现在完成时态(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense,1,一,构成,:,have,/,has,+,动词,过去分词,(pp),肯定 主语,+have/has+pp,否定 主语,+have/has,not,+pp,疑问,Have/Has,+,主语,+pp+,其他,Yes,主,+have/has.No,主,+havent/hasnt.,2,I have finished my homework.,I have not finished my homework.,Have you finished your homework?,Yes,I have./No,I havent.,She has been to Europe.,She hasnt been to Europe.,Has she been to Europe?,Yes,she has./No,she hasnt.,3,1.,规则动词：与,过去时,变化相同。,(1),一般,+-ed,work-worked-worked,(2),以“,e”,结尾,+-,d,。,live-lived-lived,(3),“,辅音字母,+y”,结尾，,y,变,i,+-ed,。,cry-cried-cried,(4),重读闭音节结尾,(,辅元辅,),，双写后,+-ed,。,drop-dropped-dropped,2,、不规则动词，见不规则表（,p120,）,动词,过去分词,(pp),变化规则,4,二 含义及用法,1,表示,过去发生的动作或事情，,对现在的,影响,和产生的,结果,。,5,常用的关键词,yet(,否,/,疑,),already,已经,ever/never,曾经,/,从来不,just,刚刚,before,以前,recently,lately,最近,in the past/last 5 years,过去五年,by now,so far,up to now,till now,迄今,once,twice,一次,all/in ones life,某人一生,6,（,1,）,already,肯定句,:,“,己经,”,一般疑问句,:,句末,(,表示惊讶的语气,)“,难道,”,Have you had breakfast,already,？,(,表示强调,),Ive,already,had breakfast.(,更常见,),=Ive had breakfast,already.,7,注,:,有,already,的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词,.,Eg.Shes already eighty years old.,It was already very late.,8,(2),yet,否定句,:,句末“,还,(,没,),”,疑问句,:,句末,“,己经,”,Have you had breakfast,yet,?,I havent had breakfast,yet,.,9,注意：,当在肯定句中含,already,或,just,，变否定时，在句末加,yet,。,I havent seen the film,yet.,Mother has,just,cleaned the house.,Mother hasnt cleaned the house,yet,.,I have,already,seen the film.,10,(3),ever,肯定句,/,疑问句,:,句中,“,曾经,”,Ive,ever,been to Beijing.,Have you,ever,been to Beijing?,11,(4),never,否定句,:,句中“,从来没有,”,Ive,never,been to Beijing.,12,注,:,带,ever,的肯定句变否定句时,将,ever,变,never,He has,ever,made meal.,Have they ever travelled by train?,No,never.,He has,never,made meal.,带,ever,的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“,No,never.”,13,(5),just,用于,句中,表示“,刚刚,”,Ive,just,had breakfast.,What have they,just,done?,14,(6),before,用于,句末,表示“,以前,”,Ive seen it,before,.,Has she ridden a bike,before,?,15,before,与,ago,，,just,与,just now,before,表示现在看来的“以前”，常单独用于现在完成时中，,一般不与表示一段时间的词语连用,，而,ago,表示在过去某时间的“以前”，常用“,一段时间,+ago,”,的形式，与过去时连用；,just,常与现在完成时连用，多用于句中,助动词之后,修饰谓语动词，,just now,多与一般过去时连用，一般用于,句末,。如：,16,Have you met him before?,你以前见过他吗？,My brother met her in the street two days ago.,我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。,I have just had breakfast.,我刚吃过早餐。,She had breakfast just now.,她刚吃了早餐。,17,A:_ your brother _ a new watch?(buy),B:Not yet.,Key,words,Has bought,yet,18,A:_ you ever _ to the park?(be),B:Yes,I have.,Key,words,Have been,yet,ever,19,I _ never _ of anything like that.,(hear),Key,words,have heard,yet,ever,never,20,Tom _ in the factory since he,left school ten years ago.(work),Key,words,has worked,yet,ever,never,since,21,A:How long _ you _ in this school?(teach),B:For 6 years.,Key,words,have taught,yet,ever,never,since,for,22,I _ just _ the desk,you,can take it to your classroom.(mend),Key,words,have mended,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,23,_ you _ the Forbidden City,(,紫禁城,)before?(visit),Key,words,Have visited,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,24,He _ already _ a job.(find),Key,words,has found,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,25,We _ only _ the first,five questions so far.(discuss),Key,words,have discussed,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,26,They _over 20,000 fruit,trees up to now.(plant),Key,words,have planted,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,27,Great changes _ in,Beijing in the past 10 years.(take place),Key,words,have taken place,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,28,He _ a lot of good things,in his life.(do),Key,words,has done,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,29,I _ her lately.(not see),Key,words,havent seen,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,30,I _ him recently.,(not hear from),Key,words,havent heard from,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,recently,31,He _ in this city,ever since then.(live),Key,words,has lived,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,recently,ever since then,32,He _ in this high,school till now.(teach),Key,words,has taught,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,recently,ever since then,till now,33,2.,表示一个从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。,通常和,for,或,since,引导的时间状语连用。