欧洲文化入门复习题.doc

Division OneI. 有可能出的填空，选择题及判断题的内容:.1. European Culture is composed of _ and _ as two major elements.2. Greek culture reached its high point of development /climax in _ (century).3. All Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, King of Macedon in _(century).4. In _, the Romans conquered Greece.5. Homer wrote _ and _, two famous epics.6. _ is called “Father of History” in Greek Culture, who wrote the wars between _ and _.7. The famous writer who wrote comedy in Greek culture is named _.8. “The great historian that ever lived” is said to praise _(name).9. The Dialectal Method is put forward by_.10. Academy was established by _, whose philosophy is called _.11. Lyceum was established by _.12. Leader of the Cynics is _, and “cynic” means _.13. The most important thing in life to the Stoics is _.14. Elements, a textbook of geometry, was written by _.15. The famous temples in ancient Greece are _ and _.16. The Romans enjoyed two hundred years of peaceful time, known as _.17. In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium, renamed it _(modern _).18. After 395, the Roman Empire was divided into _ and _.19. The East Roman Empire fell to the _ in 1453.20. “I came, I saw, I conquered” was written by _.21. Two famous representatives of Roman architecture are _ and _.22. _ said, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”.23. Greek Culture has exerted great, positive influence on the later-on literature, such as Shellys _ and Byrons _.24. The languages that were spoken by Greeks and Romans belong to _(哪个语系).25. The Roman Law, to some extent, protected the rights of _.26. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there came _(什么时代) lasting one thousand years.27. _s (whose) “Prometheus Bound” is a parody adapted by _ (he wrote “Prometheus Unbound”).28. Freud put forward _ based on the work, “Oedipus the King ” written by _.29. The _ was one of the similarities shared by Greeks and Romans as far as politics is concerned.30. _s (whose) political speeches and discourses are the model of Latin diction.31. The largest amphitheatre in ancient Rome is known as _.32. _ established the atomic theory.33. _ believed fire to be the primary element of the universe.34. _ established the dialectical method.35. _ was the founder of scientific mathematics.36. The humanistic ideas can be traced back to _(the name of a philosopher).37. “The master of those who know” was written by Dante to praise _ (the name of a philosopher).38. Zeno的介绍II. 名词解释democracy of ancient Greece Pax Romana Doric StyleIonic Style the Sophists the Cynics the Scepticsthe Epicureans the Stoics Academy LyceumIII. 简答与论述题：1 三种问法：What is the limitation of “Democracy” in ancient Greece?How do you understand “Democracy” in ancient Greece?What is the difference between “Democracy” in ancient Greece and modern democracy?2. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?3. How did the ancient Greek philosophy develop?4. How did the ancient Greek science develop?5. What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle in terms of their philosophical ideas?Or What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle in terms of their philosophical system?6. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?Or What positive influence did the Greek Culture exert on the world civilization?7. What are difference and similarity between Greek culture and Roman culture?8. How did Roman culture originate and develop?9. How was Roman Empire disintegrated?10. What styles can Greek architecture be classified into?Or How does Greek architecture take different styles?11. Explain Pax Romana.12. What contribution did the Roman make to the rule of law?Division TwoI. special Terms Explanation:the Hebrews the Old Testament the New Testament Pentateuch Genesis Exodus Prophets the Book of Daniel the Historical BookII. 有可能出填空，选择题及判断题的内容：1. Judaism and Christianity are closely related because _.2. The ancestors of the Jews are _, which means _ in English.3. The history of the Hebrew people is recorded in _ of the Bible.4. The Hebrew people came to settle down in Palestine, known as _ at the time.5. The Old Testament is about_, and “Testament” means _.6. The New Testament is about _.7. The oldest and most important part of the Old Testament is called _ or _.8. It was _ who brought Hebrew people safely back to Palestine.9. It was _who united Hebrews.10. It was _who had Jerusalem established as political and religious capital.11. The former church in 6th century B.C. is called _.12. Pentateuch is also called _.13. _ made Christianity legal, as he issued _ in 313.14. In 392, Emperor _made Christianity official religion.15. By 300, each local church is called _with its fulltime leader, known as _.16. Several parishes were grounded together into a large unit called _, which were headed by a _.17. The Last Supper is recorded in _, and was put into painting by _.18. The Cruxifixion is recorded in _.19. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as _.20. The most extant Latin version of the whole Bible is _ which became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.21. The first English version of the whole Bible was translated by _.22. The most important and influential of English Bible is _ or _.23. _ and _ are called two great reservoirs of Modern English.24. The development of system of landed nobles is recorded in _ of the Old Testament.25. _ deals with the history of the Hebrew people from their entry into Palestine around 1200B.C. till the fall of Palestine into hands of Assyrians and Chaldeans in 586 B.C.26. The New Testament contains _ (how many) accounts which tell about the beginning of Christianity.III. 