1、英语中两种副词的用法比较邵阳县九松桥镇中学 李峥嵘在英语中,有两种副词:一种与形容词同形,另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成,这两种副词中,有许多都可以修饰动词或形容词,但其意义却大相径庭。因此,在翻译与运用这些词时,往往给人们带来许多的不解与困惑,现举一些初中常见的这类副词的示例,以飨读者。1、freefreelyfree 作为副词,用于动词之后,即“免费”之意。freely作为副词,却含有“without limit”(无限制地)之意。e.g.(1)Everything is free in 100 years.(一百年后一切都是免费的)。(2)You can eat free in my r
2、estaurant whenever you like.(随你喜欢,任何时候你都可以在我的饭馆里免费吃饭)。(3)You can speak freely in front of your teacher .(你可以在教师面前畅所欲言)。2、hardhardlyhard作为副词时,意思是“努力地,费力地,艰难地”。e.g.(1) He was still breathing hard after his run.(他跑完步,现在还气喘吁吁的)。(2)She tried her hardest not to show how disappointed she was.(她努力地不流露出自己有多失
3、望)。而“hardly”.几乎不/几乎没有(almost not)。e.g.(3)She hardly ever calls me .(她几乎从未给我来过电话)。(4)Hardly a day goes by without my think of her. (我几乎天天想着她)。3、cleancleanlyclean (adv.副词),意为“completely”(彻底地,完全地),常与动词“forget”,介词“over,through”,副词“away,out”组合应用。eg : (1)The thief got clean away。(那个小偷已逃之夭夭了)。(2)I clean fo
4、rgot about calling him。(我把给他打电话的事忘得一干二净)。而“cleanly”为“干净地、利索地、精确地”。e.g. (3)The doctor cut cleanly through the abdominal wall 。(医生干净而利落地切开了腹腔)。4、deaddeadlydead作为副词,意为“completely、exactly”(完全地、确实地、全然地)。e.g.(1)youre dead right. (你完全正确)。(2)Hes dead set on getting this new job. (他打定主意要得到这份新工作)。常用来表示某一形容词的深
5、度:e.g. dead right(完全正确)dead certain(完全可以肯定) dead tired(累极了) dead slow(缓慢之极)。deadly作为副词,意为“informal extremely”(极其、非常)。e.g. (3)He was deadly injured in the crash 。(她在一次撞车事故中受到了致命的伤害)。5、highhighlyhigh作为副词时,指的是“高度”而highly表示程度,常有very much之意。e.g.(1)She never very high in the company。(她在公司里从未座到很高的位置)。(2)Hi
6、s desk was piled high with paper 。(他的桌子上摞着高高的堆文件)。(3)It is highly unlikely the shell be late 。(她迟到的可能性很小)。(4)Her novels are highly regarded 。(她的小说受到了很高的评价)。6、mostmostlymost 作为副词时意为“very”.e.g.(1)Thats most kind of you 。(你太客气了)。(2)We shall most probably never meet you 。(我们极有可能再也见不到面了)。mostly作副词时意为“mai
7、nly/generally”“主要地,一般地,通常”。e.g.(3)The sauce is mostly cream。(这寿司主要是奶油)。7、shortshortlyshort 作为副词时,意为“很少、缺少、不及、突然、”。e.g.(1)Id never let you go short of anything。(我什么都不会让你缺的)。(2)Mothers regularly go short of food to ensure their children have enough 。(为了保证自己的孩子吃饱饭,母亲们经常忍饥挨饿)。short 作为副词含义很多,也表现在动词短语中e.g
8、. fall short of (to be less than);go short of (show a lack of);run short of (use up,not have enough left)。而shortly作为副词时,也有多种含意。e.g.(3) “soon”Mr. Smith will be back shortly.(史密司先生不久就要回来)。(4) “at a short distance”Make a right turn shortly beyond the village.(在村子那边不远的地方右拐弯)。(5) “in a few words”He expla
9、ined his meaning shortly but clearly.(他简单明了地说了他的意思)。(6) “impatiently”He answered shortly that he didnt care what I thought.(他不耐烦地回答我,他对我的想法不感兴趣)。当然,adj形和adj-ly形这两类副词还有很多,例如:widewidely,fairfairly,justjustly,prettyprettily等。我们在理解和运用这类副词时,应注意其用法区别,务必常查字典,多阅参考,经免误解其意而发生错误。参考文献:1、Practical English Usage2、Advanced Learners EnglishChinese Dictionary