七年级英语寒假专题：时态和句型、情景会话湘教版知识精讲.doc

英语寒假专题：时态和句型、情景会话湘教版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
寒假专题：
1. 时态和句型；
2. 情景会话

［学习过程］
一. 时态
1. 一般现在时的用法
（1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
He goes to school by bike sometimes.
I watch TV on Sundays
（2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
（3）表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。
注意：（2）（3）用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
（4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
（5）注意事项：在主语是单三的情况下，谓语动词应该用单三的形式，即加-s,或者-es。
He plays basketball on Saturdays.
The girl often cries.
（6）一般现在时的各种句式。
肯定句：He is a student.
He likes playing computer games.
We all do our homework after dinner.
否定句：He isn’t a student.
He doesn’t like playing computer games.
We all don’t do our homework after dinner.
一般疑问句：Is he a student?
Does he like playing computer games?
Do you do your homework after dinner?
肯定回答、否定回答：
Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.
Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.
Yes, we do./ No, we don’t.

2. 现在进行时
（1）现在进行时的基本用法。
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
（2）有些动词是没有现在进行时的。
a. 事实状态的动词：have, belong, continue等
I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.
b. 心理状态的动词：know, think, see, want, need, love, hate等
I need your help. He loves her very much.
（3）瞬间动词：finish, give, allow, decide, refuse
I accept your advice.
（4）系动词：smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn
You seem a little tired.

二. 重点句型
1. 见面问好：How are you?/Nice to meet you/ How do you do?/ Hello/Good morning
2. 询问别人：Who is she?
3. 询问国籍：Where is she from?
4. 询问年级、班级：What grade/class are you in?
5. 询问年龄：How old are you?
6. 询问电话：What’s your phone number?
7. 询问别人的特征：What does she look like?
8. 描述别人的特征：
He has big eyes/ long hair/ big nose/ round face...
He is tall/ short/ fat/ thin/ young/ old...
The girl in red.
9. 询问颜色：What color is his hair?
10. 询问哪一个：Which one do you like?
11. 询问是谁的：Whose cat is this?
12. 选择疑问句：Is the boy tall or short?
13. 问名字：May I know your name?/ What’s your name?
回答：My name is.../ I am ...
14. 问兴趣：Do you like...?
回答：Yes, a little/ a lot/ very much
15. 问职业：What does your mother do?
回答：She is a ...
16. 询问意见：Would you like ...?What do you think of...?
17. 提供帮助：Can I help you? May I help you? What can I do for you?
18. 询问价格：How much is it?/ How much are they?
19. 提建议：Let’s ... How about ...?
20. 问时间：What time is it?
21. 询问喜好：What do you like best?
22. 赞成某人的建议：That sounds great/ interesting! It’s a good idea! I’d like to... Ok...
23. 不赞成某人的建议或拒绝提议。
No, thanks. Sorry, ... Maybe next time,...
24. 询问别人是否合适：How do/ does...fit?

三. 情景会话
1. 打电话
I want to make a phone call to...我想给……打个电话。
May I speak to ...? 我想同……通话。
Sorry, She is not in at the moment. 对不起，她不在。
Certainly, hold on/wait a minute, please. 当然，请等一下。
..., you are wanted on the phone. 玛丽，你的电话。
Will you take a message for her? 请你给她捎个口信行吗？
Would you mind giving her a message? 请你带个口信给她好吗？
I have to ring off now. Somebody is waiting to use the phone.
我得挂了，有人等着用电话。
Please tell her to call me back this evening. My number is...
This is ... speaking/... speaking我就是...
Hello, ... is here. 你好，我是…
Hello, This is ... 你好，我是吉姆。
Who's that? /Who is speaking?你是谁？
Is that …… speaking? 你是……吗？
Does she have your number? 她有你的电话号码吗？
Sorry，I have the wrong number.对不起，我打错电话了。
2. 买东西
How much is/are (the)...please?
It's/They're...yuan a kilo.
That's too cheap/ expensive.
May I help you?/ Can I help you?/ What can I do for you?
I want..., please.
I'd like..., please.
How many/much do you want? About..., please.
Here's the money/change.
Give me..., please.
We sell ...for...

