缺陷术语.pdf

Categories of DefectCategories of defect depends on experience of maintenance practice.In this manual,the defaultMethod used to categorize the defect found on the aircraft into four areas.Structure defect,Material defect,Common parts and Components defect and General defect.缺陷分类缺陷的分类一般依照维修实践中的经验来分。在本手册中，我们将缺陷分为四类：结构缺陷、材料缺陷、零部件缺陷和一般性缺陷。1.Common Structure Defects Terms结构缺陷术语凹坑（1）dent凹槽（2）notch变形（3）deform划痕（4）nick点腐蚀（5）pitting断裂（6）broken腐蚀（7）corrode划伤（8）scratch裂纹（9）crack毛刺（10）butt磨损（11）chafe凸起（12）protrude凹陷（13）sag粗糙（14）rough漆层剥落（15）finish missing褪色（16）fade积水（17）entrapped water2.Common material defect terms材料缺陷术语Material is divided in two categories:metallic and non-metallic.材料分为两类：金属材料及非金属材料1）Common metallic defect:一般性金属材料缺陷：氧化（18）oxidize划伤（8）scratch扭曲（19）distort跷起（20）not in contour穿孔（21）puncture碎屑（22）chip腐蚀（7）corrode磨损（11）chafe变形（3）deform风蚀/风化（23）erode裂纹（9）crack2)Common non-metallic defect:一般性非金属材料缺陷：发霉（24）mildew分层（25）delaminate风蚀/风化（23）erode裂纹（9）crack老化（26）deteriorate起皱（27）wrinkle受潮（28）saturated撕裂（29）tear穿孔（21）puncture变色（16）fade陈旧（30）worn脱胶（31）adhere3.Common part component defect terms设备及零部件缺陷术语Common part and component including:Plumbing,Wiring,Mechanicallinkage,Fastener and Miscellaneous.设备及零部件分为：管路、线路、传动机构、紧固件及其他。1）Plumbing defect管路缺陷凹坑（1）dent爆裂（32）burst擦伤（11）chafe滑丝（33）cross thread扭曲（34）twist渗漏（35）leak堵塞（36）obstruct2)Wiring defect 线路缺陷腐蚀（7）corrode磨损（11）chafe相碰（37）contact断丝（38）fray熔断（39）fused弯曲（40）bend3)Mechanical linkage defect传动机构缺陷断丝（38）fray松弛（）slack扭结（34）twist磨损（11）chafe脱开（41）disconnect4）Fastener defect紧固件缺陷丢失（42）missing松动/松脱（43）loose腐蚀（7）corrode磨损（11）chafe未关（扣）紧（44）not secure5）Miscellaneous category consist of many parts and components,five kinds of these parts have been selected.They are Sealant,Wheel Assembly,Life Limited Parts,Placard and Marking,Slide/life Vest.其他类包含很多种其他的部件或零件，在此我们选择了其中五种，它们是：封严、轮胎、时寿件、标牌/标识、滑梯/救生衣。a).Sealant封严脱胶（31）adhere老化（26）deteriorate不均匀（45）inconsistentb).Wheel Assembly轮胎见线（46）exposed cords磨平（47）bald扎伤（21）puncture气压不足（48）insufficient-air-pressurec).Life Limited Parts时寿件过期（49）expired).Placard and Marking标牌/标识模糊（50）illegible缺损（51）damage丢失（42）missing翘起（52）liftinge).Slide/life Vest滑梯/救生衣散包（53）not properly packed变形（54）not properly sealed4general defect terms一般性缺陷术语脏（55）dirty陈旧（30）worn断裂（56）fracture磨损（11）chafe超标（57）exceed-the-limit丢失（42）missing腐蚀（7）corrode裂纹（9）crack空行程/无效行程（58）backlash卡阻/阻塞（59）block鼓起（60）bulge污染（61）contaminate不一致（62）disagree（电池/气瓶）被释放（63）discharge装错（64）dislocate失效（65）fail摆动（66）fluctuate抖动（67）flutter不够/不足（68）insufficient不工作（69）inoperative（不）亮（70）(not)illuminate干扰（71）interfere扭结/缠结（72）kink走向错误（73）misrouted漏装（74）not installed相磨（75）rubbing干涩/缺乏润滑（76）un-lubricated不能复位（77）will-not-reset(1)dent:凹坑A depression in a surface caused by pressure or impact.受压力或冲击造成表面的下陷。For example:Left horizontal stabilizer outboard leading edge at WL 368.25 dented approximately 2 inches in diameter.(Area marked in red)左水平安定面外侧前缘水平站位 368.25 处有直径为 2 英寸的凹坑（已用红笔标出）。