资源描述
Two important festivals in China
1. Festival: Chinese New Year
Festival Location: China, Everywhere Chinese New Year is not celebrated on the same day each year, as is the celebration that is based on the Gregorian calendar. The Chinese calendar the entire lunar cycle of 60 years. The calendar also divides the year into 24 solar terms, which relate to nature and are important to people close to the land. An animal represents each of the twelve-year cycles, together that make up the Chinese zodiac. So what is the origin of Chinese New Year? Born out of legend, the first celebration is said to have been a triumphant victory of a Chinese village over a monster. For two years in a row the monster had wreaked havoc anddestruction on the village, but on the third year the villagers fought back with noisemakers, like drums and firecrackers, and by hanging red paper banners around the village. The color red is protection against evil, and that, combined with the noise scared the monster away. The
villagers then celebrated for several days.
均添上音标和发音效果
Notes: 1 celebrate: 庆祝，庆贺。
2 Gregorian calendar：阳历
3 Chinese zodiac: 中国十二宫图，十二生肖
4 Origin: 起源，来源
5 a triumphant victory：胜利的庆祝
6 monster：怪物，妖怪
7 havoc and destruction：破坏，浩劫
8 firecrackers：爆竹，鞭炮
2. Festival: Mid Autumn Festival - Moon Festival
Festival Location: China, Everywhere some countries call it Harvest Festival; there is a Harvest moon. Others note the autumnal equinox as a sign of the changing seasons. Here in China, they call it the Mid-Autumn festival, celebrated during the full moon that falls between the mid-September and mid-October. On this night of the full moon, tradition says that you sit outdoors with your family throughout the night, admiring the moon, talking, and eating special sweet cakes called Moon Cakes. Though not a major festival, it is noteworthy to foreign visitors for two reasons.There are a number of famous places for Mid-Autumn moon viewing, including one in Hangzhou, on West Lake. This is one of those places reputed to offer the finest viewing circumstances; it is called Three Pools Mirroring the Moon, a classical Chinese descriptive name. It consists of a string of three small towers set into the shallow lake, each of which has five holes that release shafts of light from candles lit on this evening. You would get rowed out on a small flat craft, and sit with your lover quietly watching the moon rise. Ah, how romantic, how lovely. A thousand years ago, if you were a noble person, rich, you might be allowed to join the small band of boats gathered on the waters, and it would indeed have been
magical. But that was then, and this is now.
Notes:
1 equinox: 昼夜平分点，春分或秋分
2 Admire: 欣赏
3 Noteworthy：值得注目的，显著的
4 Reputed：有……名气的
5 the finest viewing circumstances：最好的观赏点
6 romantic：浪漫的
7 a noble person：贵族
8 magical：不可思议的
B. Some proverbs about animals.
1. How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger’s lair? 不入虎穴，焉得虎子？
2. Every dog has his day. 人人都有得意的时候。
3. Barking dogs do not bite. 会叫的狗不咬人。
4. Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。
5. Kill two birds with one stone. 一箭双雕。
C. Feedback: 翻译下列谚语。
1. Tall trees catch much wind. 1. 树大招风。
2. Walls have ears.2. 隔墙有耳。
3. In the end things will mend.3. 船到桥头自然直.
4. A long talk proves a man’s heart.4. 日久见人心.
5. Take things as they come.5. 既来之，则安之。
Easter 复活节
Happy Easter
Welcome to a Holiday Celebration
Easter is the time of springtime festivals, a time to welcome back the Tulips, the Crocuses and the Daffodils. Its a time of new suits, new dresses and patent leather shoes. And a time of chocolate bunnies, marshmallow chicks, and colored eggs!
