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新目标英语八年级下units1-10知识点汇编
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
1. fewer people更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数,表示否定)
2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词,表示否定)
3. in ten years 10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时,提问用How soon)
4. fall in love with… 爱上…
5. live alone单独居住
feel lonely 感到孤独(比较:live alone/go along等)
The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走,但她并不感到孤独
6. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪
7. fly to the moon 飞上月球
8. hundreds of +复数 数百/几百(概数,类似还有thousands of; millions of)
9. the same as 和……相同
10. A be different from B A与B不同
11. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人” )
12. get bored 变得厌倦
13. go skating 去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/fishing /bike riding等)
14. It’s +形容词+(for sb)+to do sth 对某人而言,做某事是…的
15. hear of …听说…
16. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习
17. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)
18. I don’t agree. = I disagree. 我不同意
19. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上
(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词)
20. Sb will be +职业 某人将成为…
21. help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事
22. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种类的金鱼
23. live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼
24. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号
25. There will be sth.= There is /are going to be sth. 将有…..
There be sb/sth +doing +地点 某处有…在做…
26. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗
27. in the future 在将来/在未来
28. no more=not …anymore 不再(强调多次发生的动作不再发生)
29. no longer=not… any longer 不再(强调状态不再发生)
30. besides(除…之外还,包括)与except =but(除…之外,不包括)
31. be able to与can 能、会
l (be able to用于各种时态,而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to用于各种时态,而must只能用于一般现在时态)例如:1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. (不可以用can)2. had to stay at home/ will have to (不可以用must)
34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤
32. be in college 在上大学
33. live on a space station 住在空间站
34. dress casually 穿得很随意casual clothing 休闲服饰
35. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯 win award 获奖
36. come true 变成现实
37. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间
38. be fun to watch 看起来有趣
39. over and over again 一次又一次
40. be in different shapes 形状不同
41. twenty years from now 今后20年
Unit 2 What should I do?
1. too loud 太大声
2. out of style 过时的
3. in style 流行的
4. call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给…打电话
5. enough money 足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)
6. busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)
7. a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票
注意:the key to the lock/the answer to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格
8. talk about 谈论
9. on the phone 用电话
10. pay for 付款
11. spend…on +sth.=spend...( in) doing sth. 在…花钱
12. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人做某事花…的时间
13. borrow …from 从….借( 借进来)
14. lend…to 把…借给(借出去)
15. You can keep the book for a week.你可以借这本书一周。(不用borrow或lend)
16.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth 为某人买…
16. tell sb (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事
17. want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事
18. find out 发现;查清楚;弄明白
19. Sb. find it +形容词+to do sth某人发觉做某事是…的
20. fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格
21. It’s time for +名词 = It’s time to do sth 该做…的时候了
22. write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信
23. be surprised at sth/doing sth 对…感到惊讶
24. to one’s surprise 令某人感到惊讶
25. I don’t know what to do 我不知道做什么
26. get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作(有结果)
27. ask sb. for… 寻求/向某人要某物
28. have a bake sale 卖烧烤
29. argue with sb 与某人争吵
30. have a fight with sb.=fight with sb 与某人打架
31. prepare for…=get ready for… 为…做准备
32. after-school clubs(activities) 课外俱乐部(活动)
l be/get used to doing 习惯做某事
l used to do 过去经常/常常做某事
l be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
33. fill… up 填补;装满… be full of装满
34. return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人
35. get on /along well with 与…相处很好
36. all kinds of 各种各样
37. as much as possible=as much as you can 尽可能多
38. take part in=join in 参加(某种活动/集会)
39. a bit =a little 一点儿(当修饰形容词或比较级时)
40. a bit of =a little 一点儿/一些(当修饰不可数名词时)
41. be angry with… 生…的气
42. give some advice 提建议
43. on the one hand 一方面
44. on the other hand 另一方面
45. I find/feel/think it difficult to do...我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.
46. see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/听见/注视某人正在做…
47. not…until 直到…才(谓语动词一般是非延续动词)
48. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:
get/be/become+upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/annoyed
说明:当主语是某人时,注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词,而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时,注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.)
例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed
when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.
