初高中语法衔接.doc

一 There be句型There is a pen and some books on her desk.主谓一致就近原则There seems to beThere happens to beThere used to be等There used to be a temple.二 基本时态时态基本结构时间状语有一般现在时1. am/ is/ are2. do/ doesoften，usually，always，sometimes，every day(week,month), now and then现在进行时:反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly等连用am/ is/ are doingnow, at this time, at present time, at this moment现在完成进行时:一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在，强调现在还在进行has/ have been doing现在完成时:过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响have/ has doneso far, up to now, already, yet, just, before, recently, in the past few years, since引导的状语从句的主句一般过去时1. was/ were 2. didago, yesterday, last week(month, year), just now, in 2000过去进行时：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作was/ were doingat this time yesterday,由when或while引导的时间状语从句中过去将来时would dothe next day, the following month过去完成时:过去的过去had done一般将来时1. be going to do2. will dotomorrow, tomorrow morning, the day after tomorrow,next week, in a few days将来完成时will have doneby the end of last month, by the time将来进行时will be doingShe said that she had ever been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。（一般过去时）The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.昨天这时机器正在被修。（过去进行时被动）The book has been read many times by me.这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。（现在进行时被动）I was studying at primary school in those years.那些年我在小学读书。（过去进行时）It has been raining since last night.(现在完成进行时)I have been painting the living room all day.(现在完成进行时)现在进行时(1)表示现在正在进行的动作。(2)表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly等连用。He is always changing his mind.He is always helping others.He is constantly talking loudly.他总是大声讲话。(3) 表示位置移动的词用现在进行时表将来。begin, go, leave, start, arrive, see sb off, return, stay, take等。They are leaving for Paris this afternoon.他们今天下午动身去巴黎。被动语态1) am/is/are +done 一般现在时2）has /have been done 现在完成时3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时4）was/were done 一般过去时5）had been done 过去完成时6）was/were being done 过去进行时7） will be done be going to be done 一般将来时8）would be done was/were going to be done过去将来时9） will have been done 将来完成时10) 情态动词的被动结构 情态动词be过去分词三 非谓语的初步认识不定式：to doto be doneto be doingto have done to have been done-ing：doingbeing doneHaving done having been done过去分词：doneIt is important to protect the environment.I expect you to write to me.My hope is to become an artist.I know a boy called Tom.Can you hear someone singing outside?