两篇计算机作文.doc

第一篇
知识介绍:个人计算机的奇妙结构-The Wonderful Structure of a Personal Computer
个人计算机的奇妙结构
【内容提示】
学校要出壁报，约你用英语写一篇介绍个人计算机的文章。内容包括：
①计算机的工作过程与人的大脑的思维过程相似，所以又叫电脑。
②从外观看，个人计算机有三部分：主机、键盘和显示器。
③从计算机的工作过程看，计算机系统是由软件和硬件组成的。硬件好比人的躯体，软件好比人的灵魂。
④控制计算机的技术叫做软件，计算机及其各种设备本身叫做硬件。
⑤计算机的工作就是通过其软件，利用计算机的各种资源，指挥硬件实现无所不能的奇妙用途。
【作文示范】
The Wonderful Structure of a Personal Computer
In Chinese, a computer is popularly known as an “electrical brain”, for the working process of a computer is similar to a human brain very much.
In appearance, a personal computer has three simple and clear parts: the main frame①, the keyboard② and the display③. In other words, if you own these three parts, you would exactly have a computer.
A computer system is made up of software and hardware considering its working manner. If we compare the hardware to a human body, then, the software would be the soul.
Just as a driver cannot drive a car without driving skills or the car it self, you cannot control a computer without controlling techniques or the computer itself. The controlling techniques are called software, while computers themselves and related devices④ such as a mouse⑤ are called hardware.
The work of a computer is just making full use of various resources by a software set in the computer, and directing the hardware to realize marvelous omnipotent⑥ functions.
【词语解释】
①main frame 主机（箱）
②keyboard．键盘
③display 显示器
④related devices 相关部件
⑤mouse 鼠标
⑥omnipotent．无所不能的
【写法指要】
1）本文是知识介绍说明文，或构造介绍说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机结构的简单知识，顺便提及了它的功能。在正文里，作者采用空间顺序写法，由外部结构写到内部结构。最后用类比法（analogy）将计算机操作同驾驶汽车作了比较。
2）类比法是一种逻辑推理方法，人们在文章中经常用到。英语中表达类比的方式有多种，本文用到的有“be similar to”，“compare…to…”，“just as”等。但是，类比法有或然性，须慎用。
个人计算机的奇妙结构
在中国，计算机通常被称为“脑电”，为计算机的工作过程是类似于人类的大脑非常多。
在外观上，个人计算机有简单、清晰的三部分组成：主框架①，键盘和显示③②。换句话说，如果你拥有了这三部分，你就确实有电脑。
一个计算机系统是由软件和硬件考虑其工作方式。如果我们硬件比作人的躯体，那么，软件将灵魂。
正如一个司机不能开车没有驾驶技术或者汽车本身，你不能控制计算机控制技术或电脑本身。控制技术叫做软件，计算机及其相关设备④鼠标等⑤叫做硬件。
计算机的工作是充分利用各种资源，通过计算机的软件组，并指挥硬件实现神奇万能⑥功能。

第二篇
We build computer to solve problems. Early computer solved mathematical and engineering problems，and later computers emphasized information processing for business applications. Today，computers also control machines as diverse as automobile engines，robots，and microwave ovens. A computer system solves a problem from any of these domains by accepting input，processing it，and producing output. Fig. 1-1 illustrates the function of a computer system.

Computer systems consist of hardware and software. Hardware is the physical part of the system. Once designed，hardware is difficult and expensive to change. Software is the set of programs that instruct the hardware and is easier to modify than hardware. Computers are valuable because they are general-purpose machines that can solve many different kinds of problems，as opposed to special-purpose machines that can each solve only one kind of problem. Different problems can be solved with the same hardware by supplying the system with a different set of instructions. that is，with different software.

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翻译:

计算机组成原理

计算机硬件

人们为解决问题而制造计算机。早期的计算机解决的是数学和工程问题，后来计算机着重解决商业应用中的信息处理问题。如今，计算机还用来控制如汽车发动机、机器人和微波炉等各式各样的机器。计算机系统解决上述这些领域中的任何一个问题都是通过接收输入、处理问题和生成输出来实现的。图1-1说明了计算机系统的功能。

计算机系统由硬件和软件组成。硬件是系统的物理部分。硬件一旦设计完毕，要修改是困难的，并且花费也大。软件是指挥硬件的程序集合，比硬件容易修改。计算机之所以有用，是因为它们能解决很多不同类型的问题，是通用的机器。相对而言，每种专用机只能解决一类问题。通过为系统配备不同的指令系统，也就是配备不同的软件，能用同一硬件去解决不同的问题。