果:
计算步数:27967
总势能: -13756.136539 kcal/mol
非键作用能:-12624.680243 kcal/mol
结果文件包括(1)Status文件(2)SimulationEnergies文件(3)参数文件(4)能量文件
结果文件
(1)Status文件 (txt文件格式)
Operation: minimize
Minimization Method/Stage:
CG (Fletcher-Reeves).
Step 27967
Maximum derivative: 0.252
CPU Time 4:08:38
-13756.14 Potential (kcal/mol)
--------
-14204.88 Electrostatic
11215.29 vdW Repulsive
-9635.09 vdW Dispersive
0.00 Hydrogen Bond
-12624.68 Nonbond (Total)
--------
872.94 Angle
387.32 Bond
-1872.15 Torsion
0.00 Out-of-Plane
-54.60 Restraint (Total)
--------
0.00 Distance
0.00 Angle
0.00 Torsion
(2)Simulation Energies
(3)计算参数文件(显示计算的各种参数设置)
#BIOSYM btcl 3
#
# Input File For Discover Generated By Materials Studio
# Input Client Model Document: D:\Materials Studio Projects\SA-H2O Files\Documents\4a-SA-para-0-Layer Disco Min\4a-SA-para-0-Layer.xsd
# Job: [SPJP0] - 4a-SA-para-0-Layer Disco Min
#
autoEcho off
#
# Begin Forcefield Section
begin forcefield = compass
#
# Nonbond section:
forcefield nonbond \
-separate_coulomb \
vdw \
summation_method = atom_based \
cutoff = 15.50 \
spline_width = 5.00 \
buffer_width = 2.00 \
coulomb \
dielectric_value = 1.0000
#
# vdW long range energy correction
vdWTailCorrection 15.50
#
# Fix constrained Atom subset
setAtomMovability fixed 2__fix \
"MDF_FIXED_ATOMS_SUBSET"
# End Forcefield Section
#
# Minimization Section:
minimize \
method = newton \
iteration_limit = 200000 \
sd \
convergence = 1000.0000000 \
line_search_precision = 0.0100000 \
cg \
convergence = 10.0000000 \
line_search_precision = 0.0100000 \
method = fletcher \
newton \
convergence = 0.0000100 \
line_search_precision = 0.0100000 \
max_atoms = 200 \
method = bfgs
#
# Write coordinate file:
writeFile coordinate filename = .cor
(4)结果文件
DISCOVER Molecular Simulation Program
Version: 2008.2
Build: Nov 14 2008
Date: Tue Nov 03 15:01:14 2009
Host Name: MicroSoft
Host Type: Windows
Threads: 1
---------------------------------------------------------------
Checked out license feature: MS_discover_MP <v2008.09> [for LSD] (1 copy)
---------------------------------------------------------------
randomSeed is set to 231694
Line 7:BTCL> autoEcho off
---------------------------------------------------------------
Checked out license feature: MS_compass_MP <v2008.09> [for LSD] (1 copy)
---------------------------------------------------------------
INPUT FILES
___________
File Type Name
--------- ----
Forcefield D:\PROGRA~1\Accelrys\MATERI~1.4\etc\Gateway\..\..\share\Discover\res/compass.frc
Molecular data 4a-SA-para-0-Layer.mdf
Coordinate 4a-SA-para-0-Layer.car
Periodic Boundary Conditions
____________________________
Length (A) Angle (degrees)
---------- ---------------
a 34.60900 alpha 90.00000
b 29.97000 beta 90.00000
c 91.91870 gamma 90.00000
MOLECULAR TOPOLOGY
__________________
Number of molecules: 731
Number of residues: 731
Number of atoms: 4422 (asymmetric unit: 4422)
Number of atom types: 10
Number of bonds: 3260
Number of consolidated angles: 4366
Number of consolidated torsions: 5184
Number of bond_bond_1_3s: 5184
Number of angle-angles: 7344
FORCEFIELD OPTIONS
__________________
Filename : compass.frc
Definition name : cff91
Version : 2.8
Last modification date : 3/6/2007
# of automatic parameters : 0
Warning: Energy: The simulation box is not neutral.
NONBOND ENERGY CUTOFFS
______________________
Cutoff (A) Spline Width (A) Buffer Width (A)
vdW 15.50 5.00 2.00
Coulomb 15.50 5.00 2.00
Summation method for vdW : Atom based
Summation method for Coulomb : Atom based
Dielectric : 1.00
NOTE: Pressure and energy tail corrections will be added to all subsequent energy evaluations
Warning: Minimize: The number of atoms in the system (4422) exceeds the maximum
number allowed for the Newton minimization method (200):
Switching to Conjugate Gradient method.
MOLECULAR TOPOLOGY
__________________
Number of molecules: 731
Number of residues: 731
Number of atoms: 4422 (asymmetric unit: 4422)
Number of atom types: 10
Number of bonds: 3260
Number of consolidated angles: 4366
Number of consolidated torsions: 5184
Number of bond_bond_1_3s: 5184
Number of angle-angles: 7344
FORCEFIELD OPTIONS
__________________
Filename : compass.frc
Definition name : cff91
Version : 2.8
Last modification date : 3/6/2007
# of automatic parameters : 0
NONBOND ENERGY CUTOFFS
______________________
Cutoff (A) Spline Width (A) Buffer Width (A)
vdW 15.50 5.00 2.00
Coulomb 15.50 5.00 2.00
Summation method for vdW : Atom based
Summation method for Coulomb : Atom based
Dielectric : 1.00
Minimize: Successful completion
Maximum derivative = 0.000949
Last method used = Conjugate Gradient (Fletcher_Reeves)
Total number of iterations = 27972
Total number of function calls = 55492
CPU time used = 14920.25 seconds
MINIMIZATION ENERGY SUMMARY
___________________________
Initial Final
------- -----
Total Potential energy -11689.873604 -13756.136539
Internal -686.614015 -1076.860996
bond 424.447413 387.318135
angle 1095.490260 872.943479
torsion -1757.593143 -1872.147541
out_of_plane 0.000000 0.000000
cross -448.958544 -464.975068
bond_bond -3.253106 -3.881642
bond_angle -78.444371 -82.985094
end_bond_torsion 0.260614 -0.106944
middle_bond_torsion -44.013982 -44.072763
angle_torsion -188.204727 -213.443141
angle_angle_torsion -141.600100 -125.146540
bond_bond_1_3 0.000000 0.000000
angle_angle 6.297128 4.661054
torsion_torsion 0.000000 0.000000
oop_oop 0.000000 0.000000
nonbond -10948.664289 -12624.680243
vdW 1972.774597 1580.197415
vdW_repulsive 11503.595673 11215.286324
vdW_dispersive -9530.821077 -9635.088909
electrostatic -12921.438885 -14204.877658
hydrogenbond 0.000000 0.000000
restraint -54.595300 -54.595300
tethering_restraint 0.000000 0.000000
distance_restraint 0.000000 0.000000
angle_restraint 0.000000 0.000000
torsion_restraint 0.000000 0.000000
oop_restraint 0.000000 0.000000
chiral_restraint 0.000000 0.000000
btcl_restraint -54.595300 -54.595300
Total time used by DISCOVER: 4 hours 8 mins 41.22 secs (14921.22 secs)
Completion date: Tue Nov 03 20:08:49 2009
Exiting Discover: status OK.
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