Removed left horizontal stabilizer leading edge.Reformed dent back to its original contour with reference to SRM-NDT inspection revealed crack.Carried out permanent repair in accordance with SRM-拆下左水平安定面前缘，根据 SRM对其进行整形，NDT 检查发现损伤处有裂纹，按照 SRM完成永久性修复。(2)notch:凹槽A“V”shaped cut or protrusionV 字形的切口或者突起For example:Forward L1 entry door number 1 floor panel has a1-inch notch 6 inches from the forward right edge.左 1 号登机门过道一号地板离右前边缘 6 英寸处有一条 1 英寸深的凹槽。Detailed inspection carried out with reference to SRM-no delamination noted.Carried out permanent repair by filling damaged area with potting compound BMS-287 with reference to SRM-.根据 SRM详细检查该区域，没有发现其它缺陷，根据 SRM进行永久性修理，对损伤部位填充 BMS-287 填充剂。(3)deform:变形To misshape the original form原有的形状发生变化For example:Left wing number 2-fuel access door is deformed.左大翼二号油箱盖板变形。Replaced number 2 deformed access door in accordance with AMM-Carried out fuel leak check in accordance with AMM-with no defects noted.根据 AMM更换左大翼二号油箱盖板，按照 AMM的要求进行渗漏测试，检查正常。(4)nick:划痕A shallow notch,cut,or indentation on a surface.表面上的较浅的刻槽、刻痕或缺口。For example:Right environmental control system(ECS)access door,after right corner has 4 nicks on external surface.Area marked in red.右空调舱门右后角表面有四条刻痕（已用红笔标出）。Detailed inspection carried out with reference to SRM-no delaminationnoted.Carried out permanent repair by filling nickswith fiberglass and epoxyresin BMS-387 with reference to SRM-.根据 SRM详细检查该区域，没有发现分层。按照 SRM进行永久性修理，使用玻璃纤维及环氧树脂 BMS-387 填平刻痕。(5)pitting:点腐蚀/砂眼Small cavities,depressions or scars on a surface.表面上的较小的空穴，凹陷或凹痕。For example:Left main landing gear number 1 brake aluminum hydraulic line has pitting.左起落架一号刹车铝液压管发现点腐蚀。Replaced left main landing gear number 1 brake aluminum hydraulic line withserviceable hydraulic line in accordance with AMM-根据 AMM更换左起落架一号刹车铝液压管。(6)broken:断裂Forcibly separated into two or more pieces.被分成两半或更多块For example:Flight deck entrance door has broken door latch andwill not lock.驾驶舱门锁销断裂，锁不上。Replaced broken door latch on flight deck entrance door in accordance with AMM-Operational and functional check good.根据 AMM更换驾驶舱门锁销，操作检查正常。(7)corrode:腐蚀To dissolve or wear away gradually by chemical action.氧化或化学污染造成金属表面逐见破坏的化学反应。For example:Floor beam at body station 360 and wbl 25.1 has moderate corrosion 2 inches in length and 1 inch in diameter.机身战位 360 和机身水平站位 25.1 处的地板梁有中度腐蚀（长2 英寸，直径一英寸）。Removed corroded area by grinding and polishing in accordance with SRM-.NDT revealed remaining thickness out of limit.Carried out permanent floor beam repair in accordance with attached Boeing TELEX 530092-23and attached Gameco engineering order 53-099-84.根据结构修理手册打磨去除腐蚀。NDT 检查发现该地板梁厚度超标。根据波音电传 530092-23 及 GAMECO 工程指令 53-098-84，对该地板梁进行永久性修复。(8)scratch:划伤A thin shallow cut or mark on a surface表面的薄而浅的切口或痕迹。For example:Left cabin external windows numbered 12,16,17,21and 27 are scratched(obstructing view)左客舱外部 12、16、17、21、27窗户被划伤（阻碍视线）。Replaced left cabin external windows with serviceable windows in positions 12,16,17,21 and 27 in accordance with AMM-Pressurized aircraft and leak check is OK.根据 AMM更换左客舱外部 12、16、17、21、27窗户玻璃，增压检查正常，无渗露。