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J-A2-96 第 43 页共 46 页 1. 编制目的为向本公司建筑、结构专业在编制设计文件时提供方便，特编制本文件。 2. 适应范围本英文词汇可在本公司编制的建筑、结构专业设计文件中使用。 3. 注意事项本英文词汇仅限于建筑、结构专业用词，其他相关专业用词及普通用词未包括在内。 4. 建筑、结构专业常用英文词汇 4.1 总体设计 General design 设计依据 Design basis 建筑红线 Building line 建筑系数 Coefficient of building occupation 界区 Battery limited 有效面积 Effective area 使用面积 Usable area 结构面积 Structural area 建筑面积 Building area 建筑面积密度 Density of building area 竖向布置 Vertical planning 高程 Altitude 等高线 Contour line 相对标高 Relative elevation 绝对标高 Absolute altitude 地震基本烈度 Basic earthquake intensity 抗震设防烈度 Fortification intensity 风玫瑰 Wind rose 建筑朝向 Building orientation 建筑间距 Building distance 公顷 Hectare 指北针 North arrow 测北 Geophical north 建北 Plant north 气象 Meteorology 日照 Sunshine 天然采光 Natural lighting 人工照明 Artificant light; artifical illumination 照度 Degree of illumination 通风 Ventilation 正压通风 Positive ventilating 噪声 Noise 隔声 Sound insulation 吸声 Sound absorption 保温隔热 Heat insulation 露点 Dewpoint 冷桥 Cold-bridge 遮阳 Sunshade 恒温恒湿 Constant temperature & constant humidity 消声 Noise elimination; noise redxuction 防振 antivibration 4.2 建筑一般词汇 Conventional terms of architeture 方案 Scheme; draft 草图 Sketch 透视图 Perspective drawing 建筑构图 Architectural composition 坐标 Coordinvate 纵坐标 Ordinate 横坐标 Abscissa 跨度 Span 开关 Bay 进深 Depth 层高 Floor height 净高 Clear height; headroom 横数 Module; modulus 裙房 Skirt building 楼梯 Staxlir 梯段 Stair slab 楼梯平台 Stair landing 安全出口 Safety exit 疏散楼梯 Escape staircase 楼梯间 Stair well 封闭楼梯间 Enclosure staircase 防烟楼梯间 Smoke prevention stair well 消防电梯间 Emergency elevators well 自动扶梯 Escalator 中庭 Atrium 疏散走道 Escape corridor; escapeway 耐火等级 Fire-resistive grade 生产类别 Classification of production 耐火极限 Duration of fire-resistance 防火间距 File-break distance 泄压面积 Area of pressure release 闷顶 Mezanine; mezzanine 砖标号 Grade of brick; strenth of brick 承重墙 Bearing wall 非承重墙 Non-bearing wall 挡土墙 Retaining wall 填充墙 Filler wall 围护墙 Curtain wall; cladding wall; enclosure wall 女儿墙 Parapet wall 隔墙 Partition （浴室、厕所）隔断 Stall 窗间墙 Pier 墙垛 Pillar 过梁 Lintel 圈梁 Gird; girt; girth 防潮层 Damp-proof course 勒脚 Plinth 横梁 Transverse wall 纵横 Longitudinal wall 山墙 Gable; gable wall 防火墙 Fire wall 压顶 Coping 勾缝 Pointing 砖砌平拱 Brick flat arch 预埋件 Embeded inserts 直抓梯 Ladder 栏杆 Railing 防腐蚀 Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion 化学溶蚀 Chemical erosion 膨胀腐蚀 Expansion corrosion 化学腐蚀 Chemical corrosion 电化学腐蚀 Electro-chemical corrosion 晶间腐蚀 Intergranular corrosion 气相腐蚀 Gaseous corrosion 液相腐蚀 Liguidoid corrosion 固相腐蚀 Solid corrosion 腐蚀裕度 Allowance for corrosion 锈蚀 Nusting 4.3 建筑材料 Building materials 级配砂石 Graded sand & gravel 素土夯实 Rammed earth 灰土 Lime-soil 素混凝土 Plain concrete 钢筋混凝土 Reinforced concrete(R.C) 细石混凝土 Fine aggregate concrete 轻质混凝土 Lightweight concrete 加气混凝土 Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete 陶粒混凝土 