正确使用冷却液 做好汽车电控养护工作.docx

随着汽车工业的迅速发展，汽车发动机已逐渐朝着大功率、省燃料、结构紧凑的方向发展，其强化系数不断增大，对发动机冷却系统的要求也越来越高，特别对冷却介质——冷却液也提出了更为苛刻的要求。

With the rapid development of automobile industry, automobile engine has gradually towards the large power, fuel, has the advantages of compact structure of the direction of development, the enhancement factor increases, the engine cooling system requirements are increasingly high, especially for the cooling liquid cooling medium -- also made more stringent requirements.

冷却液是保证水冷式发动机正常工作必不可少的工作介质。若发动机过热，就会导致充气效率降低，发动机功率下降;使早燃、爆燃倾向加大，过早损坏零部件;恶化运动件之间的润滑，加剧其磨损等。若发动机过冷，就会导致进入气缸的混合气品质差，使发动机功率下降，燃料消耗增加;燃烧生成物中的酸性物质腐蚀零部件;未燃的燃料冲刷和稀释运动件表面的润滑油膜，使其磨损加剧。这就要求使用者必须了解冷却液的性能特点，掌握冷却液的正确使用方法。

The coolant is to ensure the normal work of working medium is essential for water-cooled engine. If the engine overheating, inflation will lead to lower efficiency, engine power is reduced; the early combustion, deflagration tendency is increased, the premature failure of components; worse lubricating moving parts, aggravate the wear etc.. If the engine is cold, will lead to poor quality of mixed gas into the cylinder, the reduction of engine power, fuel consumption increase; acid corrosion of components in combustion products; lubricating oil fuel washing and dilution moving parts surface membrane unburned, to wear. This requires the user to understand the performance characteristics of cooling liquid, to master the correct use of cooling liquid.

1、冷却液的种类

Type 1, cooling liquid

冷却液由水、防冻剂、添加剂3部分组成，按防冻剂成分不同可分为酒精型、甘油型、乙二醇型等类型冷却液。

The cooling liquid consists of water, antifreeze, additive is composed of 3 parts, the antifreeze component can be divided into different alcohol, glycerol, ethylene glycol type coolant.

酒精型冷却液是用乙醇作防冻剂，价格便宜，流动性好，配制工艺简单，但沸点较低、易挥发损失、冰点易升高、易燃等，现已逐渐被淘汰;甘油型冷却液沸点高、挥发性小、不易着火、无毒、腐蚀性小，但降低冰点效果不佳、成本高、价格昂贵，用户难以接受，只有少数北欧国家仍在使用;乙二醇型冷却液是用乙二醇作防冻剂，并添加少量抗泡沫、防腐蚀等综合添加剂配制而成。由于乙二醇易溶于水，可以任意配成各种冰点的冷却液，其最低冰点可达-68℃，这种冷却液具有沸点高、泡沫倾向低、粘温性能好、防腐和防垢等特点，是一种较为理想的冷却液，目前国内外发动机所使用的和市场上所出售的冷却液几乎都是乙二醇型冷却液。

Alcohol type cooling liquid ethanol is used as an antifreeze, cheap price, good fluidity, preparation process is simple, but relatively low boiling point, easy to volatilization, freezing point easy to rise, inflammable, has gradually been eliminated; glycerin type cooling liquid with high boiling point, low volatility, not easy to fire, no poison, corrosion, but the lower the freezing point effect, high cost, the price is expensive, the user is difficult to accept, only a minority of the Nordic countries are still in use; ethylene glycol coolant is using ethylene glycol as antifreeze, and adding a small amount of anti foam, anti corrosion and other synthetic additives. The ethylene glycol soluble in water, can be arbitrarily with coolant various freezing, the lowest point of up to -68 ℃, the cooling liquid has the characteristics of high boiling point, low foaming tendency, good viscosity temperature performance, anticorrosion and antiscale etc., is an ideal coolant, cooling liquid sold at home external engine uses and market almost all the ethylene glycol coolant.

2、使用冷却液的注意事项

2, the use of cooling liquid note

正确使用冷却液，可起到防腐蚀、防穴蚀渗漏、防散热器开锅，防水垢和防冻结等作用，能够使冷却系统始终处于最佳的工作状态，保证发动机的正常工作温度。如果使用中不注意，将严重影响发动机正常工作性能和寿命，因此，在使用中应特别注意。

The correct use of cooling liquid, can play the role of anti corrosion, anti leakage, anti cavitation radiator boil, antifouling and anti freezing effect, can make the cooling system is always in the best working condition, ensure the normal engine operating temperature. If you don't pay attention to use, will seriously affect the normal work of the engine performance and life, therefore, in use should pay special attention to.

