状语从句语法讲义--高三英语复习.docx

状语从句语法【考点】.根据历年高考试题,将状语从句的考点作了全面的归纳，在九大类别中的考查热点在引导 时间、地点、条件、让步、比拟、原因状语从句的连词上。出现频率较高让步状语从句和原 因状语从句，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现。1 .状语从句中的时态、语态、语气，.与其它从句、句型结合起来考查。【定义】状语从句在复合句中作状语，来说明一件事情发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等。【分类】根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句 条件状语从句 结果状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比拟状语从句(-)时间状语从句表时间的状语从句可由 when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或 the moment), by the time, no sooner. than, hardly (scarcely). when, every time 等When , while, as三者都可解释为当、的时候”但侧重点有所不同。1) When从句中谓语动词可以延续动词也可是瞬间动词。Eg: When I arrived home ,1 had a little rest.When I was walking on the street J met an old friend.be about to do .when 正要做 时发生了 be doing 正在做.时发生了when突然,这时Eg: I was about to go to work when it rained .我正在做作业时，我的最好的朋友来拜访我。(汉译英)备注：even if/even though即使，纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。.ever / no matter的区别:以 Whatever / no matter what 的区别为例：Whatever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。No matter what只能引导让步状语从句。(常放在句首)1), I will stick to my opinion .2) I dont care about others said .3)is of no use now.4) No matter hard he tried, she could not change her mind.5)you say, I won t believe you.6) No matter you say, I dont care.7) No matter you are, you must obey the rules of our school.8)hard he tried, he failed again.9) No matter the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.As引导的让步状语从句的倒装：as用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装，常倒装表语，没有表语倒装状语，没有状语，倒装 局部谓语。如果表语是名词，倒装时不能加任何冠词.1 .形容词+as+主语+系动词：例：Tired as he is, he offers to help me,尽管他已经很累了,他还是主动提出帮助我。2 .过去分词+as+主语+系动词：例： Well-known as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.尽管这本书 写得很好，作者还是不满意并打算修改它。3 .名词+as+主语+系动词：例：Student as he is, he does not study hard.他虽然是个学生,但却不努力学习。【说明】要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用 冠词。比拟：Boy as he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though he is a boy he likes to play with girls. 他 虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。4 .副词+as+主语+谓语局部：例： Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely.我虽然钦佩他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不明智的。5 .动词原形+as+主语+谓语的剩余局部：例：Try as you will, you wonzt be able to persuade him.不管你怎么努力，你都说服不了他。翻译：他虽是个孩子，却知道帮助别人他虽然成功，但不骄傲。尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。(A)比拟状语从句常用 than, (not) so (as).as, the more.the more, the same as 等弓| 导His book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。1)A is to B what /as X is to Y;Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。2)表示倍数的表示法：(1) A is twice/ three times. bigger/ longer.than B;A is twice/ three times as big/ long.as B(2) A is twice/ three times. the size/ length/ height/ age. of B.请同学们写：我的房间可是你的房间两倍哦。(1)(九)方式状语从句方式状语从句常由 as, as if (though), the way, rather than 等引导。(1) as if = as though,意为好想，仿佛,用法相同,从句即可用陈述语气,也可 用虚拟语气(非真实假设)。(2) as 意为“像.,犹如.，正如.。(3) the way意为.的样子，相当于the way (that/ in which)引导的定语从句。When in Rome, do as the Roman doShe behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught usExercise1) Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him he had done something veryclever.2) It seems it/s going to rain.3) They are talking they were old friends.4) You must do I told you.5)The students must do the teacher told them.注意：When/while从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。Eg: When( walk) along the street, she met her class teacher.2 ) As除了表示当的时候”，还可表示为一面一面，随着Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面一面)As time went by , his hair grew grey .3)While表示“当的时候强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从 句动词必须是延续性动词。Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest.While having a discussion, they got very confused.注意：while有比照的含义，解释为“然而。eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee.我喜欢打篮球，而我弟弟喜欢踢足球。我正在写作业，而他在看电视，While翻译成“趁着”Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。趁年轻好好学习Exercise :1 . She sang she went along.2 .it grew darker, it became colder.3 .he arrived home, it was just nine oclock.4 .he was in London,he studied music.5.1 was walking in the forest a lion appeared in front of me.until, not.untiluntil not.until表示直到才，在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否认句中主句常用短暂 性动词。肯定句：I waited until midnight.否认句：I did not leave until midnight.注意：not until.在句首，主句用局部倒装结构。Not until句型与强调句型结合I didnt go to sleep until he came back.-lt was not until he came back that I went to sleep.与倒装句式结合- Not until he came back did I go to sleep.eg: 1. Not until you had explained the problem understand it.A had I B I had C did I D I did2. It was not until it was dark he came back.一就.As soon as I arrive at Chunhui, Til send you a SM. .upon/ on+ arriving. Immediately/ Directly/ Instantly + 句子(3) . The +时间名词(minute/moment)+句子.hardly /scarcely .when .no sooner.than.I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.eg: No sooner had I got home than my telephone rang.Exercise :1. Hardly/scarcely home when it began to rain.A did I get B had I got C got I D I did getbefore(1) . It will be +一段时间+before 从句(does)要过.才能做It will be long before we meet again.(2) . It will not be+一段时间+before从句 要不了 就能做John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.(3) . It was +一段时间+before从句(did)过了做了It was some time before he realized what had happened.(4) . It was not+一段时间+before 从句(did)没过做了It was not long before he returned.(5)尚未,还没Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up before I could answer the phone.since.It is/ has been +一段时间+since 从句(did)注意：延续性动词:反过来翻译短暂性动词:直译It is 10 years since I smoked.