Ceramsite concrete 水泥膨胀珍珠岩 Cement & expended pearlite 岩棉 Mineral wool; mine wool 沥青 Saphalt 卷材 Felt 玛蹄脂 Asphalt mastic 粘土砖 Clay brick 釉面砖 Porcelain enamel brick 空心砖 Hollow brick 砌块 Block 缸砖 guarry brick 锦砖 mosac 地面砖 paving brick 防滑地砖 non-slip brick 耐酸砖（板） acidbrick (acidtile) 胶泥 mastic 粘土瓦 Cloy tile 玻璃瓦 enamelled tile 波形镀锌钢板 galvanijed corrugate steel sheet 玻璃钢瓦 glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile 彩色压型钢（铅）板 coloured corrugate steel (aluminium) plat; profiuing coloured stccl (aluminium) plat 石棉水泥瓦 ashestos-cement sheet 水磨石 terrajjo 水刷石 granite plaster 花岗石 granite 磨光花岗石 polished granite 剁斧石 artificial stone 大理石 marble 水泥砂浆抹面 cement plaster 石灰砂浆抹面 line plaster 水泥石灰砂浆抹面 cement-lime plaster 刀灰打底 hemp-cut and line as base 原木 Log 方木 sguare timber 板材 plank 胶合板 plywood 三夹板 3plywood 五夹板 5plywood 平板玻璃 plate glass 浮法玻璃 float-process glass 磨砂玻璃 ground glass; frosted glass 起玻璃 pnism glass 夹丝玻璃 Wire glass 夹层玻璃 sandwich glass 中空玻璃 hollow glass 钢化玻璃 reinforced glass 镀膜玻璃 coating glass 有机玻璃 organic glass 4.4 建筑构造及配件 Building construction & component 铺砌 psving 地坪 gradc 基层 bedding 素土夯实 rammed earth 垫层 base 结合层 bonding course 面层 Covering 隔离层 Mnsulation course 活动地板 raising floor; movable floor; access floor 篦子板 grating 地面提示块 ground prompt 遮阳板 sunshade 窗套 Window moulding 护角 curb guard 防水层 water-proof course 找平层 Leveling course 隔热层 heat insulation course 保温层 rhermal insulation course 柃条 purlin 天窗 skylight 天棚 ceiling 吊顶 suspending ceiling 吊顶花骨 ceiling joist 雨水口 drain gulley 水斗 Lead head 雨水管 Leader; downspout 天沟 Valley 挑檐 overhanging eawe 檐口 eave 泛水 flashing 分水线 water-sted 檐沟 eave gutter 汇水面积 catchment area 雨罩 canopy 散水 apron 坡道 ramp 台阶 entrance steps 保温门 thermal insulation door 隔声门（窗） sound insulation door (window); acousticol door (window) 防火门（窗） fire door (window) 冷藏门 freejer door 安全门 exit door 防护门（窗） protection door (window) 屏蔽门（窗） Shield door (window) 防风砂门 radiation resisting dooe (window) 密闭门（窗） weather tight door 泄压门（窗） pressure release door (window) 壁柜门 closet door 变压器间门 transformer room door 围墙门 gate 车库门 garage door 保险门 safe door 引风门 ventilation door 检修门 access door 平开门（窗） side-hunge door 推拉门（窗） sliding door 弹簧门 swing door 折迭门 folding door 卷帘门 ralling door 转门 revolving door 夹板门 palywood door 拼板门 FLB door (framed, Ledged and battened door); matchboard door 实拼门 solid door 镶板门 panel door 镶玻璃门 glajed door 玻璃门 glass door 钢木门 steel & wooden door 百页门 shutter door 连窗门 door with side window 传递窗 delivery window 观察窗 observation window 换气窗 vent sast 上悬窗 top-hung window 中悬窗 center-pivoted window 下悬窗 bottom-hung window 立转窗 vertically pivoted window 固定窗 fixed window 单层窗 single window 双层窗 double window 百页窗 shutter 带形窗 continuous window 子母扇窗 attached sash window 组合窗 composite window 落地窗 french window 玻璃幕墙 glajed curtain wall 门（窗）框 door (window) fram 拼樘料 transon （横），mullin （竖）门（窗）扇 door (window) leaf (平开窗扇 casement sash) 纱扇 sereen sash 亮子 transom, fanlight 门心板 pancl 披水板 weather board 贴脸板 trim 筒子板 Lining 窗台板 sill plate 防护铁栅 barricade; iron grille; grating 合页 butts; hinges; butthinges 执手 knob 撑档 catch 滑道sliding track 插销 bolt 拉手 pull 推板 push plate 门锁 mortice lork; door lock 执手锁 mortice lock with knob 4.5 建筑结构 Building structure 4.5.1 荷载 Load 活荷载 Live load 静荷载，恒载 Dead load 静力荷载 Static load 移动荷载 Mouing load 动力荷载 Dynamic load 冲击荷载 impact load 附加荷载 Superimposed 规定荷载（又称标准荷载） Specified Load 集中荷载 Concentrated Load 分布荷载 Distributed Load 设计荷载 Design Load 轴向荷载 Axial Load 偏心荷载 Eccentric Load 风荷载 Wind Load 风力、风压 Wind force、Wind Pressure 雪荷载 Snow Load 屋面积灰荷载 Roof ash Load （吊车）最大轮压 Maximun Wheel Load 吊车荷载 Crane Load 安装荷载 Erection Load 施工荷载 Construc tion Load 不对称荷载 Unsymmetrical Loading 重复荷载 Repeated Load 刚性荷载 Rigid Load 柔性荷载 Flecxible Load 临界荷载 Critical Load 容许荷载 Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load 极限荷载 Ultimatr Load 条形荷载 Strip Load 破坏荷载 Failure Load, Load ot failure 地震荷载 Seismic Load; Earthquake load 荷载组合 Conbination of load 4.5.2 地基和基础 Soil and foundation 地基 (Bed)soil 天然地基 Natulal ground 人工地基 Artigicial ground 混凝土基础 Concrete foundation; Concrete footing 毛石基础 Rubble masonry footing; (Rubble)stone footing 砖基础 Brickwolk footing 桩基础 Pile foundation 设备基础 Egiuipment foundation 机器基础 Machine foundation 独立基础 Indioidual footing, Isolatrd foundation Pad foundation 联合基础 Combined footing 大块式基础 Massiue foundation 条形基础 Strip foundation; Strip footing Strap footing; CBntinuousfooting 方形基础 Sguale footing 杯形基础 Footing socket 板式基础 Slab-foundation; Mat footing 阶梯形基础 Stepped foundation; Benched foundation (Stepped footing) 扩展基础 spread footing 扩底基础 Under-reamed foundation 浮伐基地 Raft foundation; Buoyant foandation Floating foundation 沉箱（井）基础 Caisson foundation 构架式基础 Frame foundalion 深基础 Decp foundation 基础 Footing Foundation 基槽 Foundation ditch; Foundation trench 基坑 Foundation pit 基础板 Foundation slab 基础梁 Foundation beam Footing beam 基础底面 Foundalion baic 基础底板 Foundation mat 基础垫层 Foundation-bed 基础埋置深度 Depth of embedment foundation 地下连续墙 Undelground continuous wall 打桩 Pile driving 打桩机 Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine 钢桩 Steel pile 水桩 Wood pile; Timber pilc 钢筋混凝土桩 Reinforced concerete pile 砂桩 Sand pile 石灰桩 Linle pile; Lime column; Quickime pile 单桩 Single pile 群桩 Pile gronp; Pile cluster 斜桩 Batter pile 预制桩 precalt pile 灌注桩 In-situ pile; Cast-in-plale pile Cast-in-situ pile; Fiuing pile 板桩 shect pile 拆密桩 Compaction pile 挤密砂桩 Sand compaction pile 灰土挤密桩 Line-soil compaction pile 钻孔桩 Bored pile 打入桩 Driuen pile 摩擦桩 Friction pile; Buoyant pile 端承桩 End bearing pile; Point pearing pile; Column pile (柱桩）支承桩 Bearing pile 抗拔桩 Tension pile; Uplift pile; 抗滑桩 Anti-slicle pile 桩承台 Pile cap 桩帽 Pile cap; {ile couel 桩头 Pile cyown; pile