1、 Materials Studio 案例1: Au(111)表面自组装单层膜结构优化 目的:用Materials Studio(MS)软件对金表面自组装膜的结构进行优化。 模块:Minimizer MS Discover 结构优化原理 分子的势能一般为键合(键长、键角、二面角、扭转角等)和非键合相互作用(静电作用、范德华作用等)能量项的加和,总势能是各类势能之和,如下式: 除了一些简单的分子以外,大多数的势能是分子中一些复杂形势的势能的组合。势能为分子中原子坐标的函数,由原子不同的坐标所得到的势能构成势能面(Potential Energy Surface,PES
2、势能越低,构象越稳定,在系统中出现的机率越大;反之,势能越高,构象越不稳定,在系统中出现的机率越小。通常势能面可得到许多极小值的位置,其中对应于最低能量的点称为全局最小值(Global Energy Minimum),相当于分子最稳定的构象。由势能面求最低极小值的过程称为能量最小化(Energy Minimum),其所对应的结构为最优化结构(Optimized Structure),能量最小化过程,亦是结构优化的过程。 通过最小化算法进行结构优化时,应避免陷入局部最小值(local minimum),也就是避免仅得到某一构象附近的相对稳定的构象,而力求得到全局最小值,即实现全局优化。分子
3、力学的最小化算法能较快进行能量优化,但它的局限性在于易陷入局部势阱,求得的往往是局部最小值,而要寻求全局最小值只能采用系统搜寻法或分子动力学法。在Materials Studio的Discover模块中,能量最小化算法有以下四种: 1)最陡下降法(Steepest Descent),为一经典的方法,通过迭代求导,对多变量的非线性目标函数极小化,按能量梯度相反的方向对坐标添加一位移,即能量函数的负梯度方向是目标函数最陡下降的方向,所以称为最陡下降法。此法计算简单,速度快,但在极小值附近收敛性不够好,造成移动方向正交。最陡下降法适用于优化的最初阶段。 2)共轭梯度法(Conjugate Gra
4、dient),在求导时,目标函数下降方向不是仅选取最陡下降法所采用的能量函数的负梯度方向,而是选取两个共轭梯度方向,即前次迭代时的能量函数负梯度方向与当前迭代时的能量函数负梯度方向的线性组合。此法收敛性较好,但对分子起始结构要求较高,因此常与最陡下降法联合使用,先用最陡下降法优化,再用共轭梯度法优化至收敛。 3)牛顿方法(Newton),以二阶导数方法求得极小值。此法的收敛很迅速,也常与最陡下降法联合使用。 4)综合法(Smart Minimizer),该方法可以混合最陡下降法,共轭梯度法和牛顿法进行结构优化,在MS中是可选择的。 点开各种方法后面的More,可设定收敛精度
5、Convergence),算法(Algorithm)和一维搜索(Line search,指每一次迭代中的精度)等。 Smart Minimizer中,只有共轭梯度法和牛顿法才可以选择不同的算法: Smart Minimizer中,牛顿法可以设定最大的原子数,如果体系的原子数大于所设定的值,则计算是会自动地转为前面设定的收敛法(共轭梯度法或最陡下降法),收敛精度会改为共轭梯度法的默认收敛精度值。 Au(111)表面磺酸甜菜碱封端封端癸烷基硫醇自组装单层膜MS结构优化过程 盒子尺寸:34.609×29.970×91.91874Å 水层:20 Å,水密度为1g/c
6、m3 真空层:40 Å(以避免镜像重叠,更好地模拟表面) 分子力学模拟设置 分子力场采用COMPASS,截断半径为12.5 Ǻ,计算范德华作用和库仑力作用的加和方法采用Atom Based,迭代方法采用Smart Minimizer。 计算结果 计算结果: 计算步数:27967 总势能: -13756.136539 kcal/mol 非键作用能:-12624.680243 kcal/mol 结果文件包括(1)Status文件(2)SimulationEnergies文件(3)参数文件(4)能量文件 结果文件 (1)Status文件 (t
7、xt文件格式) Operation: minimize Minimization Method/Stage: CG (Fletcher-Reeves). Step 27967 Maximum derivative: 0.252 CPU Time 4:08:38 -13756.14 Potential (kcal/mol) -------- -14204.88 Electrostatic 11215.29 vdW Repulsive -9635.09 vdW Dispersive
8、0.00 Hydrogen Bond -12624.68 Nonbond (Total) -------- 872.94 Angle 387.32 Bond -1872.15 Torsion 0.00 Out-of-Plane -54.60 Restraint (Total) -------- 0.00 Distance 0.00 Angle 0.00 Torsion (2)Simulation Energies (3)计算参数文件
9、显示计算的各种参数设置) #BIOSYM btcl 3 # # Input File For Discover Generated By Materials Studio # Input Client Model Document: D:\Materials Studio Projects\SA-H2O Files\Documents\4a-SA-para-0-Layer Disco Min\4a-SA-para-0-Layer.xsd # Job: [SPJP0] - 4a-SA-para-0-Layer Disco Min # autoEcho of
10、f # # Begin Forcefield Section begin forcefield = compass # # Nonbond section: forcefield nonbond \ -separate_coulomb \ vdw \ summation_method = atom_based \ cutoff = 15.50 \ spline_width = 5.00 \ buffer_width = 2.00 \ coulomb \ dielectr
11、ic_value = 1.0000 # # vdW long range energy correction vdWTailCorrection 15.50 # # Fix constrained Atom subset setAtomMovability fixed 2__fix \ "MDF_FIXED_ATOMS_SUBSET" # End Forcefield Section # # Minimization Section: minimize \ method = newton \ iteration_limit =
12、200000 \ sd \ convergence = 1000.0000000 \ line_search_precision = 0.0100000 \ cg \ convergence = 10.0000000 \ line_search_precision = 0.0100000 \ method = fletcher \ newton \ convergence = 0.
