(整理)数词、连词.doc

数 词

数词主要分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。
一．基数词
1. 构成：
(1) 1—12 单独记。 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten ,
eleven , twelve .
(2) 13—19 词尾都有teen . thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen．但thirteen， fifteen， eighteen需要特殊记。
(3) 20—90 整十的词尾都以ty结尾。twenty , thirty , forty , fifty , sixty , seventy, eighty , ninety .
(4) “几十几” 要加连字符合“-”。如：21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six
(5) “几百几” 或“几百几十几” 加and．如： 101 one hundred and one
320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight
(6) 千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字为千( thousand )，第二个“，”前面的数字为百万 ( million )，第三个“，”前的数字为 十亿( billion )。如：
2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,364 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand three hundred and sixty-four
5,237,166,234 five billion two hundred and thirty-seven million one hundred and sixty-six thousand two hundred and thirty-four
2. 用法：
(1) 表示数量。如：There are fifty students in our class. 我们班有50个学生。
(2) 表示年龄和年份。如：He was born in 1998. 他出生于1998年。
(3) 表示时刻。表示时间有两种方法：
1. 钟点+分钟 如：8:20 eight twenty 2. 用介词past或to表示。
表示“几点过几分”用past，但分钟数须在30以内，分钟数放在past之前。如： 9:16 sixteen past nine 10:28 twenty-eight past ten
表示“几点差几分”用to，但分钟数须在30以上，分钟数放在to之前。如：
9:40 twenty to ten 11:45 a quarter to twelve 7:55 five to eight
(4) 表示顺序。如：Class Five, Room 218.
(5) 基数词在表示确切的数字时，使用百、千、百万、十亿的单数形式，如：
two hundred 两百 five thousand 五千。 但是，当基数词表示不确切数字时，则以复数形式出现，并与of连用。如：There are hundreds of people in the hall． 大厅里有数以百计的人。 Thousands of people come to visit the Great Wall every day.每天有成千上万的人来参观长城。
(6) 表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。in his thirties．在他三十多岁时，in 1950s在20世纪50年代。
(7) “基数词+单数可数名词+形容词”作定语修饰名词。如：
a fourteen-year-old boy一个14岁的男孩
二．序数词
1. 构成：
(1) “第一”, “第二”，”第三” 分别是first , second , third.
(2) “第四” 到“第十九”除了fifth , eighth , ninth , twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都是在相应基数词后面加th构成。
(3) 整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y 为i 再加eth 构成。如：
twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth fifty—fiftieth ninety—ninetieth
(4) 第一百hundredth 第一千thousandth 第一百万millionth
(5) 有个位数的基数词只要变化个位数。如：
twenty-one ---- twenty-first seventy-five--- seventy-fifth
2. 用法：
(1). 序数词表示顺序。在用序数词表示顺序时，要在序数词前加the,序数词后的名词要用单数。如： John lives on the fifteenth floor. 约翰住在第十五层。
(2) 序数词表示日期。日期可按日、月、年的顺序表示，也可按月、日、年的顺序表示。年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。如：
1949年10月1日读作：October (the) first , nineteen forty-nine
2004年9月10日读作：September (the) tenth , two thousand and four
(3) 分数的表示：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：1/4 one fourth 4/5 four fifths 3/4 three fourths ( three quarters)
三．数词的其他用法 ：
(1) 小数点的表示：小数点读作point，其余的按基数词读出。如：
0.2 zero point two 3.4 three point four 5.78 five point seven eight
(2) 百分数的表示：百分号读作percent.
0.5% zero point five percent 36% thirty-six percent
(3) 表示倍数关系。表示“一倍”once, 表示“两倍”twice, 表示“三倍”或“三倍以上的倍数用times. 如：Our school is twice as big as theirs.
(4) 数词前加every，表示“每隔一段时间”。如：every two days 每隔两天。
(5) 与数目有关的词语。half 一半, several 几个, a few 几个, a dozen 一打, a score 二十

数词练习：
(     ) 1. Lincoln was born on ________.
  A. February 12, 1809  B. 1809, February 12  
C. 1809, 12 February   D. February 1809,12
(      ) 2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.
  A. ten-years-old    B. ten years old    C. ten-year-old     D. fifth years old
(      ) 3. Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?
  A. two     B. the two     C. second     D. the second
(      ) 4. ---How many students are there in your class? --- ________.