1.要坚持常年使用冷却液。对于传统发动机，能够保证发动机正常工作的冷却液温度值为80℃～90℃，但对于电控发动机，由于其高转速、高压缩比和高功率的工作特点，其机械负荷及热负荷较大，摩擦热较高，因而对冷却液正常工作温度的要求已提高到95℃～105℃。这与人们形成的传统发动机冷却水“正常水温”观点不同，需要人们转变认识观念。而且要注意冷却液使用的连续性，那种只想在冬季使用的观点是错误的，只知道冷却液的防冻功能，而忽视了冷却液的防腐、防沸、防垢等作用。

1 insist on year-round use coolant. For the traditional engine, can guarantee the normal work of the engine coolant temperature is 80 ℃ ~ 90 ℃, but for the electronically controlled engine, due to its high speed, high compression ratio and high power characteristics, the mechanical load and heat load is larger, the higher the frictional heat, so cooling liquid normal working temperature requirements up to 95 ℃ ~ 105 ℃. This and people form the traditional engine cooling water "normal temperature" point of view is different, people need to change our ideas. Also note that continuous use of cooling liquid, that want to use in the winter is wrong, only that the antifreeze function of cooling liquid, while ignoring the anti-corrosion, cooling liquid anti boiling, scale effect.

2.正确选用。选用冷却液时，其冰点要低于环境最低温度10℃左右。目前，汽车配件市场上的冷却液种类多，“冷却液”实际上只是“防冻液”，大多使用醇和水混合后添加色素制成，其内无任何冷却液应该具有的添加剂，其沸点在90℃左右，腐蚀性较强，易导致发动机过热现象的发生。

2 the correct choice. Selection of cooling liquid, the freezing point is lower than the minimum temperature of 10 ℃ environment. At present, the coolant type auto parts on the market, "coolant" is actually "antifreeze", most of the use of alcohol and water mixed with pigment made, without any coolant additives should have its, its boiling point at about 90 ℃, strong corrosive, easily leading to the occurrence of engine overheating.

分辨冷却液真伪的简单方法是：优质冷却液颜色醒目、清亮透明和无异味;用烧杯加热冷却液，用温度表测量其沸点，沸点在100℃以上才为真品，沸点不足100℃者为伪品。

A simple method of resolution coolant authenticity is: quality of cooling liquid eye-catching colors, clear and transparent, no odor; a beaker heating and cooling liquid, with the thermometer measured its boiling point, boiling point of over 100 ℃ for genuine, boiling point below 100 ℃ for counterfeit goods.

3.牌号选择。冷却液牌号即为其冰点值，不同地区的选购参考值应有所区别，建议选用牌号为：长江以北地区为-25号;东北地区、西北地区为-35号。不同厂家、不同牌号的冷却液不能混合使用，以免起化学反应，破坏各自的性能，甚至损坏发动机。对于奥迪A6轿车，厂家要求必须加入G12A8D冷却剂与水的混合液，切不可加入其它的冷却液。

3 brand choice. Coolant brand is its freezing point, different regions of the purchase reference value should be distinguished, suggestions were selected: the area north of the Yangtze River to -25; the northeast and northwest regions, as the No. -35. The coolant can not use a mixture of different manufacturers, different grades, so as to avoid chemical reaction, destroy their performance, or even damage the engine. For Audi A6 sedan, require manufacturers must join the G12A8D coolant and water mixture, must not be added to the cooling liquid other.

4.加水稀释。为便于运输与储存，冷却液多加工成浓缩液状。使用时必须加水稀释才能取得最佳冷却效果。冷却液最好使用去离子水或蒸馏水稀释，切不可使用自来水、地下水或地表水稀释。否则，易导致水垢的产生或加快对冷却系统的腐蚀。

4 dilution. For ease of transport and storage, cooling liquid processed into concentrated liquid. The use must be diluted with water to obtain the best cooling effect. The coolant is best to use distilled or deionized water dilution, must not be used tap water, groundwater or surface water dilution. Otherwise, easy to scale production or accelerate corrosion of cooling system.

加水稀释的比例应依据冷却液外包装上的使用说明，结合使用地区和季节确定，调配后的冰点值原则上应低于所在地区最低气温10℃。配比参考值为：夏季时冷却液(浓缩液)体积分数为40%，蒸馏水体积分数为60%;冬季时，冷却液、蒸馏水体积分数各为50%。

Dilution ratio should be the basis for the use of cooling liquid packaging, combined with the determined using areas and seasons, the deployment of freezing point should be lower than the local minimum temperature of 10 degrees. The ratio of reference values for: summer cooling fluid (liquid) of 40% volume fraction, distilled water volume fraction of 60%; in the winter, the cooling liquid, distilled water volume fraction of 50% for each.

5.更换周期。冷却液在高温状态下长期使用后，必然会导致变质，从而使其性能下降。为此，应定期更换冷却液。一般每行程4～5万km更换一次。更换冷却液时应放净旧液，将冷却系统清洗干净后，再换上新液。

5 replacement cycle. Coolant long-term use under the condition of high temperature, will inevitably lead to deterioration, so that the performance degradation. Therefore, should the regular replacement of the cooling fluid. General every stroke of 4 ~ 50000 km replacement time. Replacing the coolant should put the net old liquid, the cooling system after cleaning, and then put a new liquid.