Now here for your entertainment are some fun Holiday things for you and your family. We've got Easter stories, animations to watch, and pictures to color! So bring your kids and tell your friends. And please stop by again. Don't forget to sign our Guestbook before you leave
复活节是最古老最有意义的基督教节日之一。它庆祝的是基督的复活，世界各地的基督徒每年都要举行庆祝。复活节还象征重生和希望。时间是春分月圆后的第一个星期日。
复活节是基督教纪念耶稣复活的节日。传说耶稣被钉死在十字架上，死后第三天复活升天。每年在教堂庆祝的复活节指的是春分月圆后的第一个星期日，如果月圆那天刚好是星期天，复活节则推迟一星期。因而复活节可能在３月２２日至４月２５日之间的任何一天。
典型的复活节礼物跟春天和再生有关系：鸡蛋、小鸡、小兔子、鲜花，特别是百合花是这一季节的象征。复活节前夕，孩子们为朋友和家人给鸡蛋着色打扮一番。这些蛋有的煮得很老，有的只是空空的蛋壳。复活节那天早上，孩子们会发现床前的复活节篮子里装满了巧克力彩蛋、复活节小兔子、有绒毛的小鸡及娃娃玩具等。据说复活节兔子会将彩蛋藏在室内或是草地里让孩子们去寻找。一年一度的美国白宫滚彩蛋活动经常被电视台实况转播。
一个瑞士家庭的复活节彩蛋作品
在多数西方国家里，复活节一般要举行盛大的宗教游行。游行者身穿长袍，手持十字架，赤足前进。他们打扮成基督教历史人物，唱着颂歌欢庆耶稣复活。如今节日游行已失去往日浓厚的宗教色彩。节日游行洋溢着喜庆的气氛，具有浓烈的民间特色和地方特色。在美国，游行队伍中即有身穿牛仔服踩高跷的小丑，也有活泼可爱的卡通人物米老鼠。在英国，游行多以介绍当地的历史和风土人情为主，游行者化装成为苏格兰风笛乐队以及皇宫卫士，吸引了众多的游客。复活节的到来还使人们纷纷换上新衣。过去基督教教徒会在节前去教堂行洗礼，然后穿上自己的新袍，庆祝基督的新生。穿戴一新的习俗保留至今，因为人们认为节日里不穿新衣是要倒运的。复活节期间，人们还喜欢彻底打扫自己的住处，表示新生活从此开始。
复活节焰火
德国政府规定复活节休息两天。在节日里，家人团聚，品尝各种传统食品，亲戚朋友见面要互相祝贺。 象征生命的蛋、火、水、兔等成了复活节的吉祥物。鸡蛋和兔子在西方是新的生命和兴旺发达的象征。鸡蛋的本色象征太阳，把鸡蛋染成红色则象征生活幸福。在复活节中，父母要特地为孩子们准备制成鸡蛋、兔子形状的巧克力糖。亲友间要互赠彩蛋。在莱茵河中游和黑森东部的一些城镇，至今保留着“彩蛋树”这一古老习俗。人们把成百的蛋壳涂上彩画，串成蛋链，在复活节这天挂在松树上，制成彩蛋树，大人孩子围着彩蛋树唱歌、跳舞、庆祝复活节。而阿尔卑斯山的姑娘们则通过赠送红鸡蛋来表达自己的爱情。在复活节这天，姑娘如果向某一小伙子赠送三个红鸡蛋，表示姑娘向小伙子求爱。 关于兔子成为复活节的吉祥物，是有一段传说的。
绘有耶稣头像的传统东正教复活节彩蛋
在古代耶稣复活之日，正值斯堪的纳维亚地区居民庆祝大地回春的“春太阳节”，作为草原、森林动物中多产动物之一的兔子，它象征了春天的复苏和新生命的诞生，同时它又是爱神阿弗洛狄特的宠物，也是日尔曼土地女神霍尔塔的持烛引路者。因此，现在兔子作为给孩子们送复活节鸡蛋的使者，深受孩子的宠爱。'在复活节这一天孩子定会收到兔形礼物。 火不仅给人类带来了光明，也使大地获得了新生。作为耶稣再生的象征，复活节的许多活动都与火相关。
复活节这一天，人们在教堂前点烛以示圣化，并将圣烛迎进千家万户。这一天，孩子们最快乐的事是把圣火送到各家。他们在教堂前用圣火点燃树枝，然后奔跑着送到各家各户，其间充满着欢快的节日气氛。在德国的巴伐利亚地区，每年的复活节居民们都要举行火炬赛跑，以庆祝耶稣的再生。而北莱茵上威斯特法伦州的吕克台复活节滚火轮更是远近闻名。六个巨型大木轮被火点燃滚下山谷，就像六个火球从天而降，漆黑的山谷被大火轮照得通明，它与五彩缤纷的焰火交相辉映，再次显示了火给人类带来了新生。
作为德国惟一的少数民族索布族人则是用百骑大合唱的形式来庆祝耶酥的复活。一个个身穿黑色上衣、头戴黑色礼帽的索布族人，骑在用彩带、鲜花和白色贝壳装饰的骏马上，浩浩荡荡地行进在林间小路上。他们边走边用粗犷雄厚的嗓音高唱赞歌，场面十分壮观。
复活节与食物
希腊科孚岛西端的一个渔村，当地
人正在烤全羊过复活节。烤全羊是
当地人在复活节的传统活动。
售货员给顾客包装巧克力蛋。食用鸡蛋或巧克力蛋是西方过复活节的风俗。
在欧洲，因为有四旬期(复活节前40天)的守斋的缘故，在每次复活节用餐前，都先予以祝圣；因此第七世纪时，就有祝圣羔羊的记载出现了，之后又多了油脂和火腿的祝圣。
其实四旬节守斋是禁止吃蛋类的。到了十二世纪，才开始有鸡蛋的祝圣；因此在复活节时，天主教徒会把蛋涂成红色，请神父祝圣，自己也用作礼物送给朋友，这是为什么现在复活节都要送彩蛋的最早起源。
除了鸡蛋外，还有其它食品，如奶油、乳酪、面包等的祝圣。在礼仪改革前的圣教典礼中，仍保留了羔羊、蛋、面包的祝圣经文。
在欧洲许多国家，复活主日的主餐均食羔羊肉，因为在祝圣羔羊时，可让人纪念摩西借着羔羊的血，领导以色列人出埃及，而这羔羊(后来称为逾越节的羔羊)是耶稣的预表：祂是上帝的圣洁羔羊，藉祂在十字架上所留的血，使人类得以洗净罪，脱离魔鬼的奴役。
智利复活节岛上的巨型石像
蛋也象征春天及新生命的开始。到了基督徒的时代，更赋予了一层宗教意义：象征耶稣复活走出石墓。
而面包则使基督徒们想到耶稣是永生的活粮。在欧洲许多国家中，复活节通常会另外烤制特别的复活节面包，面包上画有基督耶稣的字样、十字架，或羔羊的图案等，以纪念基督。
复活节岛与复活节
在烟波浩渺的南太平洋上，有一个面积仅为165平方公里的小岛－－复活节岛，它以神秘的巨石人像和奇异的风情吸引着无数游人。复活节岛是智利的一个小岛，距智利本土3600多公里。据说，１７２２年荷兰探险家雅可布·洛吉文（Jabbo Roggeween）在南太平洋上航行探险，突然发现一片陆地。他以为自己发现了新大陆，赶紧登陆，结果上岸后才知道是个海岛。正巧这天是复活节（１７２２年４月５），于是就将这个无名小岛命名为复活节岛。１８８８年，智利政府派人接管该岛，说来也巧，这天又正好是复活节。
The Story of Easter
