高三英语第一轮复习：知识点Module-5-Unit-5人教实验版知识精讲.doc

高三英语第一轮复习：知识点Module 5 Unit 5人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：一轮知识点Module 5 Unit 5学习过程一、重点单词1. damage (1)n.损失； 损害， 损坏do/cause damage to损害，破坏(2)vt.损害，损坏； 使受损失The earthquake damaged several buildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。a badly damaged car严重损坏的汽车拓展：damage, destroy, ruin damage, destroy 和 ruin 这三个单词均表示“破坏”、“损坏”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与to something 连用。例如：Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。destroy 只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解，也可以指希望、计划等打破。例如： The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时，它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”、“弄糟”解；用作名词时,它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。例如：The fire ruined the castle. 那场大火使城堡夷为废墟。The house has fallen into ruin. 房子倒塌了。The company is facing ruin. 这家公司面临破产。2. present （1）vt.赠予； 颁予， 呈递present flowers to sb.(present sb. with flowers)献花给某人present reasons提出理由present a new aspect呈现出一派新气象present a new play 上演一出新戏Allow me to present Mr Black to you.请允许我向您介绍布莱克先生。（2）adj.现在的， 出席的， 存在的at the present time目前， 现在the present price现价the present participle现在分词be present at a ceremony出席仪式（3）n.礼物， 现在， 目前at present现在， 目前二、重点短语1. first aid（1）n.（对伤患者的）急救give first aid to sb.= carry out first aid on sb.对某人实施急救拓展：aid n.帮助， 援助， 帮助者，有帮助的事物cut off aid中止援助teaching aids教具a hearing aid助听器medical aid医疗救护with the aid of借助于= with the help ofcome to sb.s aid帮助某人in aid of为了帮助we collect money in aid of the education in the poverty-stricken area. 我们筹集资金以援助贫困地区的教育。（2）vt.资助， 援助， 帮助I aided him in his enterprise.They aided in solving the problem.2. a number of adj.“许多的， 若干”后接可数名词区别：the number of / a number of： 都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。The number of the trees is two thousand. （用单数谓语. 另注意trees前有限定词）A number of trees have been cut down. （用复数谓语. 另注意trees前无限定词）拓展：后接可数或不可数名词的短语：1）lots of（a lot of）后接可数或不可数名词。例如：My parents spend a lot of their spare time on English study. Mike had collected lots of Chinese stamps when he studied in China. 2）plenty of后接可数或不可数名词。例如：We have plenty of books to read. There is plenty of water in apple. （注：plenty of一般只用于肯定句，在疑问句中常改用 enough；在否定句中常改用 many或 much。另外， plenty of短语作主语时，谓语动词的数由它后面的名词的数而定。）3）most of后接可数或不可数名词。例如：Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students in our class are fond of sports. 4）a large quantity of后接可数或不可数名词。例如：A large quantity of books have been translated into foreign languages. There is a large quantity of coal in the coalmine. 后只接可数名词的短语1）a group of后接可数名词的复数。例如：A group of wounded soldiers were saved by Dr Bethune. 2）a（great/large/good）number of后接可数名词的复数。例如：There are a number of professors in our college. A great（largegood） number of new machines have been sent to the country side. 3）a great many后接可数名词的复数。例如：There are a great many books in our school library. 4）scores of后接可数名词的复数。例如：Scores of dustmen took part in the strike. 后只接不可数名词的短语1）a great（good deal of）后接不可数名词。例如：A great deal of information can be stored in computers. 2）a large amount of 后接不可数名词。例如：They are going to spend a large amount of time on the research work. 3. make a difference有影响， 很重要It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.这表明急救知识的确能发挥重要作用。Everyone can make a difference as long as he tries to.只要努力，人人都可以有所作为。拓展：It makes no difference whether是否没有什么差别= It doesnt matter whether . 如：It makes no difference whether you are for or against the arrangement.你反对还是赞成这安排都没有关系。（没用）4. stick to 粘住， 坚持Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉。Cover the burned area with a bandage that will not stick to the skin.用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带把烧伤面包起来。拓展：stick to, insist on, keep onstick to a decision/ plan/ theory坚持决定/计划/理论（不改变）insist on doing sth.坚持要做某事Stick to what you think is right, no matter what others say.He insisted on going home, though it was very late.For many years he kept on studying English and using it until he could used it freely.三、重点句型1. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.不要擦拭，因为这样做会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。小结as的用法：（一）as作副词，表示程度，意为“同样地”。在“as. . . as. . . ”，“not as. . . as. . . ”结构中的第一个as是副词，作“和与(不)一样”解。e.g.：Jack is as tall as his father. He doesnt speak English asso fluently as you. （二）as作介词。 作“如，像”解。e.g.：They got united as one man. 作“充当，作为”解。e.g.：As a writer，he was famous. （三）as作连词，常用来连接主句和状语从句。1. 引导时间状语从句，作“当的时候”解，有“随着”之意，与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事一发生，另一事立即发生。e.g.：He shouted aloud as he ran along. 他一边往前跑，一边高声地呼喊。I was startled as he opened the door. 他一开门，吓了我一跳。 as作连词，相当于when。e.g.：As a little boy (When he was a little boy)he began to learn to play piano. 他小时候就开始学弹钢琴。 2. 引导原因状语从句，作“因为，由于”解，与because的用法相近。e.g.：I must stop writing now，as I have rather a lot of work to do. 我必须停笔了，因为我还有许多工作要做。引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句，作“正如，(如)像”解。