非谓语动词学生版高二.doc

非 谓 语 动 词
－－动词不定式（to do）
非谓语动词: a. 动词不定式 b. 动名词 c. 分词( 现在分词 过去分词)
△概述：1.谓语动词： .
2.非谓语动词： .
△非谓语动词使用条件：
一个句子当中， , 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

★动词不定式
一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：
1． 一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.
2． 进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.
3． 完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.
4． 被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.
5． 完成被动式to have been done
例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
二. 动词不定式的用法
I.作主语
(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
To see is to believe．
Not to get there in time is your fault.
(2)注：常用it做 ，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。
句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.
句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor.
It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.
句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的 ）
It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ）
1. 十点前完成这份工作对于我来说很容易。

2. 出席你的生日聚会我感到很荣幸。

3．你那样对老师说话很不礼貌。

II.作宾语
接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.
I don’t expect to meet you here
(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等
They wanted _to get___( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? He said he wished __to be____( be ) a professor.
(2)it作形式宾语
主语+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it + adj/n + to do sth.
1.我们认为守法很重要。
.
2. 我知道一天之内完成这么多作业是不可能的。
.
(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:
tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover,
1. 他告诉我们如何使用这个工具。
.
2. 我还没决定是走还是留。
.
下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：
stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做
forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过
remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过
regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过
try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做
go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）
mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ ______ for another hour.
A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting
Boys, don't forget _ ___ the windows before you leave the classroom.
A. closing　B. closed　C. to closing　D. to close
She reached the top of the hill and stopped __ ____ on a big rock.
A. to have rested　B. resting　C. to rest　D. rest
Remember _ ______ the lights when you leave the office.
A. to turn off　B. turning off　C. turn off　D. to turning off
(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不带to的不定式.(前有do,后无to”)
I can’t do anything but ______ (go )out with her.
I can’t help but (laugh ) .
I have no choice but _ ___.（wait）.
III.作宾语补足语
1. I’ll get someone _to__ repair the recorder for you.
2. What caused him _to__ change his mind?
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do
注意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.
The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.
He is often heard _______(sing) the song.
Though he often made his deskmate ______(cry), today he was made _ _ (cry) by his deskmate.
IV．作定语
 I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)
1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?
2) 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there.
3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is always the last to leave the room.
4) 不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词
1.The house is not big enough for us all__ ___.
A. to live in　B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in
2. Would you please pass me the knife __ ____?
A. to cut the fruit with　B. to cut the fruit  C. cutting the fruit　D. cutting the fruit with
3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper （写上）
4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）
V.作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。
I came here to see you．
We were very excited to hear the news．
He hurried to the school to find nobody there.
对比To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.
To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.
To get there in time, he told me to get up early.
不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.
This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry.

非 谓 语 动 词
－－－动名词、分词
一. 动名词的基本构成

主动语态
被动语态
一般式
Doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
No one likes being laughed at.
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.
二.动名词的功能
⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.（作主语）
⑵ My job is looking after children.（作表语）
⑶ I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语）
⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语）
①It is no use crying. ②It is no good objecting
常见的动词有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.
短语: be/get used to ,can’t help/stop, can’t stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put off
e.g.①She sat there without _ ___ (speak)
②I look forward to ___ (see) him again.
③Are you used to __ (live) there alone?
④When my father heard the news, he couldn't help _ ___ (laugh).
⑤I don’t feel like _ ___ (go) to see the film.
⑥He was busy _ __ (prepare) his lessons
主动表被动:
① The room wants ___ (clean).
② The method needs _ __ (improve).
③ This pair of shoes require _ __ (mend).
④ The problem needs _ (work out).
⑤ The question is well worth _ _ (discuss)
d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
What would you like to eat tonight?
动名词的复合结构
动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动
名词的复合结构或动名词短语
a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如：
Nixon’s visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic
relations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们的到来对我们是一个极大的鼓励。
b. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人
称代词宾格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.
★分词
（一）分词的作用 现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。
1．作定语
Do you know the boy standing at the gate?
Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？
2．作表语
We are excited at the news.
The news he told us is exciting.
3．作宾语补足语
I heard him singing a song in the classroom.
We found the ground covered with snow.
4．作状语
While lying in bed, he listened to some music.
Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.
分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。
现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别: .
1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.
(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.
2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.(When )
3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If )
4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. (and I .)
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. (Because )
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they )
（二）分词的时态
现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：
Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.
现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如：
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
（三）现在分词的被动式
被动一般式 being done 被动完成式 having been done
This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.
Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.
（四）分词的否定形式
分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：
Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.
Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.
（五）分词独立主格结构(难)
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：
Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.
The meeting being over, they all left the room.
The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.
She stood there, book in hand.
Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.
由There being +主语 这种结构多表示原因。例如：
There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.
with + 复合宾语结构
（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Don’t speak with your mouth full.
（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.
（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 He was asleep with his head on his arms.
（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.
With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.
（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.
（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词 With his matter settled, we left the room.
Consolidation.
1. Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.
A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped
2. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy___ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched
3. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked
4.. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very
interesting and rewarding.
A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked
5. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked
6. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made
C. made D. having been made
7. The party will be held in the garden, weather .
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permitted D. permit
8. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to B. comparing to
C. compare to D. compared to
9. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
10. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use
11. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.
A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock
12. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________ in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacking C. being attacked D. having been attacked
13. Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
14. _______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.
A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand
15. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _____ an even greater challenge.
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
16. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told
17. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____.
A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide
18. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
19. Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use B. used C. using D. use
20. The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started
21. He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched.
A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left
22. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _____ to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
23. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.
A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered
24. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.
A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows
25. This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate
26. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found
27. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound
28. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.
A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash
29. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ____ silent.
A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain
30 . I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ____ his job. A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit
31. “It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _____ for customers.
A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved
32. ______ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it soon or later.
A. Based