Easter is a time of springtime festivals. In Christian countries Easter is celebrated as the religious holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the son of God. But the celebrations of Easter have many customs and legends that are pagan in origin and have nothing to do with Christianity Scholars, accepting the derivation proposed by the 8th-century English scholar St. Bede, believe the name Easter is thought to come from the Scandinavian "Ostra" and the Teutonic "Ostern" or "Eastre," both Goddesses of mythology signifying spring and fertility whose festival was celebrated on the day of the vernal equinox
Traditions associated with the festival survive in the Easter rabbit, a symbol of fertility, and in colored easter eggs, originally painted with bright colors to represent the sunlight of spring, and used in Easter-egg rolling contests or given as gifts
The Christian celebration of Easter embodies a number of converging traditions with emphasis on the relation of Easter to the Jewish festival of Passover, or Pesach, from which is derived Pasch, another name used by Europeans for Easter. Passover is an important feast in the Jewish calendar which is celebrated for 8 days and commemorates the flight and freedom of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt
The early Christians, many of whom were of Jewish origin, were brought up in the Hebrew tradition and regarded Easter as a new feature of the Passover festival, a commemoration of the advent of the Messiah as foretold by the prophets. (For more information please visit our Passover celebration - Passover on the Net)
Easter is observed by the churches of the West on the first Sunday following the full moon that occurs on or following the spring equinox (March 2I). So Easter became a "movable" feast which can occur as early as March 22 or as late as April 25
Christian churches in the East which were closer to the birthplace of the new religion and in which old traditions were strong, observe Easter according to the date of the Passover festival
Easter is at the end of the Lenten season, which covers a forty-six-day period that begins on Ash Wednesday and ends with Easter. The Lenten season itself comprises forty days, as the six Sundays in Lent are not actually a part of Lent. Sundays are considered a commemoration of Easter Sunday and have always been excluded from the Lenten fast. The Lenten season is a period of penitence in preparation for the highest festival of the church year, Easter
Holy Week, the last week of Lent, begins its with the observance of Palm Sunday. Palm Sunday takes its name from Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem where the crowds laid palms at his feet. Holy Thursday commemorates the Last Supper, which was held the evening before the Crucifixion. Friday in Holy Week is the anniversary of the Crufixion, the day that Christ was crucified and died on the cross
Holy week and the Lenten season end with Easter Sunday, the day of resurrection of Jesus Christ
Easter Eggs
Of all the symbols associated with Easter the egg, the symbol of fertility and new life, is the most identifiable. The customs and traditions of using eggs have been associated with Easter for centuries
