动词不定式的“时态”与句子谓语动词的时间关系.doc

动词不定式的时态与句子谓语动词的时间关系
动词不定式本身不表示“时”的特征，时间关系必须借助于句中谓语动词体现出来。上面四种不定式的“时态”，与谓语动作的时间先后有于下关系：
I) 一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生或发生于谓语动作之后。
I heard her to say that. 我听到过她讲那件事。（ 同时或几乎同时发生）
He seems to know this. 他好像知道这件事。（ 同时或几乎同时发生）
Mum must be very happy to know that you have passed the exam. 妈妈知道你考试过了关，她肯定很高兴。（ 同时或几乎同时发生）
I want you to go to swim together with me later. 我要你稍后和我一道去游泳。( 发生于谓语动作之后 )
Mr. Wang was invited to make a speech at the meeting. 王先生受邀在会上讲话。( 发生于谓语动作之后 )
I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。( 发生于谓语动作之后 )
II) 进行式：强调不定式的动作正在发生并与谓语动词同时发生。
I’m so happy to be working with you. 和你一起工作我很高兴。
He pretended to be listening to the teacher attentively. 他装作在用心听老师讲课。
She seems to be looking for something. 她似乎是在找什么东西。
They seem to be getting along quite well. 看来他们相处得不错。
Jack is believed to be washing the car, 相信此时杰克正在洗车。
III) 完成式：表示不定式的动作已经发生，即发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting a long time. 对不起，让您久等了。
He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎着了凉。
She seems to have known about it already. 她好像已经知道了那件事。
The student pretended not to have heard what the teacher said. 这学生装作没听到老师刚才讲了什么。
要是指将来情况，完成时不定式则表示在将来某时间点之前会完成的动作：
George expects to have finished the job by weekend. 乔治预计在周末以前干完这事。
IV) 不定式的完成进行式
如果不定式所表示的行为状态在谓语动词所表示的行为状态之前就已经发生，且一直持续到说话之时，就要用不定式的完成进行式，强调动作的连续性：
We are fortunate to have been learning from an excellent teacher. 真是幸运，一位优秀教师一直在教我们，。
He is said to have been working on a scientific research. 据说他一直在从事科研工作。
She was known to have been working on the solution to the heart diseases for many years. 据悉她多年来一直为解决心脏疾病问题而工作。