七下时态语法.doc

一般现在时
1.概念
(1)表示现在的状态。
①We are at school. (在上学)
②My parents are at work..(在上班)
(2)表示主语所具备的性格和能力等。
①She likes the interesting job.
②They speak Chinese.
(3)表示现阶段经常的或习惯性的动作。
①The boy goes to school by bike every day.
②I often swim in the river in summer.
2.常与often usually every day连用
3.否定句
(1)包含有动词be的句子，在be的适当形式后加not即可。
(2)如果是实义动词的一般现在时，则需要在实义动词的原形前加don’t 。但主语为单数第三人称时，需加doesn’t，实义动词变为原形。
①His father is forty years old.→
②I’m a student.→
③We all are students.→
④I work with many people.→
⑤She likes reading books→.
⑥Her father loves her very much.→
⑦Alice has a brother and a sister.→
4.疑问句及简略回答。
(1)含有系动词be的句子，直接把be置于句首；肯定回答用Yes，否定回答用No，后面可接相应的简单解释。
(2)含有实义动词的一般现在时，则需要在句首加助动词do(主语为单数第三人称的加does)，句中的实义动词必须用原形。其肯定回答用Yes，否定回答用No，后面可接相应的简单解释。I变you,my变your,and变or.
(3)用什么提问，原则上就用什么来回答。
①This is a new book.→ —Yes,________(No,________)
②The books are on the desk.→ --Yes,________(No,_______)
③They are friends.→ —Yes,__________(No, ________).
④We like playing soccer→ —Yes, __________(No, ________)
⑤He works for a newspaper.→ —Yes, __________(No,.________)
⑥Brad has short straight black hair.→ --Yes,__________(No,_______)
5.动词第三人称单数。
一般过去时
1.用法：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或习惯行为。①过去时间yesterday,last week/Saturday/Sunday /weekend…②过去发生的事
(1)How was your dinner?
(2)He always walked over the weekend.
2.构成：
(1)肯定句：肯定句用实义动词、连系动词或情态动词的过去式构成。
①I played tennis last Sunday morning.
②My weekend was great.
(2) 一般疑问句：①没有be动词(实义动词)的疑问句在句首加助动词did，特别要注意的是如果句首加了助动词did变成疑问句时，句中的谓语动词就必须变成动词原形。②连系动词be的疑问句将be的过去式was或were提到主语前面(句首)。I变you,my变your,and变or. )用什么提问，原则上就用什么来回答。
①I played sports last weeked.→ —Yes, _________(No,___________)
②She watched TV last night.→ —Yes,__________(No, __________)
③My weekend was very good.→ —Yes,___________(No,__________).
④The people were unfriendly.→ --Yes,__________(No,_________)
(3)否定句：①没有be动词(实义动词)的否定句在实义动词前加didn’t,但切记谓语致词必须还原成动词原形。②有连系动词be的否定句在was或were后直接加not。
①The girl played computer games yesterday afternoon.→
②Old Henry was happy last Friday.→
③The people were friendly.→
3.规则动词的过去式的构成：
(1)一般在动词词尾加ed.
play—played, clean—cleaned, visit—visited, stay—stayed
(2)动词末尾字母是e的，在e后直接加d.
like—liked, live—lived, dance—danced, change—changed, practice—practiced
(3)重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.
stop—stopped, drop—dropped, plan—planned
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，要先变y为i再加ed.
study—studied, marry—married, carry—carried, worry—worried
4.不规则动词的过去式
do—did, go—went, have—had,
read—read[red], see—saw, write—wrote, sit—sat
5.动词原形+ed后的读音规则
(1)在清辅音后一般读[t]
Looked[lukt], helped[helpt]
(2)在浊辅音后一般读[d]
Listened[‘lisnd], borrowed[d]
(3)在[t],[d]后读[id]
planted[id], handed[id]
现在进行时
1.结构be+v.-ing句式，我们称其为：进行时态。说明①某人正在做某事，②说明某事正在发生。在这些句子中所用的be动词是is, am, are的形式，说明：现在正在……。所以我们称：is/am/are + v.-ing 的句式为：现在进行时态。
2.表示：某人现在正在做……或某事现在正在……，常与时间副词now连用。
3一般疑问句:be动词置于句首(I变you,my变your,and变or. )用什么提问，原则上就用什么来回答。)
①It’s raining no→ Yes,_________(No,_________)
②I’m listening to the pop music.→ Yes,_________(No,_________)
③He is working in the office. → Yes,_________(No,_________)
4.否定句：在be动词后面加not
①It’s raining now.→
②I’m listening to the pop music.→
③He is working in the office. →
5.现在分词或动名词的基本构词法有三种:
(1)一般情况：在动词原形之后直接加-ing.
work—working go—going
(2)以不发音的e结尾的词，去掉e再加-ing.
write—writing ride—riding
以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母：将此辅音字母双写之后，再加-ing.
sit—sitting put—putting begin—beginning
名词单数变复数
(1)一般在名词词尾加-s.如：banana—bananas, thriller—thrillers.
(2)以-s、-sh、-ch、-x结尾或以“o+辅音字母”结尾的名词，在启发加-es构成复数形式。如：tomato—tomatoes. box—boxes
(3)有些以-o结尾，是外来语或缩写名词，则加-s。如：photo—photos.
(4)以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，则把-y去掉，加-ies.如：family—families, comedy—comedies.
(5)以-f或-fe结尾的名词，则把-f,-fe去掉，加-ves.如：life—lives.thief—thieves, knife—knives.
(6)有些名词以改变拼音来构成复数形式。如：man—men.
(7)有些名词单复数相同。如：sheep—sheep.