13、0000100 \ line_search_precision = 0.0100000 \ max_atoms = 200 \ method = bfgs # # Write coordinate file: writeFile coordinate filename = .cor (4)结果文件 DISCOVER Molecular Simulation Program Version: 2008.2 Build: Nov 14 2008 Date:
14、 Tue Nov 03 15:01:14 2009
Host Name: MicroSoft
Host Type: Windows
Threads: 1
---------------------------------------------------------------
Checked out license feature: MS_discover_MP
15、
randomSeed is set to 231694
Line 7:BTCL> autoEcho off
---------------------------------------------------------------
Checked out license feature: MS_compass_MP
16、 File Type Name --------- ---- Forcefield D:\PROGRA~1\Accelrys\MATERI~1.4\etc\Gateway\..\..\share\Discover\res/compass.frc Molecular data 4a-SA-para-0-Layer.mdf Coordinate 4a-SA-para-0-Layer.car Periodic Boundary Conditions ____________________________ Length (A) Angle (degrees
17、) ---------- --------------- a 34.60900 alpha 90.00000 b 29.97000 beta 90.00000 c 91.91870 gamma 90.00000 MOLECULAR TOPOLOGY __________________ Number of molecules: 731 Number of residues: 731 Number of atoms: 4422 (asymmetric unit: 4422) Number of atom t
18、ypes: 10 Number of bonds: 3260 Number of consolidated angles: 4366 Number of consolidated torsions: 5184 Number of bond_bond_1_3s: 5184 Number of angle-angles: 7344 FORCEFIELD OPTIONS __________________ Filename : compass.frc Definition name : cff91 Version :
19、2.8 Last modification date : 3/6/2007 # of automatic parameters : 0 Warning: Energy: The simulation box is not neutral. NONBOND ENERGY CUTOFFS ______________________ Cutoff (A) Spline Width (A) Buffer Width (A) vdW 15.50 5.00 2.00 Coulomb 15.50 5.00
20、2.00 Summation method for vdW : Atom based Summation method for Coulomb : Atom based Dielectric : 1.00 NOTE: Pressure and energy tail corrections will be added to all subsequent energy evaluations Warning: Minimize: The number of atoms in the system (4422) exceeds the maximum number allo
21、wed for the Newton minimization method (200): Switching to Conjugate Gradient method. MOLECULAR TOPOLOGY __________________ Number of molecules: 731 Number of residues: 731 Number of atoms: 4422 (asymmetric unit: 4422) Number of atom types: 10 Number of bonds: 3260 Nu
22、mber of consolidated angles: 4366 Number of consolidated torsions: 5184 Number of bond_bond_1_3s: 5184 Number of angle-angles: 7344 FORCEFIELD OPTIONS __________________ Filename : compass.frc Definition name : cff91 Version : 2.8 Last modification date : 3/6/2007
23、 # of automatic parameters : 0 NONBOND ENERGY CUTOFFS ______________________ Cutoff (A) Spline Width (A) Buffer Width (A) vdW 15.50 5.00 2.00 Coulomb 15.50 5.00 2.00 Summation method for vdW : Atom based Summation method for Coulomb : Atom based Dielec
24、tric : 1.00 Minimize: Successful completion Maximum derivative = 0.000949 Last method used = Conjugate Gradient (Fletcher_Reeves) Total number of iterations = 27972 Total number of function calls = 55492 CPU time used
25、 = 14920.25 seconds MINIMIZATION ENERGY SUMMARY ___________________________ Initial Final ------- ----- Total Potential energy -11689.873604
26、 -13756.136539 Internal -686.614015 -1076.860996 bond 424.447413 387.318135 angle 1095.490260 872.943479 torsion -1757.59314
27、3 -1872.147541 out_of_plane 0.000000 0.000000 cross -448.958544 -464.975068 bond_bond -3.253106 -3.881642 bond_angle
28、 -78.444371 -82.985094 end_bond_torsion 0.260614 -0.106944 middle_bond_torsion -44.013982 -44.072763 angle_torsion -188.204727 -213.443141 angle_angle_torsion
29、 -141.600100 -125.146540 bond_bond_1_3 0.000000 0.000000 angle_angle 6.297128 4.661054 torsion_torsion 0.000000 0.000000 oop_oop
30、 0.000000 0.000000 nonbond -10948.664289 -12624.680243 vdW 1972.774597 1580.197415 vdW_repulsive 11503.595673 11215.286324
31、 vdW_dispersive -9530.821077 -9635.088909 electrostatic -12921.438885 -14204.877658 hydrogenbond 0.000000 0.000000 restraint -54.595300
32、 -54.595300 tethering_restraint 0.000000 0.000000 distance_restraint 0.000000 0.000000 angle_restraint 0.000000 0.000000 torsion_restraint 0.000000
33、 0.000000 oop_restraint 0.000000 0.000000 chiral_restraint 0.000000 0.000000 btcl_restraint -54.595300 -54.595300 Total time used by DISCOVER: 4 hours 8 mins 41.22 secs (14921.22 secs) Completion date: Tue Nov 03 20:08:49 2009 Exiting Discover: status OK. 12
©2010-2025 宁波自信网络信息技术有限公司 版权所有
客服电话:4009-655-100 投诉/维权电话:18658249818