  A. Twenty nine     B. Thirty and two     C. Forty-five     D. fifties
( ) 5. Which number is wrong? _______.
  A. Ninety     B. Ninteen      C. Ninth      D. Nineteenth
( ) 6. The number 4,123 is read _______.
  A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three 
B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three
  C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three 
D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three
(      ) 7. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.
  A. in his sixty    B. in his sixties     C. in sixties     D. in the sixty
(      ) 8. This classroom is ________ ours.
  A. three times big as  B. as three times big as 
C. three times as big as  D. as big three times as
(   ) 9. Which of the following is wrong? ________.
  A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy.        B. He is at the age of 15.
  C. He is a boy of 15.                D. He is fifteen year old.
(   ) 10. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.
  A. nine hundreds of   B. nine hundred    C. nine hundreds     D. nine hundred of
(    ) 11. ---How many new words are there in _____ lesson? ---There are only _____.
  A. five; fifth      B. fifth; five      C. the fifth; the five      D. the fifth; five
(    ) 12. ________, Coca-Cola began to enter China's market.
  A. In 1970's    B. In 1970s     C. In the 1970s'     D. In the 1970s
(    ) 13. Which room do you live in? ________.
  A. The 201 Room    B. Room 201     C. Room 201st    D. The 201's Room
(    ) 14. How many magazines do you have? I have ________.
  A. two     B. both      C. twice      D. the second
(    ) 15. Three hundred thousand one hundred and seventy means ________.
  A. 3,170     B. 3,117      C. 300,170       D. 30,17
(    ) 16. On May ________, ________ people traveled round the country.
  A. the first, millions    B. the first, millions of   
C. first, the millionth    D. first, millions
(    ) 17. It's 7:17 is read ________.
  A. seven and seventeen   B. seven seven   C. seven one seven    D. seven seventeen
(     ) 18. There are ________ days in a year.
  A. three hundred sixty and five           B. three hundred and sixty-five
  C. three hundreds and sixty-five          D. three hundred sixty-five
(     ) 19. There are ________ students in that school.
  A. two thousand eight-six               B. two thousand eighty-six
  C. two thousand and eighty-six           D. two thousands and eighty-six
(     ) 20. It took me ________ to get there.
  A. two hours and a half                 B. two hours and half
  C. two hour and a half                  D. two hour and half
(    ) 21. September is _________ month of the year.
  A. the nineth      B. the ninth      C. nineth       D. ninth
(     ) 22. Please pass me _______ book on the left.
  A. third      B. three       C. the third        D. the three
(     )23. ________ is a very tall boy.
  A. The twelve     B. The twelveth      C. The twelfeth       D. The twelfth
(     ) 24. We have known each other for ________.
  A. a year and half    B. a year with half     C. a year and a half    D. a year with a half
(    ) 25. ---“What year is it?” ---“It's ________.”
  A. nineteen hundred and ninety-seven       B. nineteen and ninety-seven
  C. nineteen ninety and seven              D. nineteen ninety-seven
(    ) 26. ---“What's the date today?” ---“It's _________.”
  A. Tuesday       B. June Fourth        C. June the four       D. June the fourth
(      )27. Which lesson did you learn yesterday? ________.
  A. Lesson Seven    B. Lesson seventh    C. The 7 Lesson   D. 7 Lesson
(    ) 28. There will be a comedy on TV at ________ this evening.
  A. seven past thirty B. half past seven   C. seven the thirty   D. thirty to seven
(     ) 29. I'm so tired after ________ walk.
  A. three hours      B. three hours'      C. three hour's      D. three hour
(     ) 30. There are ________ stars in the sky.
