宾语从句讲解及练习.doc

宾语从句讲解及练习
宾语从句小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；
主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；
陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
一.宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
1.在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
2.在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
3.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
4.直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
3.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：
1.I don’t know what they are looking for.
2.Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3.Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四.宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.宾语从句的特点
1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。
4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。
5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.

宾语从句专项习题巩固练习
1.Have you decided ________for Australia?
A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave
2.Can you tell me _________ ?
A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives
3.The old man asked me ________ .
A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema
C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema
4.I think _______ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how
5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how
6.I wonder _________ .
A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost
7.She asked me _________ .
A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is
8.Ask him ___.
A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup
9.I don’t know _________ .
A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movie
C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts
10.The doctor asked me how long ________ .
A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill
11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.
A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow
C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow
12.Do you know _________?
A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is
C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to
13.Could you tell me where _________?
A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape
14.They want to know _________?
A. where is the hospital B. how old are you
C. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying
15.Tony wanted to know _________.
A.what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B.when Father Christmas had put in his stocking
C.what Father Christmas had put in his stocking D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking
16.No one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.
A.when B. whether C. where D. if
17.July didn’t know_________.
A. where is Tim’s father B. when was the first watch made
C. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch
18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do
19.We don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.
A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do
20.He asked me _________.
A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the money
C. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money
21. Did you hear ______? A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say
22. Can you tell me ________?
A.which class you are in B.which class are you in C.you are in which class D.are you in which class
23. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______? --- Certainly.
A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station
C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station
24. Could you tell me where _______ yesterday?
A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went
25. Tom asked me ________.
A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was
26. Excuse me, could you tell me _______?
A. where’s the teachers’ office B. where’s the bus station
C. what’s she doing D. where the post office is
27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don’t know _______.
A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live
28. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don’t know _______.
A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where is he living D. he lives there
29. --- Can you tell me ______? --- Yes, he lives in a small town.
A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said
30. Have you decided ______ for London?
A. when will you leave B. when you will leave C. when are you going D. when you are going
31. Excuse me. Could you tell me ______our tickets?
A. where do we show B. where shall we show C. where did we show D. where we shall show
32. --- What are you interested in about cooking food? --- We are all interested in ______.
A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. How egg fries D. how does egg fry
33. Do you know _______? A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it
34. Do you know _______?
A. whose book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose D. who’s book this is
35. I don’t know ______ now.
A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat
36. Does he know ______?
A. what’s your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D.what your name is
37. Do you know ______?
A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on
C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on
38. Tell me where ____? A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is
39. He hasn’t decided _______.
A. if he’ll go on a trip to Wu xi B. when will he go on a trip to Wu xi
C. if he goes on a trip to Wu xi D. when does he go on a trip to Wu xi
40. Can you see ________?
A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what
能力提高练习
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me ____the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A.whom is she looking after B.whom she is looking C.whom is she looking D.whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D.did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D.the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _____.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
11. I don’t know _____ he will be back home.
A. who 　 B. what 　 C. when 　 D. where
12. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
13. Do you still remember _______?
A. that he said 　 B. what he said 　 C. did he say that 　 D. what did he say
14. I can’t understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left 　 B. why did she leave 　 C. why she had left　 D. why had she left
15. She told me the sun ______ in the east. A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen
16. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far/ had gone 　 B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went 　 D. how far / had run
17. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter 　 B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what’s the matter
18. Can you tell me ___________?
A. what are you doing B. where do you study C. what you were doing D. what to do it
19. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen
20.No one tells us______， so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it
21. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
22. _______ he‘ll come or not isn‘t important. A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What
23. Would you like to know ____they will do it or not. A. if B. that C. whether D. why
24. ─Where do you think _____ he ____ the TV set? ─ Sorry， I’ve no idea.
A./; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. did bought
25. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
A. how; another B. what; more C. how ; other D. what; another
26. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
27. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
─Yes. But if it _______， we’ll visit the museum instead.
A. you have; will rain B. you will have; will rain
C. you will have; rains D. will you have; rains
28. I don’t know if he ______tomorrow. If he ________， I’ll meet him.
A. will come; comes B. comes; comes C. will come; will come D. comes; will come
29. I really don’t know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds; arrives B. finds ;will arrive C. will find; will arrive D. will find; arrives
30. Can you make sure _______. the gold ring?
A. where Alice has put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice had put D. where has Alice put
31. --- When are the Shutes leaving for New York? --Pardon? --- I asked _______.
A.when are the Shutes leaving for New York B. when the Shutes are leaving for New York
C. when were the Shutes leaving for New York D. when the Shutes were leaving for New York
32. Could you tell me ______? I have something interesting to tell him.
A. where is Li Hong B. where Li Hong is C. where was Li Hong D. where Li Hong has been to
33. --- Could you tell me _______?
A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving
C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start
34. I want to know _______.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is
35. He asked me ____. A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have
C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me
36. Do you still remember ______ at the meeting?
A. that Jim said B. what Jim said C. did Jim said that D. what did Jim said
37. --- Excuse me, ______ to the nearest bookshop, please?
--- Go straight and take the second turning on the left.
A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way
38. --Can I help you? -- Yes. I want a ticket to Suqian. Tell me ______take to get there.
A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it
39. --- I hear we’ll have a new teacher this term. --- Really? Do you know ______?
A. what subject does he teach B. what subject will he teach
C. what subject he teaches D. what subject is he going to teach
40. He asked