(9)crack:裂纹/龟裂To break apart without dividing into two parts.裂开但没有分成两部分的破裂。For example:Number 2 engine fuel control cable located at BodyStation 360 and WaterBody Line 25.7 has cracked turnbuckle.位于机身战位 360 和机身水平站位 25.7 的二号发动机燃油控制钢索松紧螺套有裂纹。Replaced cracked turnbuckle with new turnbuckle in accordance withAMM-Travel and functional check carried out in accordance with AMM-,no defects noted.根据 AMM更换有裂纹的松紧螺套。按照 AMM 的要求进行行程及功能测试，检查正常。(10)burr:毛刺A rough edge remaining on metal or other material after it has been cut or drilled被切割或钻孔后留在金属或其他材料上的粗糙的边缘.For example:External fuselage repair at body station 727 and stringer 9R11R has burrs atall drill holes.位于机身站位727和长桁9R11R 的外部机身修理的所有钻孔边缘有毛刺。Removed burrs with rotary file in accordance with standard practices andSRM-.根据标准施工手册及结构修理手册的要求打磨去除毛刺。(11)chafe:擦伤To wear away by rubbing.因为摩擦而损坏。For example:Forward cargo compartment after corner threshold chafed by cargo door.前货舱门槛的后下角因与货舱门相磨导致擦伤。Forward cargo door upper support bracket worn.Replaced support bracket inaccordance with AMM-eliminated chafing.检查发现前货舱门上支架磨损，根据 AMM更换该支架。(12)protrude:凸起/突出To push outward.向外伸出。For example:Forward external fuselage servicing doorstop is protruding through accessdoor.前外机身勤务门止动点凸起。Repaired forward external fuselage servicing accessdoor to original contourwith reference to SRM-.Adjusted doorstop to eliminate protrusion in accordance with AMM-.根据 SRM修理前外机身勤务门，按照 AMM的要求调节该门的止动点。(13)sag:凹陷To sink,droop,or settle from pressure or weight.因压力或重力而下沉，下垂或下陷。For example:After cargo compartment overhead ceiling panels aresagging.后货舱天花板凹陷。Detailed inspection revealed ceiling panel screw holes worn.Replacedunserviceable sagging ceiling panels with new as referenced in AMM-.详细检查发现后货舱天花板安装螺钉孔磨损。根据 AMM更换该天花板。(14)rough:粗糙Having a bumpy,uneven surface.表面不平坦，有起伏。For example:The protective finish is rough at the number 1 engine inboard pylon.一号发动机吊架内部的保护层粗糙。Removed rough protective finish at the number 1 engineinboard pylon inaccordance with SRM-.Applied 2 coats of enamel to restore protectivefinish with reference to SRM-.根据 SRM拆下一号发动机吊架内部的保护层，按照 SRM的要求涂两层瓷釉以恢复该保护层。(15)finish(missing):漆层（剥落）To protective material used in surfacing and finishing flake off.用于保护表面材料的涂层或保护层 因失去黏附力而剥落，脱落。For example:Fuselage skin protective finish at pilots and copilots number 1 and number 2windows missing.正副驾驶 1 号和 2 号窗上的机身蒙皮保护漆层剥落。Prepared affected area of fuselage skin at pilots andcopilots number 1 andnumber 2 windows.Anodized affected area in accordance with SRM-.Applied primer BMS 25-89 in accordance withSRM-.Applied 2 coats of enamel paint in accordance with SRM-.Protective finish restored.根据 SRM对正副驾驶 1 号和 2 号窗上的机身蒙皮涂阿罗丁；根据 SRM刷涂底漆 BMS25-89；根据 SRM涂两层面漆，以恢复保护漆层。(16)fade:褪色/变色To lose original brightness or color.失去原有的光泽或颜色。For example:Number 1 and number 2 engine intake cowling chrome is faded.1 号和 2 号发动机进气道的铬层褪色。Polished number 1 and number 2 engine intake cowling chrome with referenceto SRM-.根据结构修理手册，对 1 号和 2 号发动机进气道铬层进行抛光。(17)entrapped(water):积/含（水）To collect in an area.