Originally Easter eggs were painted with bright colors to represent the sunlight of spring and were used in Easter-egg rolling contests or given as gifts. After they were colored and etched with various designs the eggs were exchanged by lovers and romantic admirers, much the same as valentines. In medieval time eggs were traditionally given at Easter to the servants. In Germany eggs were given to children along with other Easter gifts
Different cultures have developed their own ways of decorating Easter eggs. Crimson eggs, to honor the blood of Christ, are exchanged in Greece. In parts of Germany and Austria green eggs are used on Maundy Thursday (Holy Thursday). Slavic peoples decorate their eggs in special patterns of gold and silver
Austrian artists design patterns by fastening ferns and tiny plants around the eggs, which are then boiled. The plants are then removed revealing a striking white pattern. The Poles and Ukrainians decorate eggs with simple designs and colors. A number of eggs are made in the distinctive manner called pysanki (to design, to write)
Pysanki eggs are a masterpiece of skill and workmanship. Melted beeswax is applied to the fresh white egg. It is then dipped in successive baths of dye. After each dip wax is painted over the area where the preceding color is to remain. Eventually a complex pattern of lines and colors emerges into a work of art
In Germany and other countries eggs used for cooking where not broken, but the contents were removed by piercing the end of each egg with a needle and blowing the contents into a bowl. The hollow eggs were dyed and hung from shrubs and trees during the Easter Week. The Armenians would decorate hollow eggs with pictures of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and other religious designs
Easter Egg Games
Eggs play an important part in Easter sports. The Romans celebrated the Easter season by running races on an oval track and giving eggs as prizes. Two traditional Easter egg games are the Easter Egg Hunt and the Easter Egg Roll
On Easter morning the children of the house join in a search to locate the eggs that the Easter Bunny had hidden while they where asleep. The searching might continue though out the house with the older children helping the youngest. Sometimes prizes of candy are awaiting the child finding the most eggs
Easter egg hunts can are also part of a community's celebration of holiday. The eggs are hidden in public places and the children of the community are invited to find the eggs
The rules of an Easter Egg Roll are to see who can roll an egg the greatest distance or can make the roll without breaking it, usually down a grassy hillside or slope
Maybe the most famous egg rolling takes place on the White House Lawn. Hundreds of children come with baskets filled with brightly decorated eggs and roll them down the famous lawn, hoping the President of the United States is watching the fun.
