高一竞赛改错指导.doc

高一竞赛短文改错答题技巧
短文改错题检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力.进而考察学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平，考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语(课程)的能力考生英语水平的高低完全可以从这一题型体现出来然而很多考生对该题感到束手无策.关键在于找不到错误、不会找错误。那么怎样找错误、发现错误就成了解题的关键。
　　短文改错解题思路和检查原则：
　　1.句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词;
2.谓语动词的时态、语态;
3.非谓语动词的用法;
4.名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确;
5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;
6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;　
7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;
8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
短文改错解题四原则：
改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变词形为原则以保持句子原意为原则。
短文改错解题步骤：通读全文，掌握大意;整句分析，逐行推敲
　　反复通读，复查验证。解题注意要点和能力培养：
1.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。
2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。
3.核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
　　短文改错常见错误类型：
　　1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did改为do，错误类型属于①) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting改为visited,错误类型属于②) There will an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④) One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. ( was改为were，错误类型属于③)
　　2.名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject改为subjects) Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)
　　3.连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but)
　　4.冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a改为the，the same是固定搭配) As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加a) I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词，故have后加a)
　　5.形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.)
　　6.代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I / me ;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me改为myself) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加s) What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改为them)
　　7.非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy后需接动名词，talk改为talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语,应改为going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语，read改为reading) I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing)
8.介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用There are too many people among my family. (among改为in，in my family为固定搭配) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at, the moment引导从句)
二 练习（每行缺词、改词、删词、正确四种可能当中的一种）
The journey was long and tired. We left London at five o’clock 1_____
in the evening and spend eight hours in the train.2_______
We had been travelled for 3 hours 3__________
after someone appeared selling food and drinks. 4___________
It was darkness all the time we were crossing Wales, 5___________
but we could see nothing through the windows. 6_______________
When we finally arrived Holyhead nearly everyone 7____________
was slept. As soon as the train stopped, 8___________
everybody come to life, grabbing their suitcases 9_______
and rushing onto the platform. 10. _______

The first man set foot on the moon 1__________
was an American calling Neil Armstorng. He landed on the moon 2__________
with Edwin Aldrin in July 21, 1969 3__________
in the lunar module [(飞船)舱]. 4 ___________
When they were made the famous moon-walk, millions of people 5___________
watched them through the television. They stayed on the moon for 6 ___________
about 21.5 days. Then they took off 7_____________
with their lunar module and joined Michael Collins in the 8_________
command module. Armstrong and Aldrin brought back some dust and rock 9_____
from the moon to further the scientific studies in the moon. They didn’t find any life on the moon. 10________

Calvin Coolidge, 30th president of the United States, 1___________
was famous for a man of few words. 2____________
He knew what he should talk and when he should not. 3_____________
It was very hard of anyone to enjoy talking with him. 4______________
One evening he was inviting to dinner. 5_______________
A lady sitting next to him past the sugar for his coffee. “Mr President,” 6________
she said.”Today a friend of me said that 7_____________
I couldn’t get much than two words out of you. 8___________
I said I can, and we made a bet.” 9____________
“You lose,” answered the president.10____________
Key1： 1.将tired改为tired。tiring令人劳累的。
2.属时态错误。将spend改为spent。
3.去掉been。为主动语态。
4.after改为before。
5.将darkness改为dark。
6.but(为so从卜下丈可知。
7.在arrive后加in或at。
8.slept改为sleeping。过去进行时。
e改为came。从上文时态可知。 10.正确。
Key2： 1.在man后加who(that)。为定语从句。
2.calling改为called。“名叫……”用过去分词called。
3.将in改为。on表示在某日用介词。
4.正确。 5.made改为making。为过去进行时。
6.去掉the.看电视watch TV，TV前不用冠词。
7.将days改为hours。days不符。
8.with改为in，意为“乘坐登月舱”。
9.rock改为rocks。
10.把in改为of。意为“进一步对月球的研究”，studies为名词，后用of。
Key3:
　　1. 在30th前加the。序数词前应加定冠词。
　　2. for改为as。be famous for ...为……而出名;be famous as ...作为……而出名。
　　3. what改为when。从下文and when的信息可知。
　　4. 把of改为for。It is +adj. +for sb. to do...为固定用法。
　　5. 将inviting改为invited。应为被动语态。
　　6. past改为passed。 pass为动词，而past为介词。
　　7. 将me改为mine。我的一个朋友，应说a friend of mine。
　　8. 把much改成more than为搭配。
　　9. can改为could。为时态错，从said可知。
　　10. 正确。

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