现在完成时态课件(共68张PPT).ppt

现在完成时现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense一 构成:have/has+动词动词过去分词过去分词 (pp)(pp)肯定主语+have/has+pp否定主语+have/hasnot+pp疑问Have/Has+主语+pp+其他Yes,主+have/has.No,主+havent/hasnt.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.ShehasbeentoEurope.ShehasntbeentoEurope.HasshebeentoEurope?Yes,shehas./No,shehasnt.1.规则动词：与过去时变化相同。(1)一般+-ed work-worked-worked(2)以“e”结尾,+-d。live-lived-lived(3)“辅音字母+y”结尾，y变i,+-ed。cry-cried-cried(4)重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅)，双写后+-ed。drop-dropped-dropped2、不规则动词，见不规则表（p120）动词动词过去分词过去分词 (pp)(pp)变化规则变化规则二含义及用法1表示过去发生的动作或事情，过去发生的动作或事情，对现在的影响影响和产生的结果结果。常用的关键词常用的关键词yet(否否/疑疑),already已经已经ever/never曾经曾经/从来不从来不just刚刚刚刚before以前以前recently,lately最近最近inthepast/last5years过去五年过去五年bynow,sofar,uptonow,tillnow迄今迄今once,twice一次一次all/inoneslife某人一生某人一生（1）already肯定句肯定句:“己经己经”一般疑问句一般疑问句:句末句末(表示惊讶的语气表示惊讶的语气)“难道难道”Haveyouhadbreakfastalready？(表示强调)Ivealreadyhadbreakfast.(更常见)=Ivehadbreakfastalready.(2)yet否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句:句末句末“己经己经”Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.注意：注意：当在肯定句中含当在肯定句中含alreadyalready或或justjust，变否定时，在句末加，变否定时，在句末加yetyet。Ihaventseenthefilmyet.Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse.Motherhasntcleanedthehouseyet.Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.(3)ever肯定句肯定句/疑问句疑问句:句中句中“曾经曾经”IveeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?(4)never否定句否定句:句中句中“从来没有从来没有”IveneverbeentoBeijing.注注:带带ever的的肯肯定定句句变变否否定定句句时时,将将ever变变neverHehasevermademeal.Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermademeal.带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”(5)just用于用于句中句中,表示表示“刚刚刚刚”Ivejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?(6)before用于用于句末句末,表示表示“以前以前”Iveseenitbefore.Has she ridden a bikebefore?before与与ago，just与与justnowbefore表示现在看来的表示现在看来的“以前以前”，常单独用，常单独用于现在完成时中，于现在完成时中，一般不与表示一段时间的词一般不与表示一段时间的词语连用语连用，而，而ago表示在过去某时间的表示在过去某时间的“以前以前”，常用，常用“一段时间一段时间+ago”的形式，与过去时连的形式，与过去时连用；用；just常与现在完成时连用，多用于句中常与现在完成时连用，多用于句中助助动词之后动词之后修饰谓语动词，修饰谓语动词，justnow多与一般过多与一般过去时连用，一般用于去时连用，一般用于句末句末。如：。如：Haveyoumethimbefore?你以前见过他吗？你以前见过他吗？Mybrothermetherinthestreettwodaysago.我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。Ihavejusthadbreakfast.我刚吃过早餐。我刚吃过早餐。Shehadbreakfastjustnow.她刚吃了早餐。她刚吃了早餐。A:_ your brother _ a new watch?(buy)B:Not yet.KeyKey wordswordsHasboughtyetA:_ you ever _ to the park?(be)B:Yes,I have.KeyKey wordswordsHavebeenyeteverI _ never _ of anything like that.(hear)KeyKey wordswordshaveheardyeteverneverTom _ in the factory since he left school ten years ago.(work)KeyKey wordswordshasworkedyeteverneversinceA:How long _ you _ in this school?(teach)B:For 6 years.KeyKey wordswordshavetaughtyeteverneversinceforI _ just _ the desk,you can take it to your classroom.(mend)KeyKey wordswordshavemendedyeteverneversincefor just_ you _ the Forbidden City(紫禁城)before?(visit)KeyKey wordswordsHavevisitedyeteverneversincefor just beforeHe _ already _ a job.(find)KeyKey wordswordshasfoundyeteverneversincefor just before alreadyWe _ only _ the first five questions so far.(discuss)KeyKey wordswordshavediscussedyeteverneversincefor just before already sofarThey _over 20,000 fruit trees up to now.(plant)KeyKey wordswordshaveplantedyeteverneversincefor just before already sofaruptonowGreat changes _ in Beijing in the past 10 years.(take place)KeyKey wordswordshavetakenplaceyeteverneversincefor just before already sofaruptonowinthepast10yearsHe _ a lot of good things in his life.(do)KeyKey wordswordshasdoneyeteverneversincefor just before already sofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifeI _ her lately.(not see)KeyKey wordswordshaventseenyeteverneversincefor just before already sofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyI _ him recently.(not hear from)KeyKey wordswordshaventheardfromyeteverneversincefor just before already sofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyHe _ in this city ever since then.(live)KeyKey wordswordshaslivedyeteverneversincefor just before already sofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethenHe _ in this high school till now.(teach)KeyKey wordswordshastaughtyeteverneversincefor just before already sofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethentillnow2.表表示示一一个个从从过过去去开开始始，一一直直持持续到现在的动作或状态。续到现在的动作或状态。通通常常和和for或或since引引导导的的时时间间状状语连用。语连用。注意：动词延续性注意：动词延续性（1）for+Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.Shehasworkedfor10hours.一段时间一段时间（2）since+(过去的)时间点时间点Ihavebeenheresince2000.Hehasworkedasalawyersince5yearsago?TheyvelivedinCQsincetheymarriedin2000.注1)：since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。Ihavebeenhere(ever)sincethen.注2)：对for或since引导的时间状语提问用howlongIhavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?注3)：短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用于howlong问句中。（误）Ihaveleftfor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawayfor5years.短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换短暂性短暂性(短动词短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的但是他可以转换成相应的延延续性续性(长动词长动词)动词动词.leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbeShehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.hadbuyhave/hashadHowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadAnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeninIhavegottoParisforoneweek.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninMybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.beeninbeenasoldiercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierIhaveleftSetohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayIhaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.keptcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayborrowhave/haskeptThefilmhasbegunfor10minutes.beenoncometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayborrowhave/haskeptbeginhave/hasbeenonTheconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour.beenovercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayborrowhave/haskeptbeginhave/hasbeenonfinishhave/hasbeenoverHisdoghasdiedfortwoyears.beendeadcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayborrowhave/haskeptbeginhave/hasbeenonfinishhave/hasbeenoverdiehave/hasbeendeadShehasmarriedforsixyears.beenmarriedcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayborrowhave/haskeptbeginhave/hasbeenonfinishhave/hasbeenoverdiehave/hasbeendeadmarryhave/hasbeenmarriedeg.a.HehasborrowedmyEnglishbookfortwodays.(False)b.HehaskeptmyEnglishbookfortwodays.(true)a.Ihaveboughtthenewdresssincelastmonth.(false)b.Ihavehadthenewdresssincelastmonth.(true)a.Theyhaveleftforhalfanhour.Youshouldcomeearlier.(false)b.Theyhavebeenawayforhalfanhour.Youshouldcomeearlier.(true)a.Howlonghasthefilmbegin?(false)b.Howlonghasthefilmbeenon?(true)a.Heisanunluckyboy.Hismotherhasdiedforseveralyears.(false)b.Heisanunluckyboy.Hismotherhasbeendeadforseveralyears.(true)a.HehasjoinedtheLeaguesincehecametotheschool.(false)b.Hehasbeenaleaguemembersincehecametotheschool.(true)注：注：非延续性动词用于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时间。但它的否定式否定式可以跟段时间状语连用.TomhasleftBeijing.Hehasborrowedapenfromme.TomhasntleftBeijingsincehecametothiscityin2004.TheyhaventboughtanynewhousesincetheymovedtoShanghai.Shehasntboughtanynewclothesforayear.三have/hasgoneto:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；(去了未回来去了未回来)have/hasbeento:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语；(去了已回来去了已回来)have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留了一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。(状态状态)(曾经在，现在还在那里曾经在，现在还在那里)ExercisesTom在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack去过上海两次了-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.have/hashave/hasbeentobeentohave/hashave/hasgonetogonetohave/hashave/hasbeeninbeenin 1.Bill _London,he will come back tomorrow.1.Bill _London,he will come back tomorrow.2.A:Where are the twins?B:They _the cinema.2.A:Where are the twins?B:They _the cinema.3.I _Paris twice.He 3.I _Paris twice.He hashas never never beenbeen there.there.4.A:4.A:HaveHave you ever _America?B:No,never.you ever _America?B:No,never.5.A:How long 5.A:How long havehave you _China?B:For one year.you _China?B:For one year.6.He left for England two days ago.He _there 6.He left for England two days ago.He _there for two days.for two days.has gone tohas gone tohave gone tohave gone tohave been tohave been tobeen tobeen tobeen inbeen inhas beenhas been四四特殊句型特殊句型1.Itis/hasbeen+一一段段时时间间+since+句句子子(一般过去时一般过去时)=一段时间一段时间+haspassed+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)e.g.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.这本书我借了一个月了。Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.(一一般过去时般过去时)Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.(句型句型1its/been+时间时间since+一般过去一般过去)Ihavekeptthebookforamonth./sinceamonthago.(现在完成时现在完成时)AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.(句型句型2时间时间+passedsince+一般过去时一般过去时)2.被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句的定语从句(that引导引导)中，一般用中，一般用现在完成时态。现在完成时态。Thisisthemostdeliciousfood(that)Iveevereaten.这是我所吃过的最美味的食物。Sheisthemostbeautifulgirl(that)Iveeverseen.她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘3.Itisthefirst/secondtime+现在完成时现在完成时Thisis+the最高级最高级+名词名词+that+现在完成时现在完成时Thisisthefirsttime(that)Iveheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveseensuchabeautifulgirlItwasthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。典型例题(1)-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming(2)-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No,itsthefirsttimeI_here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecomeCorrecting1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?havekepthasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmysince5yearsago/for5yearscamedidcatch6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.8.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?9.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwice.hashasbeenindidopenbeento五五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时现在完成时:强调这一动作产生的结果对现强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果，在的影响或结果，与现在有关与现在有关。一般过去时一般过去时:仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，过这一动作，与现在无关与现在无关。他已学英语五年了。他已学英语五年了。HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.（说明他还会继续学下去）（说明他还会继续学下去）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）Ivelivedherefortenyears.我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)Ilivedherefortenyears.我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)Hehasboughtahouse.他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)Heboughtahousetenyearsago.他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。显的时间状语。遇到遇到yesterday,Lastyear,inMay,in+过去某一年，过去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般过去时等就用一般过去时(表过表过去的时间去的时间)当有当有sofar,in/during/overthepast/lastfewdays(在过去在过去/最近的几年里最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句接过去时间状语或过去时的句子子等常用现在完成时等常用现在完成时(不能与确定的时不能与确定的时间间)