The Easter Bunny
"Here comes Peter Cottontail
hoppin' down the bunny trail
Hippity hoppity
Easters on its way!"
The Easter bunny has its origin in pre-Christian fertility lore. The Hare and the Rabbit were the most fertile animals known and they served as symbols of the new life during the Spring season.
The bunny as an Easter symbol seems to have it's origins in Germany, where it was first mentioned in German writings in the 1500s. The first edible Easter bunnies were made in Germany during the early 1800s. And were made of pastry and sugar
The Easter bunny was introduced to American folklore by the German settlers who arrived in the Pennsylvania Dutch country during the 1700s. The arrival of the "Oschter Haws" was considered "childhood's greatest pleasure" next to a visit from Christ-Kindel on Christmas Eve. The children believed that if they were good the "Oschter Haws" would lay a nest of colored eggs.
The children would build their nest in a secluded place in the home, the barn or the garden. Boys would use their caps and girls their bonnets to make the nests . The use of elaborate Easter baskets would come later as the tradition of the Easter bunny spread through out the country.
"Oh! here comes Peter Cottontail,
Hoppin' down the bunny trail,
Hippity hoppity
Happy Easter day"
耶稣之死
犹大出卖耶稣
耶稣的十二个门徒中，有一个加略人犹大；他去见祭司长，说：“如果我把耶稣交给你们，你们愿意给我什么？”他们就拿了三十块银钱给他。从那时候起，犹大找机会要出卖耶稣。
和门徒同进逾越节晚餐
无酵节的第一天，门徒依照耶稣的吩咐，去安排逾越节的晚餐。傍晚，耶稣跟十三个门徒坐席。在用饭的时候，耶稣说：“我告诉你们，你们当中有一个人要出卖我。”门徒都非常的忧愁，一个一个地问他：“主啊，不是我吧？”耶稣回答：“跟我在一起在碟子里蘸饼吃的那个人要出卖我。正如经上所记的：人子要受害，可是那出卖人子的人有祸了！他没有出生倒好！”连出卖耶稣的犹大也心虚地开口问：“老师，不是我吧？”耶稣说：“你自己说了。”
最后的晚餐
他们吃饭的时候，耶稣拿起了饼来，先献上感恩的祷告，然后掰开，分给门徒，说：“你们拿来吃；这是我的身体。”接着，他有拿起了杯，向上帝感谢后，递给门徒，说：“你们都喝吧！这是我的血，是印证上帝跟人立约的血，为了使许多人的罪得到赦免而流的。我告诉你们，我绝不再喝这酒，直到我跟你们在我父亲的国度里喝新酒的那一天。”他们唱了一首诗后，就出来往橄榄山去。
预言彼得不认他
耶稣对他们说：“你们都要离弃我，因为经上说：‘上帝要击杀牧人，羊群就分散了。’但是我复活以后，要比你们先到加利利去。”彼得说：“即使别人都离弃你，我绝不离弃你！”耶稣对彼得说：“我实在告诉你，今夜鸡叫两次以前，你会三次不认我。”彼得
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