e.g.：As in your country，we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像)你们国家一样，我们在北方种小麦，在南方种水稻。(方式状语从句) When at Rome，do as Romans do. 入乡随俗。(方式状语从句) 3. 引导让步状语从句，作“虽然，尽管”解。这时从句常用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。e.g.：Strange as it may seem，it is true. 尽管这事看上去很奇怪，但却是真的。 Try as he might，Tom could not get out of the difficulties. 不管怎样努力，汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。（四）as作关系代词。1. 引导限制性定语从句，用在“suchas”, “the sameas”，“asas”等结构中，常译作“像一样的人(或物)”，“凡是的人(或物)”。 e.g.： He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was. 他曾希望做一个像雷锋那样的人。My hometown is no longer the same as it was. 我的家乡再也不像过去一样了。2. 引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句)，意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以位于句首、句中或句末。e.g.：As is well known，oceans cover more than 70 of the earth. 我们知道，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十以上。（五）含as的固定词组的用法1. as soon as作“一就”解，引导时间状语从句。e.g.：As soon as I get to Beijing，Ill write to you. 我一到北京，就给你写信。2. asso long as作“只要”解，e.g.：AsSo long as you study hard，youll make progress. 只要你努力，你就会取得进步。3. as ifthough常用来引导方式状语从句，作“好像，仿佛”解。如果从句中讲的是非真实情况，则用虚拟语气。e.g.：She loves the child as ifthough he were her own. 她爱这个孩子如同爱自己的孩子。As ifthough也可用来引导表语从句，常用在“It appearslooksseems+as ifthough”句型结构中。e.g.：It appears as ifthough it is going to clear up. 看起来天要晴了。 It seems as ifthough he knew nothing about it.他好像对此事一无所知。4. as to作“关于，至于”解。e.g.：There is no doubt as to his honesty. 他的诚实是无可置疑的。 5. as muchmany as作“多达”，“达到之多”解。e.g.：He can earn as much as 5000 dollars a month. 他每月能挣5000美元。6. soas far as I know作“就我所知”解，在句中作插入语。e.g.：AsSo far as I know，he will come here next Monday. 据我所知，他将于下星期一到这里来。7. as a result，as a result of表示“由于的结果”。 e.g.： She died as a direct result of the accident. 她的死是那次事故的直接结果。8. as well为“也，还”之意。e.g.：Come early，and bring your brother as well. 早点来，把你的弟弟也带来。 9. so as to，so. . . as to若跟动词原形，表示目的或结果。e.g.：He studied hard so as to pass the exam. 他努力学习以便通过考试。(表示目的)考点例题：用as完成1)对于学生而言， 电脑和英语是同样重要的学科。For us students, _.2)尽管他是个小孩子， 他凭借他的表演天赋已获得一些名气。_, he has gained some popularity through his talents for acting. 【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）（一）用框内所给词组的适当形式完成下列句子（其中两个是多余的）holdin place, fall ill, applyto, preventfrom, first aid, over and over again, dress the cut, stick to, protect. from, make no difference 1. It _ whether I give my suggestions or not, because he wont listen to me.2. His back injury may _ him _ playing in tomorrows game.3. The third degree burns _ all three layers of skin and even tissue and organs under the skin.4. It is said that taking this medicine can _ one _ being infected with flu virus.5. Its illegal to _ advertisements _ public places.6. Though his method of teaching is good, I cant _ it _ my teaching.7. Theres a great need for everyone to learn some knowledge of _, in case of emergencies.8. He didnt come to school, because he _.9. My grandfather is forgetful. I have to tell him something _ before he remembers it.10. His arm is bleeding heavily. We must _ at once.（二）使用as完成下列句子1. 对于学生而言， 电脑和英语是同样重要的学科。For us students, _.2. 尽管他不是个小孩子， 他凭借他的表演天赋已获得一些名气。_, he has gained some popularity through his talents for acting. 3. 由于我经验不足，所以我不能独自驾车出去。_, I cant drive out on my own.4. 我小时候，常和伙伴们一起玩捉迷藏游戏来取乐。_, I often played hide-and seek games with my little friends to amuse ourselves.5. 正如我们所料，只有很少人来参加音乐会。Only a number of people came to the concert, _.6. 只要你答应归还，你就可以把这本书借走。You may borrow this book _.（三）根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。We often think of future. We often wonder _1_the world will be like a hundred years time. Think of _2_ space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon _3_ (set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as _4_. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, _5_ (permit) long journeys through the solar system. When that time comes, people will be taking holidays in space and visiting _6_ planets. Great progress will have been made _7_ medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years time. _8_ the world will have been developedeven Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earths land to build our cities, _9_ floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities _10_ the sea. 【试题答案】（一）1. makes no difference 2. prevent from 3. do damage to4. protect from 5. stick to6. apply to 7. first aid 8. had fallen ill 9. over and over again 10. dress the cut（二）1. computer is as important a subject as English = computer is a subject as important as English2. Child as he is 3. As I am not experienced yet4. As a child = When I was a child5. as we had expected 6. as long as you promise to give it back（三）1. what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语2. / 表太空，不可数，也不用定冠词 e.g. in space3. will have been set up 参照短文时态4. tourists/visitors/travelers 5. permitting 非谓语考点6. other 7. in 8. All 9. so/thus/therefore 因果关系 10. under