53 radio advice program 电台提建议的节目
54 be original 新颖的
55. leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某处
56. sports clothes 运动服
57. the same age as=as old as 和--- 年龄一样
58. the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子
59. complain about (doing sth) 抱怨、、、
60.take their children from activity to activity
带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动
61.try to do sth, 尽量干某事 try doing sth 试着干某事
62.be under too much pressure 压力太大
63.a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈
64.take part in after-school clubs 参加课后俱乐部
pepition starts from a very young age 竞争从很小年纪就开始了
pare…with 和---比较
67.organized activities 有组织的活动
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
1. in front of 在……的前面(外部) in the front of 在……的前面(内部)
2. in the library 在图书馆
3. get out of/get into 出……之外/进入
4. sleep late 睡懒觉 sleep well 睡得好 get to sleep=fall asleep睡着
5. walk down/along 沿……走
6. take off (飞机)起飞;脱下(衣帽)
7. on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上
in the tree在树上 on the tree在树上
8. at the train station 在火车站
9. run away 跑开,逃跑
10. as+adj原形 as 和…一样…
例如:She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him)
11. buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 为某人买/画/制作
12. walk home 走回家
13. in history 在历史上
14. for example 例如
15. in the city of 在……市
16. on the playground 在操场上
17. ten minutes ago 十分钟前
18. take place 发生(强调必然性)
19. happen to sth./sb. 发生(强调偶然性)
20. of course=sure=certainly 当然
21. all over the world=around the world=in the world 遍及全世界
22. outside/inside the station 在车站外/内
23. next to 相邻,紧贴
24. close to 接近于;在附近
25. be ill in hospital/bed 生病住院/在床
26. hear about/of 听说(间接听到)
27. in silence 沉默不语 keep silent 保持沉默
28. an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历
29. have difficult time doing sth 干某事有困难
30. have meaning to 对—有意义
31. become the first Chinese astronaut in space 成为中国第一个太空宇航员
32. a national hero 一个民族英雄
33. be famous all over the world 全世界出名
34. Man walked on the moon for the first time . 人类第一次在月球上行走.
35. land on …降落…
36. follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事
37. ask sb (not) to do sth 请某人(不要)做某事
38. be born 出生
39. at the doctor’s 在诊所
40. jump down from… 从…跳下
41. climb up the tree 爬上树
本单元语法讲解:过去进行时(Past Progressive Tense)
用法:表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
句型 :主语 + was/were +V-ing…
例A:She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.
(昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。)
例B:We were having supper at that time.那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。
例C:They were playing when teacher came in.老师进来是他们正在玩。
时间状语:at that time/moment,at + 点钟 + yesterday/last night,from +点钟 + to +点钟 + yesterday,this time yesterday ,just then ,when he came in, all + 时间:all afternoon,“When…/While…/As…”等副词从句,etc.
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working
1. every Saturday 每周六
2. first of all =at first 首先
3. both……and…… 两者都(谓语动词要注意对称原则)
4. neither….nor 两者都不(谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则)
5. most of… 绝大多数
6. an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周
7. agree to do sth. 答应/同意做…
8. pass on (to)传递 pass ( on ) sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
9. be supposed to do sth. = should 被期望或被要求做... ...
10. be mad at …=be angry with sb 对……疯狂/生气
11. be good at =do well in +名词/代词/doing sth.在…方面做得好
be better at =do better in +名/代/doing sth. 在…方面做得更好
12. be in good health 身体健康
keep in good health = keep/stay healthy 保持健康
13. report card 成绩单
14. sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词,一般只能跟adj.做表语
15. sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like
听起来像…/感觉像…/闻起来像…/尝起来像…/看起来像…+sb./sth.
16. get… over 克服;恢复;原谅
17. open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露 open up one’s eyes to …开阔某人的视野
18. care for 照料;照顾;意愿;计较
19. have a(surprise) party for sb. 为某人举行一次(惊喜)聚会
20. end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试
21. not…anymore= no more 不再
22. be surprised\happy\excited to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动
23. be \get nervous 感到紧张
24. have a hard time with sth. 在某事上/做某事处境困难
25. an disappointing result 令人失望的结果
26. take\ leave a message 捎(留)个口信
27. have a big fight with sb 与某人大吵一架
28. it is a good idea for sb. to do sth 对某人来说做什么是一个好主意
29. feel lucky 感到幸运的
30. people who need help 需要帮助的人
31. something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事
32. there is no difference between…and.. 在…和…之间没有区别
37.the Hope Project 希望工程
38. for now 至今为止
39. I’m sorry to hear that 听到你那样说我感到难过
40. one’s own sth 某人自己的事物(my own work)
41. return sth to …把…还给…=give back sth to…
42.Send one’s love to sb 向某人问好
43.change one’s life 改变某人的生活
本单元语法讲解
宾语从句:
⑴ 引导词:that —— 引导陈述句,在句中可省略;if,whether ——引导一般疑问句,可相互替换(从句中出现or not时只能使用whether);wh-,h- 引导特殊疑问句。
⑵ 时态:
主句
从句
一般现在时
各种时态
一般过去时
相应的过去时态
Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.
She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.
注意:从句讲述的是客观真理时,不根据主句改变时态,而用一般现在时。
Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.
⑶ 语序:引导词后加陈述句语序
“主句 + 引导词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语 + 其他”
I don’t know where she lives.
Unit 5 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time!