heat 桩端 Pile tip 桩身 Pile shaft 桩距 Pile spacing 桩钢筋笼 Pile cape 试桩 Test pile 桩荷载试验 Pile coad teet 桩的动荷载试验 Dynamic load telt of pile 桩的侧向荷载试验 Lateral pile load telt 桩的极限荷载 Ultimatl ple load 桩承载能力 Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of a pile Carrying capacity of a pile 土压力 Earth pressure 主动土压力 Actiue earth pressure 被动土压力 Passiue earth pressune 静止土压力 Earth pressule ot reat 容许地耐力 Allouable bearing strength 冰冻深度 Frozen depth; Frost depth; Frost penetration depth of frost penetralion 防冻深度 Frost-prdof depth 粘土类土 Clayey soil 轻亚粘土 Sandy loam 亚粘土 Sandy clay; Loam 砂质土 Sandy soil 砂砾石 Sandy grauel stratum 膨胀土 Expansiue soil 硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层 Hard pan 液限 Liguid limit 塑限 Plastic limit 塑料指数 Index of plasticity 松软土 Mellow soil; spongy soil 回填土 Balk fill Refilling 杂填土 Mislellaneous fill 地表水 Surfale water; 地下水 Groundwatcr 地下水位 Groundwater eltualion; Groundwater level; Groundwater table 容重 Unit weight 干容重 Dry unit weight 湿容重 Wet unit welght 饱和容重 Saturated unit weight 不均匀沉降 Unegual settelment; Differential settlement 地基处理 Ground treatment 地基加固 Ground stabilization; soil improuement 土质查勘 Soil exploration 地质勘察 Geological exploration 沉陷 Settlement 倾斜 obliguity; Inclination 滑移 Sliding 夯实土 Compacted soil 夯实填土 Compacted fill 夯实回填土 Tamped backfill 夯实分层厚度 Compacted lift 持力层 Bearing stratum; Supporting; Course 管道与基础相碰 Pipelinge interferes with foundation 4.5.3 一般结构用语 Terms for general structures 建筑结构 Builcling structure 建筑物 Building 结构形式 Strudural type 混凝土（砼）结构 Concrete structure 砌体结构 Masonry structure 砖砌结构 Brick constructure 石砌结构 Stone structure 砖砼结构 Brickand concrete structure 钢结构 Strrl structure 结构型钢 Shape steel 木结构 Timber structure 组合结构 Composite structure 框架结构 Frame struc ture 梁板结构 Beam and slab structure 构件 Member 承重构件 Load-braring member 结构构件 Struvture member 肋形屋盖 Ribbed roof 肋形楼板 Ribbed floor slab 无梁楼板 Flat plate; Flaf slab 桁架；屋架 Truss; Roof truss 三角形屋（桁）架 Triangular truss 梯形屋（桁）架 Trapezoidal truss 拱形屋架 Arch roof truss 折线形屋架 Segmental roof truss 弓形桁架 Bowstring truss 框架 Frame 排架 Bent frame 刚架 Rigid frame 门架 Portal frame 抗风构架 Wind frame 抗震构架 Aseismic frame 梁 Beam; Girder 大梁 Girdec 主梁 Principal beam; Primary beam 次梁 Secondary beam 加腋梁 Haunched beam 筒支梁 Simply beam 固端梁 Fixed beam 悬臂梁 Cantileuel beam 连续梁 Continuous beam 托梁 Spandrel 圈梁 girth 过梁 Lintel 曲梁 Curued beam bow beam 基础梁 Foundation beam 吊车梁 Crane girder T形梁 T-beam 柱 Column 组合柱 Combination column 立柱 Post 吊车柱 Crane column 抗风柱 End panel column 墙 wall 板 slab plate 承重墙 Bearing walls 柱网 Column grid 支撑系统 Brale system 柱间支撑 Portal bracing betwlen columns 屋石支撑 Roof bracing 垂直支撑 Uertical bracing 水平支撑 Horizontal bracing 剪刀撑 Cross bracing 临时顶撑,支撑 Shoring 桁架式支撑 Trussed braling 斜撑 Knel-brale 上弦 Tot chord 下弦 Bottom chord 节间 Panel 节点 Panel point 压杆 Compression member; strut 拉杆 Tension