欧洲文化入门复习题.doc

Division One

I. 有可能出的填空，选择题及判断题的内容:
.
1. European Culture is composed of _____________ and _____________________ as two major elements.
2. Greek culture reached its high point of development /climax in __________ (century).
3. All Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, King of Macedon in _________(century).
4. In _______, the Romans conquered Greece.
5. Homer wrote __________ and _____________, two famous epics.
6. ______________ is called “Father of History” in Greek Culture, who wrote the wars between ____________ and ________________________.
7. The famous writer who wrote comedy in Greek culture is named ______________.
8. “The great historian that ever lived” is said to praise _____________________(name).
9. The Dialectal Method is put forward by___________.
10. Academy was established by ______________________, whose philosophy is called ____________________.
11. Lyceum was established by _______________.
12. Leader of the Cynics is ____________________, and “cynic” means _____________.
13. The most important thing in life to the Stoics is _________________.
14. Elements, a textbook of geometry, was written by ___________.
15. The famous temples in ancient Greece are ____________________ and ______________.
16. The Romans enjoyed two hundred years of peaceful time, known as ________________.
17. In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium, renamed it ____________________(modern _____________).
18. After 395, the Roman Empire was divided into _____________ and _________.
19. The East Roman Empire fell to the ___________ in 1453.
20. “I came, I saw, I conquered” was written by _________________.
21. Two famous representatives of Roman architecture are ________________ and _________________________.
22. ________ said, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”.
23. Greek Culture has exerted great, positive influence on the later-on literature, such as Shelly’s ______________ and Byron’s ___________________.
24. The languages that were spoken by Greeks and Romans belong to ___________________(哪个语系).
25. The Roman Law, to some extent, protected the rights of ______________.
26. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there came ______________(什么时代) lasting one thousand years.
27. _____________’s (whose) “Prometheus Bound” is a parody adapted by _______________ (he wrote “Prometheus Unbound”).
28. Freud put forward _________________ based on the work, “Oedipus the King ” written by _____________.
29. The _________ was one of the similarities shared by Greeks and Romans as far as politics is concerned.
30. __________’s (whose) political speeches and discourses are the model of Latin diction.
31. The largest amphitheatre in ancient Rome is known as ______________.
32. ________ established the atomic theory.
33. ________ believed fire to be the primary element of the universe.
34. ________ established the dialectical method.
35. ________ was the founder of scientific mathematics.
36. The humanistic ideas can be traced back to ___(the name of a philosopher).
37. “The master of those who know” was written by Dante to praise ___________ (the name of a philosopher).
38. Zeno的介绍
II. 名词解释
democracy of ancient Greece Pax Romana Doric Style
Ionic Style the Sophists the Cynics the Sceptics
the Epicureans the Stoics Academy Lyceum
III. 简答与论述题：
1． 三种问法：
What is the limitation of “Democracy” in ancient Greece?
How do you understand “Democracy” in ancient Greece?
What is the difference between “Democracy” in ancient Greece and modern democracy?
2. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?
3. How did the ancient Greek philosophy develop?
4. How did the ancient Greek science develop?
5. What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle in terms of their philosophical ideas?
Or What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle in terms of their philosophical system?
6. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?
Or What positive influence did the Greek Culture exert on the world civilization?
7. What are difference and similarity between Greek culture and Roman culture?
8. How did Roman culture originate and develop?
9. How was Roman Empire disintegrated?
10. What styles can Greek architecture be classified into?
Or How does Greek architecture take different styles?
11. Explain Pax Romana.
12. What contribution did the Roman make to the rule of law?
Division Two

I. special Terms Explanation:

the Hebrews the Old Testament the New Testament Pentateuch Genesis Exodus Prophets the Book of Daniel the Historical Book

II. 有可能出填空，选择题及判断题的内容：

1. Judaism and Christianity are closely related because __________________________________.
2. The ancestors of the Jews are ________________, which means ___________ in English.
3. The history of the Hebrew people is recorded in __________________ of the Bible.
4. The Hebrew people came to settle down in Palestine, known as _____________ at the time.
5. The Old Testament is about_____________________, and “Testament” means _______________________________.
6. The New Testament is about _______________________.
7. The oldest and most important part of the Old Testament is called _______________ or ____________.
8. It was ______________ who brought Hebrew people safely back to Palestine.
9. It was ______________who united Hebrews.
10. It was ______________who had Jerusalem established as political and religious capital.
11. The former church in 6th century B.C. is called _______________.
12. Pentateuch is also called __________________.
13. _______________ made Christianity legal, as he issued _____________________ in 313.
14. In 392, Emperor _______________made Christianity official religion.
15. By 300, each local church is called ______________with its fulltime leader, known as _____________________.
16. Several parishes were grounded together into a large unit called _______________, which were headed by a _____________.
17. The Last Supper is recorded in __________________, and was put into painting by __________________.
18. The Cruxifixion is recorded in _____________________.
19. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as _________________.
20. The most extant Latin version of the whole Bible is _______________________ which became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.
21. The first English version of the whole Bible was translated by _________________.
22. The most important and influential of English Bible is _______________ or _______________________________.
23. _____________________ and _______________________ are called two great reservoirs of Modern English.
24. The development of system of landed nobles is recorded in _________________ of the Old Testament.
25. _________________ deals with the history of the Hebrew people from their entry into Palestine around 1200B.C. till the fall of Palestine into hands of Assyrians and Chaldeans in 586 B.C.
26. The New Testament contains _______ (how many) accounts which tell about the beginning of Christianity.
III. 论述题：

1． 三种问法：
How did Christianity come into being and develop in Europe?
How did Christianity become the official religion of Roman Empire?
How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change?
2． What are the different translation editions of the Bible?
3． Why do we say the Bible has shaped western culture more decisively than anything else ever written?
4． What are the great influences that the English Bible has on the American and British literature?