(=1 gave up smoking/dropped smoking)自从我不抽烟已有三年了.Exercise :(1) As it reported, it is 100 years Tsinghua University was founded.Every time, each time, next timeEvery time you get back at night, you drop your boots on the floor.Every time 我感冒，I have pain in my back.下次我去那, I will visit them.（-）原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as, now that (既然)等。(1)回答why的疑问句，只能用because回答；并且强调句中，对原因状语强调 时，只能用 because 引导，如 It was because I got up late that I was late for class.(2) as语气比because弱since= now that,表既然，说明显的原因或事实，总是位于主句前。Now that 具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态。(3) for引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号隔开。如：It is morning now, for the birds are singing. 再如：It must have rained last night for the ground is wet this morning.特殊弓I 导词：seeing that, in that, considering that, given thatoin that是复合连词,表示“在于，在方面；(4) considering that = seeing that 意为既然;考虑到，如:Considering that I cant afford another test fee, I must pass it this time.(3)所有引导原因状语的单词，都不能和so连用。Exercise：l.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair he wanted to sit next tohis wife.A. although B. unless C. because D. ifIt was his mother was badly ill that he was unhappy.2. everyone knows it, I will not say anything.3. The day breaks,the birds are singing.(三)地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。where引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后，没有先行词！(有了先行词就是定语从句了， 所以状语从句中的where不能和in which等互换)(2) wherever表示“无论什么地方，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句.Exercise：1 .there is aw川，there is a way.2 .you go, you should work hard.3 . What I like most is that you can use English you go in the world.4 . The new teacher was .so well organized that she began we stopped yesterday so thatno point was left out.（四）目的状语从句常用引导词:so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that（以防万一）,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that.Speak clearly,they may understand you. .She has bought the book she could follow the TV lessons. .He left early he should miss the train. .I raised my voice everyone could hear me.备注：that/ so that/ in order that引导目的状语从句,常用情态动词may （might）/ can （could） /should等连用.（五）结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由sothat （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）,so . that, such . that等引导。1. Such. that的常用句型such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+thatSuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that注意 so many （much, few, little） +名词，such a lot of （或 lots of）+名词是惯用法，不 可乱用。She is（那么漂亮的女孩）that we all like her.It was（那么美味好吃的食物）that they ate it up.2. so+形容词或副词+that so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself. 倒装He works so hard that he did everything well.倒装天气是如此地热，以至于我们都去游泳了It was such a good day that we all went swimming.3. so that既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。 当从句谓语动词有情态动词时，为目的状语从句.假设从句谓语不用情态动词，而 多用过去时，那么该句是结果状语从句。4. Too.to, enough.to可以引导结果状语从句She is young that she cant go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isnt old enough to go to school.例句他不够高去打篮球123EXERCISE:l)He got up early that he caught the first bus.2)lts a good chance that we must not miss it.3) .1 raised my voice,everyone heard me.4) He was excited that he couldnt say a word.5) She told us an interesting story that we all forgot the time.(六)条件状语从句i if引导的条件状语从句If you ask him, he will help you,如果你请他帮助,他会帮你的。If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.Please call me if you come next week.2其他的连词：(1) .unless conj.除非，假设不，除非在的时候You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身，你就不能及时赶到那儿。Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。(2) . on condition (that)在.条件下,如果;on condition (that).引导的条件从句是主句事件 发生的前提条件或唯一条件。I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你容许保守秘密。You can go swimming on condition (that) you dont go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。(3) . supposing conj.如果，假如supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘假设下雨，我们的运动会还要继续举行吗？Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then?假如出了什么问题，你准备怎么对付？Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘假设卜.雨，我们的运动会还要继续举行吗？Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then?假如出了什么问题，你准备怎么对付？(4) . provided conj.假如，除非，以.为条件provided (that) +从句表示种假设条件。He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms.如果我们提出更优惠的条件，他就会在合同上签字。He wont be against us in the meeting provided that weask for his advice in advance.如果我们提前征求一下他的意见，他就不会在会上反对我们。另外还有 in case, as/so long asIn case it rains, do not expect me.如假设下雨,就不要等我了。As long as you promise to come, 111 wait for you until you come.只要你容许，我就等你来。ExerciseJohn may phone tonight. I dont want to go out he phones.A. as long as B. in order that C. in caseD. so thatThe men will have to wait all day the doctor works faster.A. if B. unless C. whether D. thatknow the money is safe. I shall not worry about it.A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. Whileyou call me to say youre not coming, 111 see you at the theatre.A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. UnlessI dont think shell be sad but 111 go and comfort her she is.A. in case B. as if C. even though D. unlessHow the loans are paid should be of little concern to the bank they are paid on time.A. as well as B. as soon as C. as long as D. as far as(七)让步状语从句让步状语从句可由 although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether. or, no matter who (when, what,.)等引导。注意:as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。.Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.备注：though/although不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用(2). Ill go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。