初高中语法衔接.doc

一． There be句型
There is a pen and some books on her desk.主谓一致就近原则
There seems to be
There happens to be
There used to be等
There used to be a temple.
二． 基本时态
时态
基本结构
时间状语有
一般现在时
1. am/ is/ are
2. do/ does
often，usually，always，sometimes，every day(week,month), now and then
现在进行时:反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly等连用
am/ is/ are doing
now, at this time, at present time, at this moment
现在完成进行时:一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在，强调现在还在进行
has/ have been doing

现在完成时:过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响
have/ has done
so far, up to now, already, yet, just, before, recently, in the past few years, since引导的状语从句的主句
一般过去时
1. was/ were
2. did
ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), just now, in 2000
过去进行时：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作
was/ were doing
at this time yesterday,由when或while引导的时间状语从句中
过去将来时
would do
the next day, the following month
过去完成时:过去的过去
had done

一般将来时
1. be going to do
2. will do
tomorrow, tomorrow morning, the day after tomorrow,next week, in a few days
将来完成时
will have done
by the end of last month, by the time
将来进行时
will be doing

She said that she had ever been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。（一般过去时）
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.昨天这时机器正在被修。（过去进行时被动）
The book has been read many times by me.这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。（现在进行时被动）
I was studying at primary school in those years.那些年我在小学读书。（过去进行时）
It has been raining since last night.(现在完成进行时)
I have been painting the living room all day.(现在完成进行时)

现在进行时
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作。
(2)表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly等连用。
He is always changing his mind.
He is always helping others.
He is constantly talking loudly.他总是大声讲话。
(3) 表示位置移动的词用现在进行时表将来。begin, go, leave, start, arrive, see sb off, return, stay, take等。
They are leaving for Paris this afternoon.他们今天下午动身去巴黎。

被动语态
1) am/is/are +done 一般现在时
2）has /have been done 现在完成时
3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时

4）was/were done 一般过去时
5）had been done 过去完成时
6）was/were being done 过去进行时

7） will be done
be going to be done
一般将来时
8）would be done
was/were going to be done过去将来时
9） will have been done 将来完成时
10) 情态动词的被动结构 情态动词＋be＋过去分词

三． 非谓语的初步认识
不定式：
to do→to be done
to be doing
to have done→ to have been done

-ing：doing→being done
Having done → having been done

过去分词：done

It is important to protect the environment.
I expect you to write to me.
My hope is to become an artist.
I know a boy called Tom.
Can you hear someone singing outside?