现在完成时态与过去时态的区别.doc

The Present Perfect Tense
王朴中学 喻梅
一. 教学目标设计：
复习现在完成时态的用法和与一般现在时态的区别,通过对两个时态的对比让学生进一步掌握它们的用法.
二、教材重、难点：过去完成时态的熟练运用。
三、教学过程
(一) . 现在完成时态的构成
have/has + done(动词的过去分词)
我已经看了那部电影。I have seen the film.
他还没有看过那部电影。He hasn’t seen the film.
他们看过那部电影了吗？Have they seen the film?
是的，他们看了。(不,他们还没有。) Yes, they have. (No, they haven’t)
动词的过去分词的构成
1.规则动词finish--finished--finished
live--lived--lived
carry--carried--carried
stop—stopped--stopped
2.不规则动词go—went—gone
see---saw—seen
forget—forgot--forgotten
(二). 现在完成时态的用法
1. 表示过去某时间发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常常与already, yet, just, ever, before, never, so far等时间状语连用。

2. 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。常常与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语或时间状语从句连用。这种用法中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。

3. Fill in the blanks.
(1).–Can you ____(lend) me your dictionary?
I __________(lose) mine .
(2).–John, _____you _______ (return) my ladder yet?
–Not yet. Don’t worry. I___________ (return) it soon.
(3).–Wendy, _____ you ever ______ (write) a letter to your aunt?
–Yes, I _____. I ______(write) one last week.
(三). 一般过去时与现在完成时态的区别
1. 两种时态都发生在过去，但一般过去时态和现在没有联系，只是一个过去的事实；而现在完成
强调与现在的关系。
一般过去时态（过去的动作）
He posted the letter yesterday.
现在完成时态 （现在的状态）
He has posted the letter already.
I had lunch at home. 我在家里吃的午饭。
I’ve had lunch at home. 我已经在家吃过午饭了。
I have lived in Sydney for three days. 我在这儿已经三天了。
I lived in Sydney for three days. 我在悉尼住过三天。
I got up. （×）改为：
I have got up. 或 I got up at 6:00.
2. 两种时态的时间标志
一般过去时态: just now, ago, last week, yesterday
现在完成时态 just, ever, never, before, already, yet
lately = recently = in the recent years 最近
since (yesterday, 1964, two years ago)
in the last few days = in past few years
for a long time (two years)
so far, till (until) now, these days
3. Fill in the blanks.
(1) - Do you like the movie“Kongfu"?
-I don't know. I ______________(see, never) that movie. ____ you ______ (see) it already?
- Yes, of course. I ____(see) it a month ago.
(2). Sam _______(arrive) in New York a week ago.
(3).They ________________ (visit, never) Africa, but they _____________ (travel) to South America several times. The last time they _____(go) to South America, and _______(visit) Brazil and _______ (hike) for a week.
(四) 现在完成时态的用法
1．have/has gone to 去了某地（还没有回来）
have/has been to 去过某地（回来 了）
(1). 李雷去哪里了？Where has Li Lei gone?
(2). 你去过北京吗？Have you been to Beijing?
Choose gone or been
(1). She has ______ to Hainan twice.
(2). Dad isn’t in. He has _____ to Chengdu on business.
(3). Where have you ______? Someone called you, but I couldn’t find you just now.
2. 表示过去某时间发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常常与already, yet, just, ever, before, never, so far等时间状语连用。
3. 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。常常与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语或时间状语从句连用。这种用法中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。
表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for, since短语或how long问句
常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词
come/arrive have been here go out have been out
leave have been away (from) begin have been on
buy have had borrow have kept
join have been a member of / have been in get up have been up
open have been open finish/end have been over
die have been dead catch a cold have had a cold
例1
他已经离开重庆了。 He has left Chongqing.
他没在重庆。 He isn’t in Chongqing. / He is away from Chongqing.
他已经离开重庆三年了。He hasn’t been in Chongqing for three years.
He has been away from Chongqing for three years.
例 2
我两个月前买的这台电脑。(强调buy的动作）I bought the computer two months ago.
我现在有一台电脑。(强调have这一状态） I have a computer now.
我买这台电脑两个月了。 I have had the computer for two months.

练一练
1. 改一改
(1). How long have you become a league member？For more than one year. (been)
(2). Have you arrived here since last night. (been) Yes, you’re right.
(3). The dog has died for a month. (been dead)
(4). He has gone to Shanghai twice.
(5). How long have you been at this school? Since two years. (for)
2. 同义句转换
(1). They came to Chongqing last year.
= They ____ ___ __ Chongqing ____ last year.
(2).He began to learn Chinese in 2001.
He _____ _______ Chinese since 2001.
(3).The film began two minutes ago.
The film _____ ______ ______ since two minutes ago.
(4).He has had the motorbike for two years.
It’s two years ______he ________ the motorbike.
He ________ the motorbike two years ______.
(5). He left Chongqing two years ago.
= He ___ ____ ____ ____ Chongqing ______ two years ago.