河北省定州市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题(解析版).docx

20212022第一学期高二期末考试英语考前须知:1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试 卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，总分值7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19. 15.B.9. 18 C. 9. 15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where is the woman now?A. In New York.B. At a post office.C. In a bookstore.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Good morning, Madam. What can I do for you?W: Good morning. How much should I pay to send these books to New York?2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Doctor and patient.B. Boss and secretary.C. Student and teacher.C. The couple might ask for advice again.D. A third possum might appear.27. What did the commenters think of this event?A. Familiar.B. Serious.C. Unusual.D. Mysterious.【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是负鼠骑在萨莉家的狗的背上，兽医把负鼠取了下来，后来又有 了一只负鼠，萨莉把此事发布在了 Facebook o【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的Its most surprising that Kato was not barking madly at it （最令人惊讶的是加藤 并没有对它狂叫。）”可知，这只狗最使主人吃惊的是有负鼠在它的背上，它还很平静。应选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的 “This time, the vet nurse nearly fell off her chair when we turned 叩（这次，当我们 出现口寸，兽医护士差点从椅子上摔下来）”可知，护士对狗身上的第二只负鼠的反响是她简直不敢相信自 己的眼睛，应选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的 “According to the nurse, possums usually deliver babies of two or three, so the Watkinsons need to keep their eyes open for a third possum rider.（根据护士的说法，负鼠通常会生两到三个宝 宝，所以沃特金森一家需要留意第三个负鼠骑手。）”可知，护士提醒了这对夫妇第三只负鼠可能会出现。 应选Do【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Commenters added that this wasnt the first time a dog had adopted a possum. Dog owners told stories of possums riding” their dogs and following their dogs around.（评论者补充说， 这不是 第一次狗收养负鼠了。狗的主人讲了负鼠“骑”他们的狗和跟着他们的狗的故事。）”可知，评论者认为这 件事是熟悉的，应选A。COnline services that use computers to interview job seekers were increasingly used by companies during the COVID-19 crisis. But the technology raises questions about whether a machine can correctly or fairly judge a persons personality and reactions in front of a camera.Dana Anthony is one job seeker who has experienced such interviews. One was for a part-time job at Target last year. The day after the interview, she got an email informing her that she was not chosen.Anthony said she did not know why she was removed from consideration so quickly. She had no sense of how the interview had gone. She said this is because she received no human feedback during the process.Her rejection email from Target stated: Were unable to provide specific feedback regarding your application. Anthony was rejected for another job in December after completing another online interview.One interview system is run by a business called HireVue, one of the leading companies in the field. In the past, the Utah-based HireVue used artificial intelligence (Al) methods to judge a job-seekers personality and job skills. It did this by observing the expressions on a persons face during the interview.But after facing intense criticism about the scientific effectiveness of its claims and the possibility of unfairness, HireVue announced earlier this year that it would stop using that method. However, the companys Al-based system still considers speech and word choices when rating a candidates personality and skills.HireVue helped create a market fbr on-demand” video interviews. Companies using the services include stores Target and Ikea, technology companies like Amazon, and banks like JP Morgan and Goldman Sachs. Companies in the oil and travel industries, and even school systems, have used them.HireVue chief Kevin Parker said its systems, which turn speech into text to make verdicts on job skills, can perform better than human interviewers.28. What did Anthonys two job applications have in common?A. She was satisfied with them.B. She failed to get the jobs.C. She was angry with them.D. She was treated rudely.29. How did HireVue judge an interviewee in the past?A. By listening to voice tone.B. By analyzing applicants7 answers.C. By checking personal experiences.D. By watching face changes.30. What can we infer about HireVues new services in paragraph 7?A. They are questioned.B. They are under experiment.C. They are popular with companies.D. They are very popular with job seekers.31. What does the underlined word “verdicts” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Notes.B. Efforts.C. ImpressionsD. Judgments.【答案】28.B29. D 30. C 31. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章谈论的话题是越来越多的求职者通过线上面试来找工作。在冠状病毒带 来的健康危机期间，越来越多的公司使用线上面试服务系统来招聘员工。但这项技术引发了机器能否正确 或公平地判断一个人的性格和在摄像机前的反响的新问题。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 “The day after the interview, she got an email informing her that she was not chosen.（面试后的第二天，她收到了一封电子邮件，通知她没有被选中）”第四段中Anthony was rejected for another job in December after completing another online interview.（去年 12 月，在完成另一份在线面试后，安东 尼被另一份工作拒绝）”可知，此人两次线上面试求职都被拒绝了。