宾语从句.doc

宾语从句（Object Clauses）
一、         基础知识归纳
（一）   宾语从句的语法意义及构成
主+谓（vt.）+引导词+主+谓+（其他成分）
主句 宾语从句
1．  在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
He said he was good at drawing.
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.
2．  宾语从句的引导词有三类：
（1）       以that引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导从句，that可省略。
The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.
She told me (that) she would like to go with us. 
（2）       以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why等引导的宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。
Could you tell me what’s the matter with you?
I want to know how soon it will begin.
（3）       以whether或if引导的宾语从句，虽具有疑问意义，但从句用陈述语序。
I wonder if / whether you have told the news to Li Lei.

3．  宾语从句的时态
（1）       当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。
I want to know what time he got up this morning.
You are telling me that you won’t stop until tomorrow?
（2）       如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the US soon.
（3）       如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理或自然现象时，其时态常用一般现在时。
Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
巧记小贴士：一般情况下，whether和if可互用，但有些情况例外。
1．  当从句作介词的宾语时，只用whether。
We are talking about whether we’ll go on the picnic.
2．  引导词与动词不定式或or not连用时，只用whether.
Could you tell me whether to go or not.
3．  if当“如果”讲，引导条件状语从句时，不能用whether.
You can’t work the plan out if you don’t have the meeting. 
（二）   宾语从句的引导词用法
类型
例句
连
词
引
导
that（在口语或非正式文体中常省略）
She said (that) it was very cold in Moscow.
I am sure (that) you will succeed.

whether或if (是否)
Henry asked if/whether they had a cheaper shirt.
Could you tell me if/whether Mrs. King lives here.

连
接
代
词
引
导
which （哪一个；哪一些）
Please tell him which class you are in.

what （什么）

Do you know what she likes most?
who （谁）

Can you tell me who will see us off this afternoon?
whom （谁）

He asked me whom I was waiting for.
whose （谁的）

I can’t decide whose advice I should take.
连
接
副
词
引
导
where （何处）

Could you tell us where the nearest post office is?
when （何时）

The stranger doesn’t know when the ship arrives.
why （为什么）

I didn’t understand why the boy had so many questions.
how （如何）

Please ask the guide how we get to the place.

巧记小贴士：宾语从句时态呼应口诀
主句谓动过去时，从句必过要一致。主句谓动现将来，从句时态看具体。
明确过去从不变，真理格言现在时。

 二、         重点难点必记
1．  使用宾语从句应注意的几个问题
注意事项及说明
例句
从句
语序
无论是连接代词，还是连接副
词所引导的宾语从句，其从句
都用陈述语序。
She asked the boys if they had extra hats.
Do you know which class the girl is in?
时
态
呼
应
主句是过去式，从句的时态也
应是过去时。
He answered he was listening to me.
主句用过去时，只要从句有具
体的时间状语，该从句仍用一
般过去时。
Lily told us she was born on May 5, 1998.
主句用过去时，但只要从句所
叙述的是客观真理、格言，从
句时态仍用一般现在时。
The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.
主句是现在时或将来时，从句
用所需要的时态。
He says he will be back in an hour.
形容词后的
宾语从句
常见形容词：afraid, glad, sure,
sorry, happy, pleased, surprised,
certain, disappointed, satisfied等。
I’m sure that our team will win.
I’m not sure whether/if he will leave or stay.
介词后的
宾语从句
某些介词后也可跟从句。
I am interested in how we use computers.
That depends on whether we have enough people.
如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则要用it
作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
You may think it strange that he would live there.
We thought it wrong that you hadn’t helped her.
否定的转移：在think, believe, suppose, expect
等动词引导的宾语从句中，尽管从句的谓语是
否定意思，但却不用否定形式，而要将think
等动词变为否定式。
I don’t think you are right. 我想你不对。
I don’t believe he’s finished his work yet.
我相信他还没有干完。

2．  宾语从句和状语从句的区分
（1）       I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
（2）       I don’t know if the train has arrived.
解析：
句（1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。“如果明天天气好，我就出去。”
句（2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语。“我不知道火车是否到达。”
小结：
①     从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
②     从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether, 译为“是否”， 充当状语从句的连接词是，译为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词是，译为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，译为“当……的时候”。
③     从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词引导条件和时间状语从句时，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
巧记小贴士：
1．  在hope, believe, guess, think, expect, say以及be afraid等词语后，可用“so”代替一个宾语从句（指代上文涉及之事）。
如：We will have a good weather tomorrow.
I hope so.
2．  若接否定的宾语从句时，也直接用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。
如：I hope/believe not. I’m afraid not.
而believe, think, expect等的否定回答可用：I don’t believe/think/expect so.
也可用：I believe /think/expect not.
如：Do you believe /think/expect the two men on Shenzhou Ⅵ will get into trouble?
I believe/think/expect not. 或 I don’t believe/think/expect so.

练习题
I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．

A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.

A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?

A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?

A. how did he mend B. what did he mend

C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.

A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking

C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?

A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live

7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?

A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players

C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.

A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings

C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.

A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean

C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means

II. 按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）

→Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）

→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．

3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）

_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）

I want to know _________ the train _________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)

They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)

Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.

宾语从句专项训练参考答案：

I. 1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD
II. 1. if／whether; enjoys 2. if／whether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves

5. didn't; until 6. whether; came