冲刺高考：翻译题考点分析与方法指导.doc

翻译题考点分析与方法指导高考英语翻译题测试目标与命题走向高考英语翻译题要求考生根据括号里所提示的单词将句子从汉语译成英语。测试目标：凡议题主要考查考生对词汇，语法和句型结构的综合运用能力，3分题设有两个考核点，4分题设有3个考核点。命题走向：翻译题不仅考查考生对所学英语基础知识的掌握程度，而且还要在一定程度上考查考生对中英两种语言表达差异的敏感性，要求考生将汉语的意思用符合英语语言习惯的句子表达出来。如：我不需要买新车，我的那辆旧车还很好。（condition） 今天下午我没空，我和牙医有约。(appointment) 如果你方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。(convenient) I dont need to buy a new car because my old one is in good condition.I am not available this afternoon because I have an appointment with my dentist.If it is convenient to you, please fetch the parcel for me from the post office.高考英语翻译题评分标准第1-4题，每题3分，第5-6题，每题4分在每题中，单词拼写，标点符号，大小写错误累计两处扣一分。语法错误每处扣1分，每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。 译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。 考核点错误，3分题，每处扣一分；4分题，每处扣1.5三高考英语翻译题常设考点以动名词做主语的考点测试特点以动名词做主语是高考翻译题的常设考点之一。受中文影响，翻译时常见的错误是用动名词原形做译文的主语。英语语法知识告诉我们：动名词原形不可以做主语，因此遇到这类试题时，我们应考虑用动名词做主语来翻译。以动名词做主语时必须注意两个要点：在这类句子的中文原文的句首一般出现的是动词或动宾搭配；在语法上，这个动词或动宾搭配就做后一个动词的主语。动名词做主语时，谓语动词必须用单数形式。高考典型试题举例长时间看电视有损视力。(harm) 多吃蔬菜和水果有益于健康。(good) 勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。(avoid) 充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。(keep) Watching TV for a long time does harm to ones eyesight.Having more vegetables and fruits does good to / is good for health.Washing hand frequently/regularly is one of the effective means of avoiding the disease infection/ being infected.Making full use of time doesnt mean keeping reading books from day/ morning to night.强化训练吃太多的甜食容易使人发胖。(likely) 大量服用这种药会产生副作用。(effect) 丢失那条名贵的项链使珍妮很不开心。(make) 听愉快的音乐有助于从疲劳中恢复过来。(help) 广泛的阅读是扩大词汇量的最有效途径之一。(enlarge) 定期复习课文可以使我们更好地掌握已学的知识。(enable) 大量砍伐树木已经对生态平衡带来了严重的影响。(upset) 晚饭后看一会儿电视已成了我长期养成的一个习惯。(habit) Eating too much sweet food is likely to make people (get/become) fat.Taking this kind of medicine too much will/ can cause/lead to side effect.Losing that valuable/ expensive necklace made Jane unhappy.Listening to pleasant/ enjoyable music helps people recover from tiredness/ keeps us refreshed.Reading widely/ extensively is one of the most effective ways to enlarge ones vocabulary.Getting over the lessons regularly enables us to better master the knowledge we have learned.Cutting down a lot of/ a large number of trees has greatly/seriously upset the balance of nature.Watching TV for a while after supper has already become my long established habit/ a habit that I had developed for a long time.以“IT”用法为主的考点测试特点 “IT”的用法也是高考翻译的常设考点。这类考题一般所以两种形式出现：一类是给出括号中的提示词“（It）/（it）”；另一类是虽然没有给出提示词“IT”，但分析题目之后会发现该题仍测试“IT”的用法。 高考翻译题以“IT”用法为主的考点主要集中在以下几个方面；做形式主语。括号里的提示词一般为“（It）”，常用句型结构为：It is/was +adj. +of/for sb. to do sth做形式宾语。括号里的提示词一般为“（it）”。是否需要用形式宾语翻译往往取决于句子中的动词，含又以下动词的句子可以考虑使用形式宾语来翻译：think, feel, find, keep, make, hate, love, take, appreciate等.如：More and more people find it necessary to learn English./ I think it very difficult to work out such a math problem./ I would appreciate it if you could open the door for me./ I hate it when people speak loudly over their mobile phone in public places.强调句形“it is /was that 用强调句形翻译时，中文里一般会出现“是；“正是”之类的提示语，括号里若给提示词，一般也为“（it）”如: It is because of his perseverance that led to his success.固定句式。固定句式中的“IT”也经常做形式宾语，其中包括；It is said ( believed, reported, estimated) that/ It (so) happened that/ It seems that / It is likely that/ It (never) occurred to sb. that / It is known (to sb.) that 等。