水或水汽在某区域内聚集。For example:After cargo compartment forward bilge area at body station 840 has entrappedpotable water.后货舱在机身战位 840 处的前部区域有积水。Detailed inspection found pressure drain valve clogged.Removed，cleaned and reinstalled pressure drain valve inaccordance with AMM-Removed residual entrapped potable water.详细检查发现该处排水活门堵塞。根据 AMM拆下并清洁该排水活门后重装，并清洁该处的积水。(18)oxidize:氧化The containing of oxygen usually caused by natural elements.物质的原子失去电子的化学反应，也就是物质和氧化合的过程，如金属的生锈等等。For example:E-3 rack lower after corner is heavily oxidized.E-3 架后下角氧化严重。Removed oxidation at the corner of E-3 rack in accordance with SRM-.根据 SRM去除 E-3 架后下角的氧化。(19)distort:扭曲To twist out of a proper or natural state.因受到扭力而导致原有的形状发生改变。For example:Access panel 2145J to left wing number 3 slat actuator distorted.左大翼 3 号缝翼作动筒的接近面板 2145J 扭曲。Replaced access panel 21458 with new panel in accordance with standardpractices and AMM-.Original panel declared scrap,tagged panel as muchand routed to MSC to return to customer.根据标准施工手册及 AMM更换 21458 盖板。旧件挂牌送航材处理。(20)(not in)contour:外形/轮廓翘起A shape or outline is deformed.形状或外形轮廓变形。For example:After lower corner of after fuselage external servicing door is not in contourwith the fuselage.后机身外勤务门后下角翘起。Adjusted after fuselage external servicing door to contour of fuselage inaccordance with AMM-.根据 AMM调节后机身外勤务门正常。(21)puncture:穿孔/扎伤To pierce with a pointed object.被尖锐的物体刺穿。For example:Number 4 tire is punctured.四号轮胎扎伤。Replaced number 4 punctured tire with serviceable wheel assembly inaccordance with AMM-.Pressure check normal.根据 AMM更换四号轮胎，检查压力正常。(22)chip:碎屑A small piece broken and missing from a surface.从表面剥落的小碎片。For example:Starter magnetic chip detector has evidence of metalchips.起动机磁性堵塞上发现有明显的金属屑。Removed metal chips from starter MCD.Drained and replaced oil,operationand leak check good in accordance with AMM-.Reinspect next“A”check asper attached EO 80-003-1.去除起动机磁性堵塞上的金属屑，更换起动机的滑油。根据 AMM操作检查正常，无渗漏。根据 EO 80-003-1，下个“A”检重复检查。(23)erode:风蚀/风化To wear a surface away by weathering,abrasion,or foreign particle.因天气或外来颗粒等原因导致表面被磨蚀。For example:Number 1 engine intake cowling eroded 360 degrees,2inches in width fromcenter of forward leading edge.一号发动机进气道周边风蚀（2 英寸宽）。Removed erosion by polishing surface with reference toSRM-.NDTinspection revealed 0.02 inches of material removed,remaining material 0.23of an inch within limits to SRM-.根据结构修理手册抛光该处表面以去除风蚀。NDT 检查发现该处厚度减少 0.02 英寸，尚余 0.23 英寸，在 SRM规定的范围内。(24)mildew:发霉A fungus growth.有机质滋生霉菌而变质，常见白色的生长物。For example:Forward cargo compartment insulation blankets in after floor area are moistand have mildew.前货舱后部区域隔热棉潮湿发霉。Eliminated mildew and moisture of forward cargo compartment insulationblankets in after floor area by fabricating and installing new in accordance withSRM-and AMM-.根据 SRM和 AMM制作并安装新的隔热棉，除去前货舱后部区域潮湿发霉的隔热棉。(25)delaminate:分层The act of separating into layers.压合在一起的材料互相脱离或分开。For example:Nose radome delaminated from impact of“bird-strike”.前雷达罩因鸟撞导致分层。