,注意：动词延续性,34,（,1,）,for,+,I have been here,for,5 weeks.,Hes studied English,for,3 years.,She has worked,for,10 hours.,一段时间,35,（,2,）,since,+,(,过去的,),时间点,I have been here,since 2000.,He has worked as a lawyer,since 5 years ago,?,Theyve lived in CQ,since they married in 2000,.,36,注,1),：,since,也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”；另外,since,前也可加上,ever,，以加强语气。,I have been here(ever)since then.,37,注,2),：,对,for,或,since,引导的时间状语提问用,how long,I have lived here,for 10 years,.,How long,have you lived here?,She has stood here,since 2 hour ago,.,How long,has she stood here?,38,注,3),：短暂性动词不能和,for,或,since,引导的时间状语连用，也不能用于,how long,问句中。,（误）,I have,left,for 5 years.,(,正,)I have,been away,for 5 years.,39,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,短暂性,(,短动词,),动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的,延续性,(,长动词,),动词,.,40,leave-,come/go(to)-,arrive(at/in)-,get(to)-,reach-,buy-,borrow-,finish-,join-,start/begin-,die-,close-,open-,return-,marry-,become-,be away(from),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),have,keep,be over,be in,/,be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,41,Please point out any mistakes and correct,She has bought the computer for two years.,had,buy,have/has,had,42,Please point out any mistakes and correct,How long have you come to the United States,？,been in,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,43,Please point out any mistakes and correct,Ann has gone to China since three months ago.,been in,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,go to,have/has,been in,44,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have got to Paris for one week.,been in,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,go to,have/has,been in,got to,have/has,been in,45,Please point out any mistakes and correct,My brother has joined the army for five years.,been in,been a soldier,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,go to,have/has,been in,got to,have/has,been in,join,have/has,been in,have/has,been a soldier,46,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have left Shanghai for 3 days.,been away for 3 days.,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,go to,have/has,been in,got to,have/has,been in,join,have/has,been in,have/has,been a soldier,leave,have/has,been away,47,Please point out any mistakes and correct,I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago.,kept,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,go to,have/has,been in,got to,have/has,been in,join,have/has,been in,have/has,been a soldier,leave,have/has,been away,borrow,have/has,kept,48,Please point out any mistakes and correct,The film has begun for 10 minutes.,been on,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,go to,have/has,been in,got to,have/has,been in,join,have/has,been in,have/has,been a soldier,leave,have/has,been away,borrow,have/has,kept,begin,have/has,been on,49,Please point out any mistakes and correct,The concert has finished for half an hour.,been over,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,go to,have/has,been in,got to,have/has,been in,join,have/has,been in,have/has,been a soldier,leave,have/has,been away,borrow,have/has,kept,begin,have/has,been on,finish,have/has,been over,50,Please point out any mistakes and correct,His dog has died for two years.,been dead,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,go to,have/has,been in,got to,have/has,been in,join,have/has,been in,have/has,been a soldier,leave,have/has,been away,borrow,have/has,kept,begin,have/has,been on,finish,have/has,been over,die,have/has,been dead,51,Please point out any mistakes and correct,She has married for six years.,been married,come to,have/has,been in,buy,have/has,had,go to,have/has,been in,got to,have/has,been in,join,have/has,been in,have/has,been a soldier,leave,have/has,been away,borrow,have/has,kept,begin,have/has,been on,finish,have/has,been over,die,have/has,been dead,marry,have/has,been married,52,eg.,a.He has borrowed my English book for two days.(False),b.He has kept my English book for two days.(true),a.I have bought the new dress since last month.(false),b.I have had the new dress since last month.(true),a.They have left for half an hour.You should come earlier.(false),b.They have been away for half an hour.You should come earlier.