member; Tie-beam 腹杆 Web member 斜杆 Diagonal member 斜腹杆 Diagonal web member 吊杆 Hangel rod; sag rod 系杆，拉杆 Tie bar; sag rod 天窗架 Skylight frame 天窗 Monitor; Skylight 托座、牛腿 Bracket 檀条 Purlin 连接 Connection 接点 Joint 铰接点 Hinged point 固接点 Fixed Joint 安装接点 Erection joint 拼接接点 Splile joint 节点板、连接板 Gusset plate; Connecting plate 加劲板 Stiffener plate 支撑板 Bearing plate 填隙板 Filler plate 梁柱接头 Beam-column connections 截面 Cross seltion 拱 Arch 壳 Shell 伸缩缝 Expansion joint 沉降缝 Settlement joint 施工缝 Construction joint 防震缝 Aseismic joint 4.5.4 结构理论用语 Terms for theory of slructures a) 设计方法术语 Terms for design method 结构设计 Structure design 按极限强度设计 Ultimate strength desthn 按许可应力设计 Working stress design 按承载能力设计 Loading capacity design 按稳定性设计 Design accqrding to stabilitg 按变形设计 Design according to deformation 结构分析 Structurat analysis 结构计算 Stractural calcuiation 静定结构 Statically determinate struvtures 超静定结构 Statixally indeterminste strultures 精确计算 Rigorous calculation 近似计算 Approximate calculation 安全等级 Safety classes 极限状态 Limite states 摩擦系数 Coeficient of friction 质量密度 Mass density ]重力密度 Weight (Force) density b) 结构的作用效应术语轴向力 Normal fqrce 剪力 Shcar forle 弯矩 Bending moment 扭矩 Torque 水平推力 Horizontal thrust 水平拉力 Horizontal pull 水平（垂直）分力 Horizontal (uertical) componente 合力 Resultant 正应力 Normal stress 剪应力 Shear stress 主应力 Principal stress 次应力 Secondary stress 预应力 Prestress 位移 Displacement 挠度 Deflextion 变形 Deformation 弯曲 Bending; Flexure 扭转 Torsion c) 材料性能、结构抗力术语 Terms of property of material and resistamle of structure 抗力 Resistancc 抵抗力矩 Resistante moment 强度 Strength 刚度 Stiffness; Rigidity 抗裂度 Crack resistance 抗压强度 Cpmpressiue strength 抗拉强度 Tensile strength 抗剪强度 Shear strength 抗变强度 Flcxural strength 抗扭强度 Torsional strength 抗裂强度 Cracking strength 屈服强度 Yield strength 疲劳强度 Fatigue strength 弹性模量 Modulus of elasticith 剪切模量 Shear modulus 变形模量 Modulus of deformation 稳定性 Stabilith 泊松比 Poisson ratio d) 几何参数术语 Terma of geometry parameter 截面高度 Height of section 截面有效高度 Effective depth of section 载面宽度 Breadth of section 截面厚度 Thickness of section 截面面积 Area of section 截面面积矩 First moment of area 截面惯性矩 Second moment of area 截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词 Section modulus 回转半径 Radius of gyration 偏心距 Zclentrility 长度 Length 跨度 Span 矢高 Rvse 长细比 Slenderness ratio 4.5.5 砖石结构 Masonry construction 砖砌体 Brickwork 砌筑 Laying 砖标号 Grade of brick; Strength of brick 毛石砌体 Rubble masonry 毛石砼砌体 Grouted rubble masonry 水泥砂浆 Cement mortar 石灰砂浆 Lime mortar 水泥石灰砂浆 ement-lime mirtar 砂浆找平 Mortar levelling 4.5.6 钢筋砼结构 Reinforled concrete structuve 素混凝土 Plain comcre te 钢筋混凝土 Reinforcld concrete 预应力砼 Prestressed concrete 砼标号 Gracle of cincrete 钢号 Grade of steel 整体式结构 Monolthic structure 装配式结构 Assembled structure 预制构件 Precast element; Fabricated element 现浇 Cast-in

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