  A. million of     B. millions of      C. the million      D. a million of

介词
课标考点
1. 掌握介词表时间、方位、方式的基本用法。
2. 能够区分一些易混介词。
3. 熟练运用介词短语。
考点一：表示时间的介词
1. in(1).用着时间、年份、季节、月份、不特定的上、下午和晚上等词前面。如：in the twentieth century 在20世纪，in1998 在1998年，in the 1950s 在20世纪50年代,in spring 在春天, in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/ 下午/ 晚上。
(2)表示“在--- 之后”， 后面接一段时间，多用于将来时。如：We are going to Shanghai in two days. 我们将在两天后去上海。
2. at (1).用在钟点、中午、夜晚和拂晓的前面。如：at five o’clock 在五点；at noon 在中午；at night 在夜晚。
(2).用在一些固定短语中。如：at the beginning of 在--- 开始； at the end of 在--- 结尾； at the same time 同时； at the age of 在--- 岁时； at times 有时。
3.on(1).表示在具体的某一天的上、下午。如：on the morning of August 在八月八号上午； on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早上。
(2).表示在具体的某一天。如：on July 1st，2012. 在2012年七月一日；
(3).用在星期、节日前。如：on Saturday 在星期六；on Teachers’ Day 在教师节。
4.by 用来表示“在--- 之前，到--- 时”的结构为“by + 时间点”，常与完成时连用。如：
How many English words had you learned by the end of last term? 到了上学期期末你学了多少个英语单词？
5.for “for +一段时间” 常与现在完成时连用。如：I have had this book for a long time. 我买这本书好长时间了。
6.since “since+时间点/ 含有过去时的句子”也常与现在完成时连用。如：I have taught in No.12 Middle school since 1989. 我从1989年就在第十二中学教书。
He has lived here since he was born. 自从出生以来他就住这里了。
7.during意思是“在…期间”后面接名称、代词、动名词，用于某一特定的一段时间，表示时间上的延续。如：We will visit Shanghai during this summer holiday. 在这个暑假期间我们要参观上海。
8. after“after +时间段” 表示过去的一段时间以后；“after +将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
考点二：表示地点的介词
1. at (1)用于小地点前面。如：at the door 在门口 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
(2)表示“在……附近/旁边”。如；at table 在吃饭。
(3)用于门牌号前面。如： I live at No.200, Nanjing Road. 我住在南京路200号。
(4)表示“在……前/后”。如：I sit at the front/back of the classroom. 我坐在教室的前面/后面。
2. on(1).表示一物放在另一物的上面，两者紧贴在一起。如：The book is on the table.这本书在桌子上。
(2).表示“紧邻”。如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S. 加拿大位于美国北部。
(3).表示“在……左/右边”。如：Li Ping is on my left. 李平在我左边。
(4).用于路名前。如：He lives on Nanjing Road. 他住在南京路。
3. in (1)用于较大的地点前，如大城市、国家、洲等。如：He live in Beijing.他住在北京。
(2)表示“包含”。如：Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国北部。
(3)表示“在……排/行/组”。如：We are in Team One. 我们在第一组。
4. to (1) 表示“没接触”。如；France lies to the south of England. 法国位于英国南部。
(2) 表示目的地或去的目的。如：Will you take a train to Tianjin? 你讲坐火车去天津吗？
5. under 表示“在……下方”。如：They are under the tree. 他们在树下。
6.across 着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。如：She went across the street to buy some fruit. 她穿过这条街去买些水果。
7.through 着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。如；The sunlight was coming in through the window. 阳光透过窗户射了进来。
考点三：其他介词
1. of 用于成品与材料的性质不变时。如；The desk is made of wood. 课桌是由木头做成的。
2. from用于成品与材料的性质已变时。如；Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄做的。
3. in 表示“用材料、语言”。如：Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说它吗？
4. with 表示“用工具、某物”。如：with a pen. 用笔。
5. by表示“用/以/靠/通过……的方法”。如：He prefers traveling by car. 他更喜欢乘汽车旅行。
6. on 表示使用一些无线电工具。如：I often talk with my friends on the phone.我经常通过电话与朋友聊天。
7. between 表示“在两者之间”。如：Don’t sit between the two girls.不要坐在这两个女孩之间。
8. among 表示“在……当中（三者或以上）”。如：They lived among the mountains in the past. 过去他们住在山里。
9. besides 表示“除……之外（全部计算在内）”。如：We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang. 除了李芳之外，我们也见过鳄鱼。
10. except 表示“除……之外（不计算在内）”。如：We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.在我们班，除了Tom 外，我们都是中国人。
11. from…to 表示“从……到……”
考点四：重点介词短语