1. at the party 在晚会上
2. stay at home 呆在家
3. half the class/students 一半学生
4. get injured 受伤
5. all the time=always 一直,始终
6. make a living (by) doing sth 以…谋生
7. in order to do sth… 为了做某事
8. have a party 举行聚会
9. go to college 上大学
10. be famous for… 因……而著称 be famous as… 作为…而出名
11. make a lot of money 挣许多钱
12. in fact 事实上
13. laugh at… 嘲笑
14. too much太多(修饰不可数名词)too many太多(修饰可数名词复数)much too+形容词/副词 太…
15. get (enough) exercise 锻炼 注意(exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词;而当“操”“练习”是可数名词)
16. travel around the world 周游世界
17. work hard 努力工作
18. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤
19. let ... in 允许……进入, keep…out 不允许…进入
20. get an education 获得教育
21. take… away 拿开,拿走 put away 收起来,放好
22. study for the test 准备考试
23. make some food 准备食物 make dumplings 做水饺 make the bed 整理床铺
24. the rules for school parties 学校派对的规则
25. children’s hospital 儿童医院
26. join the Lions 加入狮队
27. give money to schools and charities 给学校和慈善组织捐钱
28. become a professional soccer player 成为一个职业的足球运动员
29. organize the games for the class party 为班级派对准备游戏
30. play sports for a living 靠体育运动为生
31. bring sth. to … 把某物带来…
take sth. from … 从…把某物带走
32. complain about sth. 抱怨某事
33. be late for 迟到
34. get injured 受伤
35. school clean-up 学校大扫除
36. old people’s home’敬老院
37. get an education 受教育
38. can/be able to 能、会做…
39. in class 在课堂上
40. go back home 回到家里
41. laugh at 嘲笑
42. have a hard (difficult) time with sth. 在某事上/做某事处境困难
doing sth.
本单元语法讲解
If如果……、 unless除非 = if… not… 引导的条件状语从句。
结构:从句If (unless)+(一般现在时),主句+一般将来时、(含有情态动词的句子、祈使句)
a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.
b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel.
主将从现的还有:when,before, after, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句。
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
1. raise money for 为…筹钱 save money make money
2. collect stamps 集邮
3. run out of… 用尽
4. by the way 顺便说一下
5. on the way to.. 在…的路上
6. be interested in 对…感兴趣
7. more than=over 超过
8. fly kites 放风筝
9. start class 开始上课
10. start a snow globe collector’s club 开办雪球仪收集者俱乐部
11. the most common(unusual, interesting) hobby 最普通的爱好
12. listen to music videos 听音乐碟片
13. organize a talent show to raise money for charity
为慈善机构捐钱而举办的才艺展示
14. extra English lessons 额外的英语课
15. have problems with the language 语言方面有问题
16. the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江的省会
17. an interesting city with a colorful history
一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城市
18. three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半
19. a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans
一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤
20.make a list of 列清单
21.Thank sb for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事
22.more than =over超过 less than 少于
23.send sb sth=send sth to sb 把某物寄给某人
24.in boxes under my bed 在我床底下的盒子里
25.anyone else 其他任何人
26.the +比较级,the+比较级 越…,就越…
27. far from …离…远
28. on my seventh birthday 在我第七个生日
29. the capital of … …的首都/省会
30.比较级+and+比较级 越来越…
本单元语法讲解
现在完成进行时:表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。
现在完成进行式结构: 主语 + have / has +been+ doing
比较:现在完成时: 主语 + has/have + 动词过去分词
现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在,有可能还要持续下去的动作,常与for, since, how long等词连用。For和since在表示时间时的用法区别:for + 时间段;since + 具体的时间点(或一般过去时的句子)。
Eg.: 1) I’ve been collecting kites for seven months.
2) He has been watching English movies since 1998.
3) I have been listening to the music videos since I was seven years old.
现在完成进行时与一般过去时的区别
1)一般过去时:表示过去发生的事,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。需要注意的是,只要有表示过去的时间,就不能用现在完成进行时。因此,不能说:
eg.: I have been skating at eight o’clock.(X)
I have been skating since eight o’clock.(√) Or: I have been skating for two hours. (√)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
1.Would you mind doing sth? 你介意(反对)做某事吗?
<否定形式> Would you mind not doing sth.?
2.Could/Would you please do sth? 请你做某事,行吗?
<否定形式> Could/Would you please not do sth.?
3.turn on 打开
4.turn off 关掉
5.turn up 调高
6.turn down 调低
7.Not at all 不用谢
8.Not…at all 根本不,一点也不
9.right away=at once=right now=in a minute 马上,立刻
10.do the dishes 洗盘子
11.put on 穿上
12.take off 脱下;起飞
13.at a meeting 在开会
14.(That’s) no problem. 没问题
15.wait in line=stand in line 排队
16.cut/jump in line 插队
17.Sth. happen to sb. 某人发生某事
18.go back to…回到…
19.get annoyed 变得生气
20.stand in the subway door 站在地铁门口
21.welcome to…欢迎到…
22.the way to…去…的路
23.a bit + 形=a little + 形 一点…
24.a bit of +不可数名词=a little +不可数名词
25.wait for… 等候…
26.look up to sb. 尊重某人
27.look up
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