Removed delaminated core section and replaced with newwith reference toSRM-impact test carried out.Nose radome OK for service.根据 SRM更换分层的核心部分并进行冲击测试，检查正常。(26)deteriorate:老化The diminish or impair in quality,character,or value.橡胶、塑料等高分子化合物，在光、热、空气、机械力等的作用下，变得黏软或硬脆。For example:Number 2 engine to pylon fire seal deteriorated.二号发动机吊架防火封严老化。Replaced number 2 engine to pylon deteriorated fire seal with new seal inaccordance with AMM-.根据 AMM更换二号发动机吊架防火封严。(27)wrinkle:起皱A furrow,ridge or crease on a normally smooth surface.正常的平滑的表面上出现的皱纹，或折痕。For example:Forward galley wall at flight deck entrance has areas of wrinkled wallpaper.驾驶舱门过道的前厨房墙纸起皱。Eliminated wrinkled wallpaper at forward galley wall at flight deck entrance byreplacing with new in accordance with standard practices and AMM-.根据 AMM更换驾驶舱门过道的前厨房墙纸。(28)saturated:受潮Soaked with moisture.物体吸收了水分的状态。For example:After cabin floor carpet between lavatories B and Cis saturated with water.后客舱厕所 B 和厕所 C 之间过道的地毯受潮。Eliminated saturation of after cabin floor carpet between lavatories B and C byreplacing with new in accordance with standard practices and AMM-.根据标准施工手册和 AMM更换后客舱厕所 B 和厕所 C 之间过道的地毯。(29)tear:撕裂To pull apart resulting in a tip.裂开后分离。For example:Number 8R window shade in main cabin has a tear.客舱 8R 窗户遮光板撕裂。Replaced number 8R window shade with serviceable window shade inaccordance with AMM-.根据 AMM更换客舱 8R 窗户遮光板(30)worn:磨损/陈旧Unserviceable due to excessive wear.由于过度磨损而不可用。For example:R1 service door upper guide and door latch on doorframe is worn.R1 服务门上导轨和门框的门闩陈旧并且磨损。Replaced worn upper guide and door latch on doorframein accordance withAMM-.Operational and functional check good.根据 AMM更换上导轨门框的门闩，功能测试，操作检查正常。(31)be not adhered:脱胶Unsecured and not positioned in place by glue or sealant.因附着力减弱导致脱开。For example:Left emergency exit hatch external“EMERGENCY EXIT”placard is notadhered in place.左紧急出口舱门口盖“EMERGENCY EXIT”标牌脱胶。Resealed left emergency exit hatch external“EMERGENCY EXIT”placard inaccordance with standard practices and AMM-.根据标准施工手册及 AMM重粘左紧急出口舱门口盖“EMERGENCYEXIT”标牌(32)burst:爆裂To open and suddenly come apart from internal pressure.因为内部的压力突然炸破或剧烈的爆开。For example:“A”system hydraulic pressure line located in forward left wheel well burstduring landing gear functional check.在起落架功能测试时，位于前左轮舱的“A”系统液压管突然爆裂。Detailed inspection of“A”system hydraulic pressure line，revealed grommetof retaining clamp missing resulting in chafing.Installed new“A”systemhydraulic pressure line and clamp in accordance withAMM-.Operationaland leak check good.详细检查“A”系统液压压力管，发现因磨损，管路安装夹的垫子丢失。根据 AMM更换新的“A”系统液压压力管和安装夹，操作检查正常，无渗漏。(33)cross-thread(pertain to plumbing)滑丝（限于管路）To damage threads to an unserviceable condition.螺纹损坏后不可用。For example:Left wing number 1 ground spoiler actuator hydraulicpressure line hascross-threads at“B”nut.左大翼一号地面扰流板作动筒液压管 B 螺母滑丝。Installed serviceable hydraulic pressure line at leftwing number 1 groundspoiler actuator in accordance with AMM-.Operational and leak check good.根据 AMM更换左大翼一号地面扰流板作动筒液压管，操作检查正常，无渗漏。(34)twist:扭结/弯曲To alter the normal aspect resulting from torsional