Division Three

I. Special Terms Explanation:

Age of Faith Feudalism Manor/castle Code of Chivalry Monasticism The Crusades Carolingian Renaissance Scholasticism National Epics Vernacular Language Gothic Architectural Style the Canterbury Tales

II. 有可能出选择题，填空与判断题的内容：

1． The Middle Ages is also called______________________, __________________ and ____________________________. (考试中，会任选其中一种说法作为选择题来考)
2． The Middle Ages is the period in which three cultures were merged: _____________________, _________________and _____________________________, respectively referring to _____________________________, ____________________ and _____________________________.
3． Western Roman Empire was overthrown in __________(year).
4． __________________(who) gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their services in 732.
5． ____________________ (who) can be vassals.
6． ____________________ (when) was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in western Europe.
7． People in the western Europe in the Middle Ages were divided into three classes: _____________, _______________ and _________________________.
8． Between ______________ century and ________________ century, western Europe was the scene of frequent wars.
9． Feudalism comes from the Latin word, ________________, which means ______________________ in Latin.
10． Knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called ____________________.
11． Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of _________________, calling for _________________ and _________________.
12． _____________(which tribe) swept into Europe from central Asia in the latter part of fourth century, robbing and killing a large number of the half civilized Germanic tribes.
13． Those who devoted their lands to large-land owners in return for protection, but still had their own freedom were called ________________.
14． Those who came form cities or towns and devoted their freedom to large-land owners in return for protection were called ________________.
15． Roman Catholic Church was divided into five classes: _____________, ________________, ______________, _________________ and __________________.
16． Opus Maius was written by _____________________.
17． In Roman Catholic Church, “Catholic” means ____________.
18． The monk, St. Benedict founded _______________________ in about 529 A.D.
19． In the Middle Ages, the Church even set up their own court called _____________________________.
20． In the National Epics, vernacular languages meant _____________________________ with representative works: ____________________in early English and _____________ in early French.
21． In the Divine Comedy, Dante expressed ________________ ideas and foreshadowed the spirit of _________________.
22． Chaucer was regarded as the first _________________ and the first _____________________ with his famous work _____________________, as the representative of ______________(英语的哪个发展时期)
23. In 1054, Christianity was divided into _____________and ___________________________.
24． The Middle Ages is a transitional period between ___________ times and ____________.
25. The ceremony to grant the title “knight” is called ___________.
26. ________________ translated the Old and New Testaments from Hebrew and Greek originals into Latin. His translation work, _______________, became the official Latin Bible used by Roman Catholic Church of this day.
27. “The Confession” and “the City of the God” were written by ___________________.
28. Since _____________ (哪个历史事件)，Arabic numerals and algebra were introduced into Europe.
29. The mock battles for knight training are known as __________.
30. ___________ paved the way for Modern English.
31. The language used by Chaucer was _________________.

III. 间答与论述题：

1． Why is the Middle Ages called Age of Faith?
Or Why do we say the Middle Ages is a religious age?
2． How did feudalism derive and develop in the Middle Ages?
Or How did feudalism establish its firm ruling position in Europe?
3． What is the great power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Middle Ages?
4． What positive influence does the Crusades exert on the European Culture?
Or What is the great significance of the Crusades?

5. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?
6. How did literature develop in the Middle Ages?
7. What is the importance of using vernacular languages in the Medieval Time?
8. What is the difference between the vernacular languages used in the National Epics during the Middle Ages and the vernacular language used by Mark Twain?
9. What was the merit shared by Charlemagne and Alfred the Great?
10. How did the English Language develop and what is the representation of each stage?
Or What stages did the English Language undergo?
11. Why do we say using of vernacular languages in the Middle Ages signifies a transition?

Division Four

I. Special Terms Explanation:

Renaissance Renaissance Art Reformation Counter-Reformation Calvinism the Jesuits Protestantism

II. 有可能出填空，选择与判断题的内容：

1. During Renaissance, humanist thinkers and scholars introduced new ideas that expressed the interests of __________________.
2. Renaissance stared in ___________ and ______________ with the flowering of painting, sculpture and architecture.
3. At the heart of Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _____________________which is also the core of humanism.
4. Many of Petrarch’s ________________ are written for Laura.
5. The most representative painter of humanism was ________________________ with his famous painting work ____________________ and _______________.
6. The statesman, ____________________ of Italy in the Renaissance period has greatly influenced the political science in the west, called “Father of Western Political Science”.
7. Under the reign of ______________________, English began to embark on the road to colonization and foreign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.
8. ________________ is the birth place of Renaissance.
9. Madonna was _______________ (什么性质的油画)，painted by _________________.
10. Man with the Glove was painted by __________________.
11. Calvinism insisted on constructing a type of government known as ______________________________.
12. After Reformation, in England a new form of church was established known as _______________ or _____________.
13. During Counter-Reformation, __________________(教派名称) was devoted to defending the Roman Catholic Church with its head, _____________________(首领名字).
14. ______________ stressed hard work and thrifty way of life.
15. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his ___________.
16. The representative author of Renaissance in Spain was ______________________ with his famous literary work, _____________________ with which the European novel entered a new stage
17. The most representative author and humanist during Renaissance in England was ________________________, and his four great tragedies are respectively ____________________,________________________, ______________________and______________________
18. Columbus was the discoverer of _________________