高中8种时态的重要复习.doc

Step 1.动词的时态
　　英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
（1）一般现在时的基本用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
　 时间状语： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday
　 I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
　 The earth moves around the sun.
　 Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
　 Pride goes before a fall.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
　 I don't want so much.
5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。
　　 The train comes at 3 o'clock.
　 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
　　 I'll help you as soon as you have problem.
　　 Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.
Step2 一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
2.常与一般过去时连用的时间状语：
yesterday

last
yesterday morning/ yesterday afternoon/ yester day evening
ago
last week/ month/ year/ night/weekend
three weeks ago/ ten minutes ago/ an hour ago/long long ago
其它
in 2007, just now, one day

3．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were放到句首。
4．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如：Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句：
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?
5. 动词过去式变化规则：
1)．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2)．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3)．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4)．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied
Step 3练习
1 She lived there before he____to China.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
2 -I have had supper.- When ____you____it?
A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have
3 When did you ____here?
A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach
4 I____my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.
A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish
5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _______.
A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.
填空
1 They____(be) on the farm a moment ago.
2 There____(be)a shop not long ago.
3 Jenny____(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.
4 Danny _____(read )English five minutes ago.
5 I _____(see)Li Lei ____(go) out just now.
Step3现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：
   疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但当对主语进行提问时其结构为： 疑问词+ be + 动词ing?
   动词加ing的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习：
用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1. The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food  now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6. They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7. Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
句型转换
1. Look! Lily is dancing.（改为一般疑问句） 2. Kate is looking for her watch.（改为否定句） 
3.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问)4.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问)
5.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)
单项选择
1.Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework.
(A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking
2_____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree.
(A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where
3.Is she____something?
(A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats
4.Listen! She____in the classroom.
(A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing
5.______are you eating?I'm eating______meat.
(A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a
Step4 过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
肯定句：主语+was/were + doing+其它
否定句：主语+was/were + not + doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语：Yes, I was./ No, I wasn't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
过去进行时的主要用法
　　1.表示过去某一时间内（正在）进行的动作
　　如：I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday.
　　2.表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了
　　如：He played when I was studying.
过去进行时常用的时间状语：all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when　　　
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
　　(1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
　　A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
　　答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
一、用动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ ____ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.
2. We ________ __ (test) the new machine when the electricity ______ ____ (go) off.
3. Jane ___________(wait) for me when I ___ ___(arrive).
4．My brother came into the bedroom when I ____ _____(dance).
5．What _____ Jim __________(write) when the teacher came in ?
二.按要求进行句型转换。
1. We were having a PE class at four yesterday afternoon.(改为否定句)
2. Kate was doing her homework at eight last night. (改为一般疑问句，做肯，否回答，对划线部分提问)
3. They were playing computer games at nine last night.( 对划线部分提问)
4. I was reading a book at three yesterday afternoon.( 对划线部分提问)
单项选择
1.They______TV in the evening.They do their homework.
(A)are watching (B)can't watching (C)don't watch (D)don't watching
2.The children_____football.
(A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a
3. I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.
  A. had B. had been having C. have been having D. was having
4.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.
  A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken
动词填空。
1．John_______（work） all day yesterday.
2．He _______（walk） home when the （rian）_______begin.
3． —What______you _______（do） at ten o'clock yesterday﹖
—I_______（studay） in class．
4．When Harry _______（have） breakfast Lily _______（telephone） him．
5．When I ________ （go） to school this morning I ______ （see） a car running into a bus．
Step 5 现在完成时
一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
　　①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
　　③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
二、用法
1） 现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时用来表示,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
　　I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.)
2） 现在完成时的"未完成用法"，常与for（+时间段）, 或since（+时间点）连用.
　　Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago.
注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）
　 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.
　　2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately等:
　　He has already obtained a scholarship.　　I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
　　We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ?
　　3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如ever, never, twice, several times等:
　　Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
　　I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.
　　4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
　　如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:
　　Peter has written six papers so far. 　Up to the present everything has been successful.
　　5. have been to 和have gone to的区别
have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：
He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）
have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：
--Where's your mother? --你妈妈在哪？ --She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。
has been in 一直在某地
现在完成时专项练习
一、 单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him .
　　Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he?
Ａ. already Ｂ. never Ｃ. ever Ｄ. Still
3、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
　 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
　　Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .　　　—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
　　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed; good　 Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed; better
　 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
　　Ａ. was; studying Ｂ. will; study　　Ｃ. has; studied Ｄ. are; studying
　 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
　　Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_______ it twice .
　　Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
Step 6 过去完成时
定义：过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、事情。它表示的是发生在“过去的过去”的动作，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使用过去完成时。
一、基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)
　　①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
二、用法
概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前　 那时　现在　　　　　
1、与by, before, by the end of引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。
例如：by then, by\ before nine o’clock yesterday, by the end of last year, by the age of twenty, by the time I arrived …
2、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
例如：When I returned home, my guest had already left.
I did not see the film because I had seen it before.
3、常用于told, said, knew, heard, thought, ask等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said (that) she had never been to Paris. He asked what I had said.
典型例题　
　 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.　
A. had written, left　B，were writing, has left　 C. had written, had left　D. were writing, had left
　 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
单项选择
1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.
A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left
用动词的适当形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).
5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
Step 7一般将来时
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
二、基本结构：①be going to + do；②will+ do.
三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are, was, were）或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
练习：
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1、David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
2、My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
3、Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
4、What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
5、What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday?
I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday?
I ______________ (milk) cows.
单项选择。
(   ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
         A. will be going to        B. will going to be C. is going to be     D. will go to be       
(   ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
         A. isn’t working       B. doesn’t working    C. isn’t going to working     D. won’t work 
(   ) 3.  He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
         A. will be; is        B. is; is C. will be; will be      D. is; will be
(   ) 4.  There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
         A. was       B. is going to have C. will have     D. is going to be
(   ) 5.  –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ____ free the day after tomorrow.
       A. Are; going to; will            B. Are; going to be; will
         C. Are; going to; will be         D. Are; going to be; will be
(   ) 6.  Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
         A. will gives       B. will give C. gives        D. give
Step 8过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：
They were going to have a meeting.
I told him that I would see him off at the station.
（1）一般现在时的基本用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
　 时间状语： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday
　 I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
　 The earth moves around the sun.
　 Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
　 Pride goes before a fall.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
　 I don't want so much.
5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。
　　 The train comes at 3 o'clock.
　 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
　　 I'll help you as soon as you have problem.
　　 Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.
Step 9 词汇积累
不规则动词过去式和过去分词表
am
was
been
是
are
were
been
是

awake
awoke
awoke
唤醒
bear
bore
born
忍受
beat
beat
beaten
打，敲打
become
became
become
成为，变成
begin
began
begun
开始
bet
bet
bet
打赌
blow
blew
blown
吹
break
broke
broken
打坏，打破
bring
brought
brought
带来
build
built
built
建筑，建设
burn
burnt
burnt
燃烧
buy
bought
bought
买
catch
caught
caught
揪住，抓住
can
could

能，会
choose
chose
chosen
选择
com