应选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中 “It did this by observing the expressions on a persons face during the interview.（它 通过观察一个人在面试过程中的面部表情来做到这一点）”可知，过去HireVue通过观察一个人在面试过程 中的面部表情来做到这一点的。应选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段中 “Companies using the services include stores Target and Ikea, technology companies like Amazon, and banks like JP Morgan and Goldman Sachs. Companies in the oil and travel industries, and even school systems, have used them.（使用这些服务的公司包括塔吉特百货和宜家，亚马逊等科技公司,以及摩根 大通和高盛等银行。石油和旅游行业的公司，甚至学校系统都使用了它们）”可知，HireVue的新服务被广 泛使用，受到了公司的欢迎。应选C。【31题详解】词句猜想题。根据画线词后文on job skills, can perform better than human interviewers”可知，该公司的系 统比人工面试官表现得更好，说明该系统能够对工作技能做出判断，故画线词意思是“判断”，与judgement 同义。应选D。DListening to birds and water can lower stress and improve mood, study finds. Researchers have long known there are benefits from being in nature. Living around trees can help you live longer. Walking in the woods is good for your mood. Being near water can have positive effects on your well-being.A new study finds that natural sounds offer health benefits too. There is plenty of evidence that spending time in natural areas is good for our health-but typically this research is done from a visual perspective, but we are curious what the role is of sounds we hear in these spaces.Some examples they found reported in those studies included decreased pain, lowered stress, improved mood, and better cognitive(认矢口的)function. With these results in hand, they then listened to audio recordings from 251 sites in 68 national parks across the United States.The sites with the most natural sounds and the lowest man-made sounds were located in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest and were far from urban areas. Only three locations with high natural sounds and low noise pollution were within 100 kilometers (62 miles) of urban areas.However, despite human-made noises being heard most of the time at sites in urban locations, birds were still heard about 60% of the time and geophysical sounds like wind and rain heard about 19% of the time.Not all natural sounds deliver the same benefits, the researchers found. For example, they discovered that the sounds of water had the largest impact on improving positive emotions and health outcomes, while bird sounds ease stress and annoyance. And the sounds of both birds and water were heard more than 23% of the time in the national park recording sites.Interestingly, there was also some evidence that natural sounds have benefits over silence. There was also evidence that more different types of natural sounds-more types of birds singing rather than just one type of bird-have benefits over fewer sounds.32. What is an ideal site according to paragraph 4?A. It has no noise pollution.B. It is away from cities.C. It has bird songs most of the time.D. It is within 62 miles of urban areas.33. What does the new study focus on?A. The harm man-made sounds do to health.B. The benefits natural sounds bring to the environment.C. The effect natural sounds have on health.D. The effect nature has on people from visual perspective.34. What brings more benefits to people?A. The silence of nature.B. The diversity of natural sounds.C. The sounds of water.D. Natural sounds mixed with noises.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. It Is Beneficial to Live Close to WaterWe Are Surrounded by All Kinds of SoundsB. The Sounds of Nature Affect Your Well-beingMan-made Noise Pollution Ts Harmful to Our Health【答案】32.B33. C 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，听鸟叫声和水声可以减轻压力，改善情绪。研究人员早就知道置 身于大自然中有好处，但一项新的研究发现，自然的声音也对健康有益。【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 “The sites with the most natural sounds and the lowest man-made sounds were located in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Pacific Northwest and were far from urban areas.（自然声音最多、人工声音最低的地点位于阿拉斯加、夏威夷和太平洋西北部，远离城市地区）”可知，听自然声音的理想地点都远离城 市地区。应选B。【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段 “A new study finds that natural sounds offer health benefits too.（一项新的研究发现，自然的声音也对健康有益）”可知这项新研究的重点是自然声音对健康的影响。应选C。【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句 “There was also evidence that more different types of natural sounds一 more types of birds singing rather than just one type of bird 一 have benefits over fewer sounds也有证据说明，更多不同类型的自然声音一一更多类型的鸟类鸣叫，而不是只有一种鸟类鸣叫一一比更少的声音更有好处）”可知, 自然声音的多样性能给我们带来更多的好处。应选B。【35题详解】 主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，第一段引出话题，第二段点明主题，根据第二段的第一句“Anew study finds that natural sounds offer health benefits too.（一项新的研究发现，自然的声音也对健康有益）”及全文可知，文章谈论的话题是大自然的声音影响你的健康。所以The Sounds of Nature Affect Your Well-being（自然的声音影响你的健康）”作为文章标题最为合适。应选C。