at home 在家 at school 在学校 at work 在工作 at once 立刻 at night 在晚上 at a bad time of year 在一年中不好的时节 at the end of 在……的尽头 at the head of 在……的前面 at the beginning of 在……的开始 at the foot of 在……的脚下 ask for 请求 arrive in/at 到达 agree with sb 同意某人 begin with 以……开始 be good at 在……方面擅长 be good for 对……有好处 be bad for 对……有害处 be full of 充满 be born in 出生于…… be sure of 确信 be used to 习惯于…… be satisfied with sth 对某事感到满意 be strict with sb 对某人严格 be strict in sth 对某事严格 be busy with sth 忙于做某事 be late for 迟到 be angry with sb 生某人的气 be angry at sth 因某事生气 be pleased with sb 对某人感到满意 be interested in 对……感兴趣
be different from 与……不同 be proud of 以……骄傲 be tired of 对……感到厌烦
be sorry for 为……感到可惜，对……表示懊悔 catch up with 赶上 depend on 依靠
do well in… 在……方面做得好 fill with 充满，装满 get on/along with 与……相处
hear of 听说 hear from 收到……的来信 help…with 在……方面帮助 in front of 在……的前面 in the front of 在……的前部 in the open air 在户外，在野外 in the end 最后，终于 in bed 睡觉 in time 及时 in a hurry 匆忙，急忙 in the sun 在阳光下
in fact 事实上 in trouble 处于困境中 in silence 默默地 in danger 在危险中 in surprise 吃惊地 in the tree 在树上（外来物） look at 看 look for 寻找 look after 照顾，照看 look over 检查 laugh at 嘲笑 leave for 动身去某地 listen to 听
make friends with 与……交朋友 on the tree 在树上（树上长的） on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上 on one’s way to… 在某人去……的路上 on show 展览 on earth 究竟，到底 on the top of 在……顶部 on the other hand 另一方面 on duty 值日，值班
on the plate 在盘子里 on foot 步行 take care of 照顾，照看

介词巩固练习：

( ) 1. Can you tell the story ______Russian?
　 A. with B. in C. on D. by
( ) 2. Here are some birthday cards ______ our teachers, ______ our best wishes.
　 A. of, with B. for, with C. of, in D. for, in
( ) 3. The visitors _______Japan arrived _____ Beijing station last Tuesday morning .
　 A. from, at B. of , to C. from , to D. of, on
( ) 4. Do you usually come to school ______ foot or _____- bike?
　 A. by ... by B. on... on C. on ... by D. by ... on
( ) 5. --when was Jim born?
　 　 --______July, 18,1978.
　 A.on B.at C. in D.to
( ) 6. WeiFang bought a new pen at a shop _____ her way home.
　 A. on B. at C. in D. to
( ) 7. Don't tell anybody about it. Keep it a secret _______ you and me.
　 A. among B. between C. in D. with
( ) 8. The teacher will be back ______ an hour.
　 A. in B. after C. of D. at
( ) 9. -- How long have you been in Beijing ?
　　 --I've been here _____ 1989.
　 A. in B.since C.on D.for
( ) 10. Here is a letter ______ you. It's ______your aunt.
　　 A. to... for B. for... to C. from ... to D. for ... from
( ) 11．Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996.
　 A．from B．of C．to D．in
( ) 12．The room was full ____ smoke after the big fire.
　 A．of B．with C．in D．for
( ) 13．Let me show you the place ____ the map.
　 A．with B．on C．in D. at
( ) 14．Both Mr Green and Mrs Green were born ____ June, 1956.
　 A．in B．at C．on D．for
( ) 15．The little boy is always interested ____ science.
　 A．with B．by C．in D．at
( ) 16．Li Lei often gets up ____ seven o'clock on Sundays.
　 A．on B．in C．at D．for
( ) 17．They arrived early ____ a Tuesday morning. A．on B．at C．in D．of
( ) 18．This program was sent to the USA ____ China ____ satellite(卫星).
　 A．in; of B．of; in C．from; by D．by; from
( ) 19．- He got many gifts his birthday his friends.
A. on, from B. in, of C. at, to D. from, for 
( ) 20．The classroom is quite different that one.
A. of B. from C. with D. like 
( ) 21．---Your coat looks nice, Is It cotton? ---Yes. It's Shanghai.
A. made of, made by 　 B. made of, made in
C. made for, made in D. made from made by 
( ) 22．Tom may fall the others because he has missed so many lessons.
A. after B. behind C. later D. out of
( ) 23．the new building will cost ______ 1,000,000 dollars, and it’s not easy to get so much money.
　　 A at last    B at most    C at least    D a