论述题：1 三种问法：How did Christianity come into being and develop in Europe?How did Christianity become the official religion of Roman Empire?How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change?2 What are the different translation editions of the Bible?3 Why do we say the Bible has shaped western culture more decisively than anything else ever written?4 What are the great influences that the English Bible has on the American and British literature?Division ThreeI. Special Terms Explanation:Age of Faith Feudalism Manor/castle Code of Chivalry Monasticism The Crusades Carolingian Renaissance Scholasticism National Epics Vernacular Language Gothic Architectural Style the Canterbury TalesII. 有可能出选择题，填空与判断题的内容：1 The Middle Ages is also called_, _ and _. (考试中，会任选其中一种说法作为选择题来考)2 The Middle Ages is the period in which three cultures were merged: _, _and _, respectively referring to _, _ and _.3 Western Roman Empire was overthrown in _(year).4 _(who) gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their services in 732.5 _ (who) can be vassals.6 _ (when) was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in western Europe.7 People in the western Europe in the Middle Ages were divided into three classes: _, _ and _.8 Between _ century and _ century, western Europe was the scene of frequent wars.9 Feudalism comes from the Latin word, _, which means _ in Latin.10 Knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called _.11 Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of _, calling for _ and _.12 _(which tribe) swept into Europe from central Asia in the latter part of fourth century, robbing and killing a large number of the half civilized Germanic tribes.13 Those who devoted their lands to large-land owners in return for protection, but still had their own freedom were called _.14 Those who came form cities or towns and devoted their freedom to large-land owners in return for protection were called _.15 Roman Catholic Church was divided into five classes: _, _, _, _ and _.16 Opus Maius was written by _.17 In Roman Catholic Church, “Catholic” means _.18 The monk, St. Benedict founded _ in about 529 A.D.19 In the Middle Ages, the Church even set up their own court called _.20 In the National Epics, vernacular languages meant _ with representative works: _in early English and _ in early French.21 In the Divine Comedy, Dante expressed _ ideas and foreshadowed the spirit of _.22 Chaucer was regarded as the first _ and the first _ with his famous work _, as the representative of _(英语的哪个发展时期)23. In 1054, Christianity was divided into _and _.24 The Middle Ages is a transitional period between _ times and _.25. The ceremony to grant the title “knight” is called _.26. _ translated the Old and New Testaments from Hebrew and Greek originals into Latin. His translation work, _, became the official Latin Bible used by Roman Catholic Church of this day.27. “The Confession” and “the City of the God” were written by _.28. Since _ (哪个历史事件)，Arabic numerals and algebra were introduced into Europe.29. The mock battles for knight training are known as _.30. _ paved the way for Modern English.31. The language used by Chaucer was _.III. 间答与论述题：1 Why is the Middle Ages called Age of Faith?Or Why do we say the Middle Ages is a religious age?2 How did feudalism derive and develop in the Middle Ages?Or How did feudalism establish its firm ruling position in Europe?3 What is the great power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Middle Ages?4 What positive influence does the Crusades exert on the European Culture?Or What is the great significance of the Crusades?5. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?6. How did literature develop in the Middle Ages?7. What is the importance of using vernacular languages in the Medieval Time?8. What is the difference between the vernacular languages used in the National Epics during the Middle Ages and the vernacular language used by Mark Twain?9. What was the merit shared by Charlemagne and Alfred the Great?10. How did the English Language develop and what is the representation of each stage?Or What stages did the English Language undergo?11. Why do we say using of vernacular languages in the Middle Ages signifies a transition?Division FourI. Special Terms Explanation:Renaissance Renaissance Art Reformation Counter-Reformation Calvinism the Jesuits ProtestantismII. 有可能出填空，选择与判断题的内容：1. During Renaissance, humanist thinkers and scholars introduced new ideas that expressed the interests of _.2. Renaissance stared in _ and _ with the flowering of painting, sculpture and architecture.3. At the heart of Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _which is also the core of humanism.4. Many of Petrarchs _ are written for Laura.5. The most representative painter of humanism was _ with his famous painting work _ and _.6. The statesman, _ of Italy in the Renaissance period has greatly influenced the political science in the west, called “Father of Western Political Science”.7. Under the reign of _, English began to embark on the road to colonization and foreign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.8. _ is the birth place of Renaissance.9. Madonna was _ (什么性质的油画)，painted by _.10. Man with the Glove was painted by _.11. Calvinism insisted on constructing a type of government known as _.12. After Reformation, in England a new form of church was established known as _ or _.13. During Counter-Reformation, _(教派名称) was devoted to defending the Roman Catholic Church with its head, _(首领名字).14. _ stressed hard work and thrifty way of life.15. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _.16. The representative author of Renaissance in Spain was _ with his famous literary work, _ with which the European novel entered a new stage17. The most representative author and humanist during Renaissance in England was _, and his four great tragedies are respectively _,_, _and_18. Columbus was the discoverer of _