句子（疑问句、祈使句、感叹句）.docx

专题：句子The Sentences
句子按使用的目的可分为四类：
1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句
 从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：
 1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句
 句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences）
1、陈述句：
（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。
（2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。
说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。
2、疑问句：
（1）一般疑问句： Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。
Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。
说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。回答要用yes或no 
（2）特殊疑问句：Who is the man? 这人是谁？
When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ 
What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？
  说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句） 
（3）选择疑问句：Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。
Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。
  说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。
（4）反意疑问句：They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？
You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ 
说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。
He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？
He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？
说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。
3.祈使句：
（1）陈述句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。
（2）否定句：Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。
  说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。
4.感叹句：
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
（1）How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
 How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！
（2）What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！
  What +a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
 What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！ 
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！
 What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!
（3）what + n.： What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！ 
How + adj.：How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！
How + adv. ：How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！
How + adj. + a (an) + n. ：How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！
说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句专练
1. ---English has large vocabulary, hasn’t it ?
---Yes, _____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Known B. Knowing C. To know D. Know
2. ---Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…
---Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker to you, and _____ you forget it!
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
3. ______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
4. ---You haven’t been to Shanghai, have you?
---________. How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
5. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _______?
A. do I b. don’t I C. will they C. won’t they
6. If I knew the answer, I wouldn’t be working, _______?
A. didn’t’ I B. did I C. would I D. wouldn’t I
7. The news that they failed their English examination discouraged him, _______?
A. did they B. didn’t they C. did it D. didn’t it
8. ________ some of this juice— perhaps Tom will like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
9. _______ at the door before entering, please!
A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock
10. _______ we have today!
A. A fine weather B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather D. What fine weather
11. Oh, John. ______ you gave us!
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
12. ---Please don’t make a noise!
---________.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. No, I won’t D. Yes, I will
13. The telephone is ringing. Someone ______ the phone, please!
A. answer B. to answer C. answers D. answered
14. He little realized that he made a big mistake, ________?
A. didn’t he B. hadn’t he C. had he D. did he
15. ---Nice to see you all.
---It’s been a long time since you dropped in, Mary_______?
A. didn’t you B. isn’t C. don’t you D. hasn’t it
16. Tell me how to use the computer, ______?
A. will you B. don’t you C. do you D. shan’t you
17. You’d rather not do it, ______?
A. should you B. wouldn’t you C. would you D. must you
18. I don’t think you’re serious, ________?
A. don’t you B. do I C. are you D. aren’t you
19. It is unfair to treat him like that, ________?
A. is it B. isn’t it C. doesn’t it D. does it
20. She missed the bus yesterday, _______?
A. did she B. didn’t she C. had she D. hadn’t she
21. Mary must have come here yesterday, ________?
A. didn’t she B. mustn’t she C. hadn’t she D. wasn’t she
22. They must have finished the work, _______?
A. mustn’t they B. haven’t they C. didn’t they D. needn’t
23. The accident can’t have happened to him, _______?
A. hasn’t he B. has it C. didn’t he D. didn’t it
24. There happened to be a supermarket, _______?
A. wasn’t there B. didn’t there C. wasn’t it D. didn’t it
25. When and where to build the lab hasn’t be decided, ______?
A. hasn’t it B. have they C. was it D. has it
26. He is a doctor but his wife doesn’t have a job, _______?
A. isn’t he B. doesn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she
27. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, you will go climbing, ______?
A. does it B. will you C. won’t you D. doesn’t it
28. What a lovely day, _______?
A. doesn’t it B. isn’t it C. hasn’t it D. won’t it
29. I’m interested in collecting stamps, ________?
A. don’t I B. amn’t I C. am I D. aren’t I
30. I wish to have two tickets for the concert, _______?
A. can I B. will I C. do they D. may I
31. ---Lucy, you wash the dishes, _______?
---Mom, can’t Lily do it? It’s her turn.
A. don’t you B. can you C. will you D. shall you
32. What you said made him angry, ______?
A. wasn’t it B. wasn’t he C. didn’t it D. don’t it
答案：1－5 DDDDC 6－10 CDBDD 11－15 CBADD
16－20 ACCBD 21－25 ABBBA 26－30 DCBDD
31－32 CC