中考英语专题复习---主谓一致.doc

谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。语法一致原则1主语是不可数名词、单数名词或代词时，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数。如：He exercises every day.他每天做运动。They exercise every day.他们每天做运动。He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.2and 或 both.and.连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如：He and Jerry are students.他和杰瑞都是学生。Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.注意：(1)当 and 连接的两个名词指同一个人或物、概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：The writer and singer was invited to the party.那位作家兼歌手被邀请参加派对。His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(2)当 and 连接的名词被 each, every或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now.刚才每位男生和女生都得到了一个苹果。In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.3当主语后面跟有 with, without, together with, along with, except, besides, but, as well as, like, including 等介词短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致(即“就远原则”)。如：Susan with her family works on the farm.苏珊和她的家人在田里干活。He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.4动词不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：To be a pilot is his dream. 成为一名飞行员是他的梦想。To work hard is necessary for a student.5由不定代词 either, neither, each, one, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, something, anything, nothing, everything 等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Everybody is here.所有人都到齐了。Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.6. 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people(people 指“民族”时除外), police, cattle, clothes等形式上是单数但意义上是复数，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：The police are running after a thief.警察们正在追赶一个小偷。A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for the lost boy.意义一致原则1news 以及科目名称 maths, physics, politics 等，本身不表示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数。如：I think physics is an interesting subject.我认为物理是一门有趣的学科。2有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors，pants等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Where are my shoes? I cant find them.Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them.但当它们前面有 pair of, kind of 等量词修饰时，则根据量词的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.This kind of shoes is new.这种款式的鞋子是新的。My new shoes are very beautiful.我的新鞋很漂亮。3表示时间、长度、距离、价格、金钱、重量等的短语作主语时，常表示一个整体概念，谓语动词通常用单数。如：200 miles is a long way to go. 200 英里是很长的一段路。Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.4集体名词如 family, class, group, team 等作主语，表示整体时谓语动词用单数，表示集体中的具体成员时用复数。如：The class wins the prize.这个班获得了奖项。The class are all carefully reading the book.全班学生都在仔细地读这本书。My family is big one.My family are watching TV.5“the 姓氏的复数形式”(表示夫妇或一家人)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The Smiths like watching TV.史密斯一家人喜欢看电视。6. “定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The old think the young are happier than them.老人们认为年轻人比他们幸福。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.7分数、百分比及half of, part of, lots of, the rest of，all, most, more, some, any, none等后接单数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；接复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。如：70% of the earth is covered with water.70%的地球表面被水覆盖。60% of the teachers in our school are women.我们学校 60%的老师是女的。It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.8“a number of复数可数名词”表示“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of复数可数名词”表示“的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：A number of birds are on the island.岛上有大量的鸟儿。The number of the cups is 10.杯子的数量是 10 个。9. 疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Who is your brother? Who are League members?10. 由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：What she said is correct.What she left me are a few old books.就近一致原则1在there be句型和以here开头的句子中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：There is a river and two big trees there.那边有一条河和两棵大树。There are two apples and one egg in it. Here is Jim and his parents.这是吉姆和他的父母。Here is a letter and some books for you.2由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, not.but.等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon.今天下午要么你要么他得待在家里。【实例解析】1.How time flies! Ten years _ passed.A. have B. has C. is D. are答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。2.Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back.A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone答案：D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not onlybut also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。3.Neither my father _ going to see the patient.A. nor I am B. nor I areC. or me are D. or me is答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neithernor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。4.Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）【中考演练】一. 选择填空1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were2. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also3. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B4. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each5. Are there any _ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep6. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are7. -Two months _ quite a long time. -Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were8. The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all9. Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time. A. be B. is C. are D. were10. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. was C. are D. were11. Most of the houses _ this year. A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built12. I think maths _ very difficult to learn. A. is B. are C. has D. have13. A large number of students _ to work in Xingjiang. A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going14. The number of the students in the class _ small.A. are B. is C. have D. were15. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper.A. is B. are C. was D. were二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. _ (be) everything OK?2. Nobody _ (know) the answer to the question.3. Ten divided by two _ (be) five.4. Most of the drinking water _ (be) from the Black River.5. Not only she but also I _ (do) morning exercises every day.6. Either you or she _ (have) made a wrong decision.7. The family _(be) spending the weekend together.8. Bread and butter _ (be) her daily breakfast.9. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.10. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.三. 翻译下列句子1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。_.2.我的茶杯里没有水了。_.3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。_.4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。_.5.我们家正在一起度周末。_.【练习答案】一. 1. B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A二. 1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was; were三. 1.Neither of us has seen the film.2.There is no water in my cup.3.Either he or I is going there.4.Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.5.Our family are spending the weekend together.一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1No one_ (know) the answer to the question.2 Most of the drinking water_ (be) from the Red River.3Either you or he_ (have) made a wrong decision.4The class_ (be) spending the weekend together.5Bread and milk_ (be) a fast food.二、单句改错1There are an apple and a cat on the desk._2Both Jim and Kelly is listening to the music._3Tom with a cat are climbing the tree._4This family have a big garden._5Neither Kim nor I likes playing football._)1.Both Li Lei and Han Meimei_ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.I am also deeply moved by its stories!Ais Bam Cwas DAre)2. Thanks to the organization , some money _ given to the poor children.Awas Bwere CAre)3. Either Ted or Bob _ good enough to be a member of the school team.Ais Bare Cbecome)4. _ the parents _the son is enjoying the film.ABoth; and BNeither; or CNot only; but also)5.What does the fresh juice contain ?_of the juice _ orange. Its very pure.AFour-fifth; are BFour-fifths; areCFour-fifth; is DFour-fifths; is )6.David, there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk.Please put them away.OK.Mum.Ill do it right away.A. is Bare Chas DHave)7. Where _ my glasses? I cant find them.A.is Bare Cwas)8. The number of teachers in our school _ greatly increased last term.A number of teachersin this school _ from the countryside.A. was; is Bwas; are Cwere; are Dwere; is)9.He, together with his parents, _ going to visit Shanghai in July.How about you?Im afraid I have to stay at home _.A. are; on my own Bis; by myself Cis; by my own D. are; on myself)10. Robert with his two kids _ to the beach for vacation every year.A. go Bgoes Cwent Dare going)11. I asked for some more milk, but there _ none left.A. are Bwere Cwas)12.The number of the students in our class _ fifty-six.How many of _ are girls?A. is; them Bare; them Cis; they D. are; they)13. _ of the land in that country _ covered with tree and grass.A. Two five; is BTwo fifths; are CTwo five; are DTwo fifths; is