第二节（共5小题；每题2.5分，总分值12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Some Easy Designer-Approved Tips to Transition Your Home for Fall36 when it comes to seasonal transitions. In order to reduce spending, we turned to the experts to ask some small, cost-effective ways.37Xander Shreenan, interior designer noted that small updates can often have the biggest impact in a space, as you can experiment with colors, textures, and patterns, on a smaller scale. One of the best ways of doing this is with preserved and dried fallen leaves.Bring the outside inOnce it is officially too cold to hang out outside, moving indoors for the rest of the season doesnt mean you cant enjoy some greenery. 38 when you cant spend as much time outside. Theyre the perfect mate to keep inside during the winter days, because along with boosting your mental health, they really add an extra element to the space.See the transition as a form of self-careIf youre really looking to cut costs, Lucy also noted that making a project out of your decoration plan can be an excellent form of self-care. When it comes to autumn decoration, I tend to work on projects such as upholstering （家 居装饰）and making soft furnishings fbr the home in my spare time. There9s something about working with materials that is quite comforting in the cooler months. 39.Consider your other sensesTransitioning your home into autumn mode doesnt just need to be visual. 40. The impact that a scenthas on somebody when they walk into your home is the starting point to any fall transition/9 Xander told us. I think a crisp fall scent is the perfect way to tell somebody you took the effort to make your space match with the season.,A. Fallen leaves are the keyDont be afraid of flowersB. Houseplants become more of a focusSo grab those knitting needles and get to workC. A great seasonal interior item is your home settingXander pointed out that it can happen through scent, tooD. Its easy to fall into the trap of buying new decorations for your space【答案】36. G 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. F【解析】【分析】本文是说明。文章讲述了一些专家给出的季节性转变装修时减少开支的具有成效的小建议。【36题详解】下文when it comes to seasonal transitions. Tn order to reduce spending, we turned to the experts to ask some small, cost-effective ways.（当涉及到季节性的转变时。为了减少开支，我们向专家们询问了一些小的、具有本钱效 益的方法）”阐述一些专家给出了一些有效的节省本钱的建议，因此推断空格处应是阐述有一些问题，G项 中的to fall into the trap相符，因此推断G项“陷入为你的空间购买新的装饰品的陷阱是很容易的”符合 语境，引出下文的建议。应选G。【37题详解】空格处为段落小标题。根据下文Xander Shreenan, interior designer noted that small updates can often have the biggest impact in a space, as you can experiment with colors, textures, and patterns” on a smaller scale. One of the best ways of doing this is with preserved and dried fallen leaves.（室内设计师桑德斯里南指出，“小的更新通常 可以在一个空间内产生最大的影响，因为你可以在更小的范围内尝试颜色、纹理和图案”。最好的方法之 一就是使用保存下来的干燥的落叶）”可知，本段建议使用落叶来装饰，因此推断A项“落叶是关键”为段 落小标题。应选A。38题详解】上文 “Once it is officially too cold to hang out outside, moving indoors fbr the rest of the season doesnt mean you can9t enjoy some greenery.（一旦天气太冷，不能在户外活动，在室内度过剩下的季节并不意味着你不能享受 一些绿色）”说到在室内也可以享受绿色，C项中的“Houseplants（室内盆栽植物）相符，因此推断C项“室 内植物成为了更大的焦点”符合语境,下文 “Theyre the perfect mate to keep inside during the winter days, because along with boosting your mental health, they really add an extra element to the space.（冬天，它们是室内 的完美伴侣，因为它们不仅能促进你的心理健康，还为室内空间增添了额外的元素）”说明了室内盆栽植物 的益处。应选C。【39题详解】本空位于段尾，应是总结性句子。根据上文 “If youre really looking to cut costs, Lucy also noted that making a project out of your decoration plan can be an excellent form of self-care.（如果你真的想削减本钱，露西还指出， 在你的装修计划中做一个工程可以是一个很好的自理形式）”说明可以自己制作一些装饰的东西，D项中的“knitting”说明可以自己编织一些东西，因此推断D项“所以，拿起那些编织针，开始工作吧”符合语境， 总结上文给出建议。应选D。【40题详解】上文 “Transitioning your home into autumn mode doesnt just need to be visual.（把你的家转变到秋季模式不仅仅 是视觉）”说明转变模式未必只是视觉上的，因此推断空格处应提到了其它感觉，F项中的“through scent” 提到嗅觉。因此推断F项“桑德指出，它也可以通过嗅觉来发生”，F项中的“scent”与下文的“scent”呼 应，下文 “The impact that a scent has on somebody when they walk into your home is the starting point to any falltransition,（当人们走进你的家时，气味对他们的影响是任何秋季过渡的起点）”进一步解释嗅觉的作用。应选F。第三局部 语言运用（共两节，总分值30分） 第一节（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。About 20 minutes away from River Campus, one might hear sounds of magical flights at the mysterious Mushroom House of Powder Mills Park. The private houses, 41 as the landmark of Town of Perinton, show off extraordinary architectural 42 with tree-like doors and wooden sculptures, treasure-filled mosaics, and naturalistic components in both in-side and 43.This odd artistic 44 has gained the Mushroom House its own official website and widespread media coverage. Since the houses 45, it has actively been covered by many media. Much like Disneys PixieHollow, the Mushroom House appears to be a collection of “fbund” parts. The 46 starts from the underground garage to the tunnel, a reminder of the Universitys tunnel system, 47 the outer of the Mushroom House.The round tops and inner branches of the Mushroom House are in good condition, 48 to any oldmushrooms found in a backyard. But the different types of glass, with their unique shapes and materials, used to build walls of the Great Room and the master bathroom lend the inside a colorful personality. Though 49, thecurves （曲线）of the ceilings in all four mushrooms create acoustics （音口向效果）that its website50that ofCarnegie Hall in New York City.51builders Peter Strong and William Ashton, the four 80-tonMushroom House were52from models on the ground.