高考典型试题举例:众所周知，吸烟会导致许多疾病。(It) 据报道，近年来我国许多地方发生了严重的洪灾。(occur) 据说在那个湖底发现了一个古城的遗址。(discover) 我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。(occur) 那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。(It) 我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(it) It is known to all that smoking can lead to/cause /give rise to many diseases.It is reported that some terrible/serious floods have occurred in many areas/ parts of our country in recent years.3. It is said that a site/relic of an ancient/old city was discovered at the bottom of that lake. 4. It never occurred to me that Tom could/would be elected as Chairman of the Students Union。5. It is very difficult for those who havent been to the little /small village to describe its beauty.6. I find it very difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 强化训练汤姆很有可能乘错车了。(It) 约翰来拜访我时我碰巧不在家。(happen) 我很讨厌人们满嘴食物时大声说话。(it) 据报道，飞机失事是由引擎故障引起的。(result) 我们已经定好了规矩，开会迟到的要惩罚。(it) 他清楚地表明在任何情况下他是不会放弃的。(it) 正是这种英语听说能力为他赢得了这个好机会。(earn) 众所周知，成功来自于勤奋，不努力则一事无成。(It) 9你要记住九点前你必须回家，否则就会遇到麻烦。(Keep) 10据估计，将有50万国内外客人来参观2010年上海世博会。（It） It is very likely that Tom has got on a wrong bus /has taken the wrong bus.It so happened that I wasnt at home when John came to call on/visit me.I very much hate it when people speak loudly with their mouths full of food.It is reported that the air crash resulted from the failure of the engine.We have made it a rule that whoever/anyone who is late for the meeting will be punished.He has made it clear that he wont give up under any circumstances./in any case.It is the listening and speaking abilities in English that earn him the good chance.It is known to all that success comes from diligence and without efforts, nothing can be achieved.Keep in mind that you must get back home before 9, or youll get into/come across/meet with trouble.It is estimated that there will be more than 500 thousand guests from both home and abroad coming to visit /who will come to visit the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai.It is estimated that over 500,000 guests from both home and abroad will come to visit the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai.（三），以倒装句型为主的考点测试特点：自2001年起，以倒装句型为主的考点成为了高考翻译题的常设考点，关于倒装句型的考核每年在语法或翻译题中轮流出现。在高考翻译题中测试倒装句型一般以部分倒装为主，并且会给出明显的提示词，提示词一般是将含有否定意义的词如Never，Seldom, Little，Hardly，No sooner等或“Only”或“So”等放句首大写。因此，是否需要用倒装句型翻译取决于提示词的性质和句意的需要。用倒装句型进行翻译时必须注意两个要点：正确运用倒装句型的语法规范和句型结构；注意句中的时态用法和前后呼应关系。：我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。(Never) 除实验室外，这位科学家很少去其他地方。(Seldom) 他亲自到了中国后才意识到他对中国的了解是何等肤浅。(Only) 这孩子太调皮了，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So) Never before has our country been so powerful like today.Seldom does the scientist go other places except to laboratory.Only when he / after came to china himself in person did he realize how poor his knowledge of china was.So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.你很少会见到他发脾气。(Seldom) 读报之前我对这起事件一无所知。(Not until) 不懂规则你几乎无法欣赏这种比赛。(Hardly) 他一穿上外衣就匆忙朝银行方向走去。(No sooner) 他一生中从未离开过他出生成长的家乡。(Never) 只有充满信心你才可能在面试中取得成功。(Only) 到了那里你才会知道那儿的景色真是妙不可言。(Only) 这个问题太复杂了，没有人能用三言两语解释清楚。(So) 尽管对太空进行了不少报道，我们对它还知之甚少。(Little) 10 无论如何你都不允许把这个最高机密透露给任何人。