(true),53,a.How long has the film begin?(false),b.How long has the film been on?(true),a.He is an unlucky boy.His mother has died for several years.(false),b.He is an unlucky boy.His mother has been dead for several years.(true),a.He has joined the League since he came to the school.(false),b.He has been a league member since he came to the school.(true),54,注：,非延续性动词用于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时间。,但它的,否定式,可以跟段时间状语连用,.,Tom has left Beijing.,He has borrowed a pen from me.,Tom hasnt left Beijing since he came to this city in 2004.,They havent bought any new house since they moved to Shanghai.,She hasnt bought any new clothes for a year.,55,三,have/has gone to,:,已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；,(,去了未回来,),have/has been to,:,曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语；,(,去了已回来,),have/has been in:,表示某人“已在某地停留了一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。,(,状态,)(,曾经在，现在还在那里,),56,Exercises,Tom,在哪儿？他去书店买书了。,我在北京待了,5,年了。,Jack,去过上海两次了,-Where is Tom?,-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.,I have been in Beijing for 5 years.,Jack has been to Shanghai twice.,57,can you distinguish?,have/has,been to,have/has,gone to,have/has,been in,1.Bill _London,he will come back tomorrow.,2.A:Where are the twins?B:They _the cinema.,3.I _Paris twice.He,has,never,been,there.,4.A:,Have,you ever _America?B:No,never.,5.A:How long,have,you _China?B:For one year.,6.He left for England two days ago.He _there,for two days.,has gone to,have gone to,have been to,been to,been in,has been,58,四,特殊句型,1.,It is/has been+,一段时间,+since+,句子,(,一般过去时,),=,一段时间,+has passed,+since+,句子,(,一般过去时,),e.g.It is five years since I joined the army.,=Five years has passed since I joined the army.,59,这本书我借了一个月了。,I borrowed this book a month ago.,(,一般过去时,),It is/has been a month since I borrowed the book.,(,句型,1 its/been+,时间,since+,一般过去,),I have kept the book for a month./since a month ago.,(,现在完成时,),A month has passed since I borrowed the book.,(,句型,2,时间,+passed since+,一般过去时,),60,2.,被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句,(that,引导,),中，一般用现在完成时态。,This is the most delicious,food(that),Ive ever eaten.,这是我所吃过的最美味的食物。,She is the most beautiful,girl,(that)Ive ever seen.,她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘,61,3.,It is the first/second time,+,现在完成时,This is+the,最高级,+,名词,+that+,现在完成时,This is the first time(that)Ive heard him sing.,这是我第一次听他唱歌。,It is the first time that I have seen such a beautiful girl,It was the third time that the boy has been late.,This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.,这是我看过的最好的电影。,62,典型例题,(1)-Do you know our town at all?,-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was,B.have been,C.came,D.am coming,(2)-Have you _ been to our town before?,-No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,come,B.even,have come,C.ever,come,D.ever,have come,63,Correcting,1.I have borrowed the book for 3 months.,2.My bother has joined the army since he was 18.,3.Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.,4.The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.,5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/been a member of the army,since 5 years ago/for 5 years,came,did,catch,64,6.Ten years have passed since they got married.,7.Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.,8.What time have the factory opened?,9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice.,has,has been in,did,open,been to,65,五,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时,:,强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果，,与现在有关,。,一般过去时,:,仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，,与现在无关,。,他已学英语五年了。,He has studied English for five years.,他曾学过五年英语。,He studied English for five years.,（说明他还会继续学下去）,（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,66,Ive lived here for ten years.,我在这里住了,10,年。,(,现在仍住这儿,),I lived here for ten years.,我在这里住过,10,年。,(,现在不住这儿了,),He has bought a house.,他买了一栋房子。,(,现在已拥有这房子,),He bought a house ten years ago.,他,10,年前买了一栋房子。,(,现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚,),67,一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。,遇到,yesterday,Last year,in May,in+,过去某一年，,two days ago,the other day,just now,等就用一般过去时,(,表过去的时间,),当有,so far,in/during/over the past/last few days(,在过去,/,最近的几年里,),，,since,接过去时间状语或过去时的句子,等常用现在完成时,(,不能与确定的时间,),68,