时态经典试题-超好用!.doc

时态
1.一般现在时
①定义：表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或表示现在的状态、特征；或真理，公理。
②标志：often, usually, every..., ...times a ...等时间状语
③形式：一般用动词原形，第三人称单数做主语位于动词用-s 形式。
④翻译：无特殊翻译。
Planning so far ahead makes no sense.
⑤特殊考点：
*表示客观事实，普遍真理，自然现象用现在时态，且不受主从影响。
When I was a child, my Granny always told me that Life is like walking in the snow because every step shows.
*在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时态表将来。
Will you go to the manager’s office immediately you arrive?
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking in the mountain.
注意if 从句中也可能出现will 但是表示的意思是“愿意”而不是将来时态。
If you will wait, please sit there for a few minutes.
*表示按照时刻表规定发生的动作，用现在时态。
The flight takes off at 2:30 according to the timetable.

2.一般过去时
① 定义：表示在过去的某的时刻或某一时间段内发生的动作，存在的状态。
② 标志：yesterday, in 1997,last..., ...later, ...ago等时间状语
③ 形式：v-ed
④ 翻译：...了
The three of us travelled around Europe for about a month last summer.
⑤ 特殊考点：过去时态与现在完成时的比较

3.一般将来时
①定义：一般将来时表示将来会出现的动作或状态。
②标志：tomorrow, next..., in..., this...等时间状语
③形式：
④翻译:将...，会...
*will/shall+动词原形：一般用法，表示将来可能的动作或状态；或说话者临时决定去做某事。
You will learn a lot as long as you study hard.
I’m sorry. I will clean the blackboard at once.
注意will/shall 还有很多种用法，如表示“事物性质或倾向等...”不是将来时而是这两个词当做情态动词使用。
Could you help me? The door won’t open.
*be going to表示打算；或客观的将来事实与客观迹象表明的情况
I’m going to write to Henry this evening.
There is going to be an English evening for all the freshmen in our university.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
*be to表示安排了的不可更改的将来动作；或表示说话人的意志，决心，意图，职责，义务，命令等语气; 或表示 “注定要...”
Everyone of us are to work for extra hours tonight.
You have to water these flowers if they are to survive.
People without determination are to fail in this field.
*be about to表示正要，常与when 连用
*be at/on the point of doing sth常表示即将发生某种变化
Look, the baby is on the point of crying.
⑤特殊考点
*现在时态表将来。
*现在进行时表将来。

4.过去将来时：would do由于主从影响出现的时态。
She told us she would not give up.

5现在完成时
①定义：表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，并有可能强调对现在产生了影响。
②标志：recently,in/over the past ...years, ever,never,for(常现完，也可能过去)，already,yet,since（主句中）,up to now,by now, so far.
③形式：has/have done
④翻译：...了；已经...(了)；...过
His first novel has received good reviews since it came out
⑤特殊考点：
*在以下几种固定句型中使用现在完成时态：
It is the first/... time that
It is the first time that I have been to South Korea.
It is the most ... that
It is the best decision that I have ever made.
*过去时态和现在完成时态的区别
●过去时态是指动作在过去某时间发生，现在并没有发生；而现在完成时只过去式这样，现在也有可能是这样。
I was blamed by my parents for my bad performance yesterday. But today is another day,so I have to cheer up.
I have received a lot of support from my friends these years. So I seem surrounded by happiness.
●过去时态的句子常常有明确的过去时间和/或地点状语(除非是因重复而省略)；而现在完成时态有可能没有时间地点状语或接了标志性时间状语。
I have lost my purse.
I lost my purse yesterday in the street.
●过去时态的句子是表示过去；但现在完成时还可能强调对现在产生影响，之后有很多描述。
--Look,Somebody has cleaned the Sofa.
--Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.

6.现在完成进行时have been doing
使用的情况与现在完成时相似，只是现在完成进行时更加强调一直处于做此事的状态，从上下文可以看出是否强调。
I have been painting the wall for a whole afternoon. My arms are numb now.
I have painted the wall of the living room. It looks more beautiful.

7.过去完成时had done使用情况：
① 表示“过去的过去”常与by, by the time..., before..., when... 搭配使用，表示在这些时间状语发生的动作之前已经...; 或者在主从句中表示之前已经。
By the time he returned home, I had been asleep.
He said he had found another job.
② 与 “expect,hope,plan,suppose,think, intend, mean,want”搭配使用，表示 “原本...”
I had planned to travel, but my daughter got sick.
③ 在一下固定结构中
*hardly.... when...;scarecely...when...;no sooner...than...
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
*It was the ... time that...
It was the second time that he had made the same mistake.

8.将来完成时
by +将来的时间，或by the time加现在时态表将来从句，它们作状语时，主句用将来完成时。
By the end of this year, we will have finished reviewing Module 4.

9.现在进行时
①定义：表示说话时，或现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
②标志：now(常见),while（常见）并无太多绝对的标志
③形式：is/am/are doing
④翻译：正在
I am preparing supper for my son, so I can’t chat with you over the phone.
⑤特殊考点：
*现在进行时表将来：据计划，安排或预计短暂将来要发生的动作。常见动词为：go, come, leave, arrive, return, begin, do, die,lose.
I am leaving for Paris.
The plant is dying.
*现在进行时常与副词always, forever, requently, contituously, all the time 连用，表示 “不满，抱怨”也可表示 “赞赏”的语气。
She is always finding fault with others.
My parents are continuously supporting me!
*现在进行时也可表示一直处于某过程中，有 “越来越...”之意
You are damaging your health by playing computer games everday.

10.过去进行时was/were doing常见标志 at this time yesterday..., when/while+did/ was doing
I was playing basketball at this time yesterday.
Could you repeat it? I was thinking about something else (when/while you were speaking)

11.将来进行时：will be doing表安排或预计将来某个时间点或一段时间正在发生的动作。
Don’t phone me between 7 and 9 o’ clock tomorrow, because I will be having a meeting.
Exercises
1. The violin will have to be tuned before it _____.
A. is played B. should play C. plays D. is being played
2. By the time you arrive in London, we _____ in Europe for two weeks.
A. had stayed B. shall stay C. will have stayed D. have been staying
3.I ___ with some friends until I find a flat.
A. am living B. live C. have lived D. will have lived
4.All the preparations for the task _____, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
5. I thought I ____ the door, but it is still open
A. had closed B. was closing C. have closed D. would close
6.You ____ television. Why not do something more active?
A.always watch B.are always watching C.have always watched D.have always been watching
7.---It seems that she is thinking about something.
---Yes, she cannot remember what key she ____ to her computer.
A .set B. has set C. had set D. sets
8. ---Why weren’t you at the meeting?
---I ____ an important visitor from the UK in my office.
A. expected B. had been expecting C. was expecting D. had expected
9.I have no idea what ____ while I was asleep.
A. has happened B. was happened C. had happened D. happened
10.--Have you moved into the new house?
--Not yet, the rooms _____.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. have been painting
11. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
12.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
13. --- Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.
--- You ______ something.
A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left
14. --- I ______ so busily recently that I ______ no time to help you with your math.
--- That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.
A. have been working; have B. have worked; had
C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had
15. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me.
A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write
16. He ______ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.
A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak
17. I ____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
18. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _____ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing
19. The traffic in our city is already good and it ______ even better.
A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting
20. --- Where do you think ______ he ______ the computer?
--- Sorry. I have no idea.
A. has; bought B. 不填; bought C. did; buy D. 不填; buys