(Under) Seldom do you find him lose his temper.Not until I read the newspaper did I know something about the accident / matter/ this case.Hardly can you appreciate this kind of match/ game without knowing the rules.No sooner had he put on his overcoat than he went in the direction of the bank.Never before has he left his hometown in his life.Only when you are full of confidence are you likely to achieve success in the interview.Only when you arrive there can you know how attractive/ fantastic the scenery there is.So complicated is the problem that nobody can explain it clearly in a few words.Little have we known about the space in spite of /despite many reports about it.Under no circumstances/ By no means/ On no account/ In no way/ In no sense are you allowed to reveal/ expose the top secret to anyone.（四）. 以连词为主的考点测试特点考核连接词的使用能力几乎是高考翻译题每年必设的考点，涉及到时间，条件，让步等从句连词。以连词为主的考点必须注意两个要点：正确判断所给连词在句中所表示的关系；正确运用状语从句等语法知识，合理组织句型结构，注意前后时态关系。此外，必须注意：在翻译题中有很多长句，其括号里的提示词并不是连词，但翻译是必须自己补充恰当的连词来连接前后两句句子，以符合语言习惯，决不可用逗号连接句子，这是高考翻译题的隐含考点。我们将进一步的讨论，然后再做出最终结论。(before) 如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。(unless) 请尽早做出决定，不然你回坐失良机。(or) 你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。(once) 你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式，不然就要迟到。(or) 他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务，同事们对他刮目相看。(so) 这款手机式样新颖，携带方便，深受年轻人欢迎。(popular) We will discuss it further before we come to draw/ arrive at / reach /have a further discussion.Our school basketball will not beat/ defeat the opponents in the final match unless they cooperate well /strengthen their cooperation with each other. Please make the decision the sooner the better, or you will miss the chance.Once you develop a bad habit it will be very difficult to get rid of it.Youd better get to the opening of the Film Festival by taxi, or you will be late.He finished a difficult task on his own/ independently soon/ shortly after he entered the company.The mobile phone is fashionable/ modern in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with young.动动脑筋，否则你就会上他的当。(or) 你不说我根本不知道这是一场意外。(until) 不说出事实真相我是不会让你走的。(unless) 只要你努力，即使不成功也不会责怪你的。(blame) 我们正要欣赏扣人心弦的足球赛，突然天下起了大雨。(when) 去那个城市走走，你就会发现那儿的情况比想象的更糟.(and) 读了这本引人入胜的书我才对香港的历史有了更多地了解。(until) 过了许多年他才知道谁在困难的时候向他伸出了援助之手。(before) Use your brains, or you will be fooled/ cheated by him.I didnt know it was an accident at all until you told me about it.I wont let you go unless you tell me the truth.As long as you spare efforts, I wont blame you for the failure.We were about to enjoy the exciting football when it rained heavily suddenly.Go around that city and you will find that the situation is worse than expected/ imagined.Not until I read this attractive book did I make sense of the history of Hong Kong.It was many years before he knew who had afforded him a helping hand when he was in trouble.（五）、以动词或动词短语为主的考点【测试考点】考查动词或动词词组的运用能力是高考翻译题最常设置的考点之一。该考点有以下特点：所给的动词或动词短语会引起句中其它句子成分发生形态上的变化，如所提示的动词或动词短语后若接动词需要使用不定式、动名词等形式，或需要使用某个特定的句型才能正确使用该提示词等；所给的动词有时需要与其它词（特别是介词等）搭配使用，但需搭配的词要经思考才能确定；有些提示的动词较难在中文句子中找到其合适的位置，这需要细读中文原文后才能断定该动词代表原文中的哪部分意义。要熟练地把握好这一考点必须做到：熟悉词汇手册中的核心动词及动词短语；结合语法规则，熟练把握核心动词的相关词组、句型及搭配。【高考典型试题举例】我希望尽快收到你的照片。(hope)_因为大雨，校运会将不得不推迟。(put off)_小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help)_物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail)_你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)_是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。(agree)_这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的