现在完成时态讲解.ppt

present(now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时(present perfect tense)do my homework 1现在完成时的基本句式是“have（has）过去分词”。如：Ihaveseenthatfilm我已经看过那部影片了。Wehavejustfinishedourhomework我们刚刚做完家庭作业.Shehasgonehome她回家去了。注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”,“刚刚”,“过”或“了”等.2现在完成时一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。如：Haveyoureadthisstorybookyet？你读过这本故事书吗？Hasheeatenthatappleyet？他吃那个苹果了吗？注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）一般疑问句译成汉语时,往往译成“.过吗？”,“还有.吗？”等.3）其肯定回答用：Yes，.have（has）否定回答用：No，.havent（hasnt）有时用：No，notyet或No，never3现在完成时的否定句式是“have（has）+not过去分词”。如：WehaventstudiedUnit2yet我们还没学习第二单元。Thetrainhasntstoppedyet火车还没有停下来。注意：1）现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。2）否定句常译为“还没有”等。动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed；词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d。如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped动词的过去分词的规则变化不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAA:putputputletletletABA:becomebecamebecomeABB:standstoodstoodABC:eatateeatencost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。AAA有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词含规则动词)ABC原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)现在完成时的用法1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：-Itssodark.-Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)-Areyoufree?-Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)Practice:1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause_2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_.my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before常与现在完成时连用的副词：already，just，yet，ever，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，yet，ever，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework我已经做完家庭作业了。Hehasjusthadhismeal他刚吃过饭。Theyhaventstartedyet他们还没有动身。Wehaveneverheardofit我们从来没有听说过这件事。2现在完成时态既涉及过去，又联系现在，它可表示动作或状态过去已经开始一直延续到现在，和由“for+时间段”或“since+过去时间点/从句”引导的时间状语连用。例如：Wehavelivedhereforfiveyears我们在这里住了五年了。Ihaveknownhimsincehewasaboy我从他还是个孩子的时候就认识他了。Hehasbeenateacher since2000.他从2000年就开始当老师了。ShehaslearnthowtodanceShehaslearnthowtodance(2000.4-2000.9)How long has she learnt how to dance?for five months.since April.一、用for和since填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997_two weeks_three years ago_last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince1.Theyve known each other since_.A.1995 B.three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_.A.last year B.one year 3.She has been a doctor for_.A.two years B.two years ago 4.Ive had a headache since_.A.I got up this morning B.five hours 5.Weve been here for_.A.one hour B.one oclock 6.My parents have owned this house for_.A.a long time B.many years agoAABABA二、选择3延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。（1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：UncleWanghasworkedinthisfactoryfortenyears王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。（2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die等，这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：【正】Theplayhasbegun.戏开演了。（戏正在演着）【误】Theplayhasbegunforhalfanhour【正】Theplayhasbeenonforhalfanhour.戏开演半小时了。4、常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下：comecometogooutleavebegin/startbuyborrowjoindieputoncatchacoldgettoknowbecomeateacherfallasleepgotosleepbebeinatbeoutbeawaybeonhavekeepbeamemberof/beamemberbedeadwearhaveacoldknowbeateacherbeasleepsleep例如：Theyhavebeenhereforfiveyears他们来这里已经五年了。（这里come这一非延续性动词改成了be。）翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。I have bought this watch for five years.I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.The old man has died for ten years.The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.He has come back for 3 days.He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.1.havebeento意思是“到过，去过”表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。Eg.HassheeverbeentoNanjing?2.havegoneto意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。Eg.ShehasgonetoNanjing.3.havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了Eg.YouhavebeeninBeijingfor2years.havebeen与havegone的用法比较用用 Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.Mikeandhisparents_thenorthforhalfayear.2.Mumisnotathomenow.she_theshop.3._youever_tokunming?Never.4.Where_you_thesedays?5.HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_hereforseveraldays.6.WhereisPeter?Idontknowwherehe_.1.HiJim!Where_you_?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhavegonetoHavebeenhavegonehavebeeninhavebeentohavebeen1.A:_you_(clean)theroom?B:Yes,we_(do)thatalready.A:When_you_(do)it?B:We_(do)itanhourago.2.When_he_(see)thefilm?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(be)there?4.I_(read)thenoveltwice.Itsinteresting.5.-How_she_(go)theParis?-She_(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.HOMEWORKHOMEWORKHOMEWORKHOMEWORK