【典型例题】
例1. My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find
C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found
答案：D。前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

【模拟试题】（答题时间：90分钟）
选择题
I. 基础选择
( )1. These books are _____. _____ are in _____ bags.
A. my. you, you B. My, Yours, your
C. mine, Your, yours D. mine, Yours, your
( )2. Would you like _____ your mother cook supper?
A. helping B. to help C. help D. to helping
( )3. Let Tom _____ right away.
A. go home B. to go home C. goes home D. goes to home
( )4. ---May I have some milk?
---Sorry, we have _____ left（剩下）.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
( )5. Tom with his classmates _____ an English lesson now.
A. has B. have C. are having D. is having
( )6. Could you_____ a message _____ him?
A. take, to B. give, to C. leave, from D. give, for
( )7. She is _____ the blackboard, but she can’t _____ the words on it.
A. looking at, see B. seeing, look at C. seeing, see D. looking at, look at
( )8. We would like some meat and fruit _____ lunch.
A. to B. in C. of D. for
( )9. Would you please _____ her _____ me back?
A. ask, to call B. ask, call C. to ask, call D. to ask, to call
( )10. Look at the boys. They _____ games at school.
A. play B. playing C. are play D. are playing
( )11. A:
B: Nice to see you, too.
A. Nice to see you. B. How are you?
C. How do you do! D. See you later
( )12. A: Here you are.
B:
A. That’s right. B. Let me see. C. Thanks. D. Yes , I like it
( )13. A:
B: He’s tall.
A. Is the boy tall or short? B. Is the boy tall?
C. Is the boy short? D. How old is he?
( )14. A: Would you like an egg and some fish?
B: .
A. No, please, I’m full. B. That’s a good idea.
C. No, thanks. D. You are OK.
( ) 15. A: Thank you, Kangkang.
B:
A. Not at all. B. Of course. C. I think so. D. Don’t say that
( )16. －What’s your favorite______? Basketball.
A. sport B. color C. subject D. movie
( )17. －May I help you?－
A. No, you can’t. B. Yes, please. C. Yes, you can. D. Sorry.
( )18. ____the man? He is Kate’s father.
A. What’s B. Who’s C. Whose’s D. How’s
( )19. －What color is it?－It’s orange. It’s orange pen.
A. a, an B. an, an C. an,× D. ×, an
( )20.－What you doing?
－I’m a book.
A. do, seeing B. are, looking C. do, watching D. are, reading

Ⅱ. 完形填空，仔细阅读下面对话，在A, B, C, D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。
A: What’s your name?
B: 1 name’s Jenny.
A: 2 Lucy. 3 are you?
B: I’m 4 .
A: Is 5 your brother?
B: Yes.6 name is Ben.
A: Do you like 7 tennis?
B: Yes, that sounds 8 .
A: Do you 9 a tennis racket(球拍)?
B: No, I don’t. I only have a computer game.
A: Well. Let’s 10 computer games.

( )1. A. My B. I C. Your D. Her
( )2. A. My name B. I’m C. I D. She’s
( )3. A. What B. Where C. Who D. How
( )4. A. good B. small C. fine D. lost
( )5. A. she B. this C. this girl D. him
( )6. A. His B. Her C. My D. Its
( )7. A. play B. plays C. to play D. to plays
( )8. A. bad B. difficult C. boring D. interesting
( )9. A. like B. have C. likes D. has
( )10. A. plays B. to play C. play D. playing

Ⅲ. 阅读理解（一）
(A)
Everybody has a home. We people have homes. Animals(动物) have homes, too.
Some animals live(住) under the ground(地面). The woodchuck lives in holes(洞 ) under the ground. His home has two doors. If anybody comes in one door, he goes out from the other door. Some birds live in holes in trees. They come out for food in the daytime（白天）and go back to sleep at night. But many birds live just in the trees. It’s quite interesting that turtles（海龟）carry their homes on their backs. Bees（蜜蜂）work hard to make their homes. There are many, many little rooms in their house. Cats, dogs, and chicks live in people’s homes.
We see all kinds of animals in the zoo. It is a big home for lots of animals.
根据上文内容判断正误，正用“T”表示，误用“F”表示。
( )1. People and animals both (都) have homes.
( )2. A woodchuck’s home has two rooms.
( )3. All birds’ homes are holes in trees.
( )4. Bees don’t work hard to make their homes beautiful .
( )5. People’s homes are some animals’ homes, too.

(B)
72 Newton Drive
London SW6
3rd October
Dear David,
How are you? I’m fine. I’m in London, at the International（国际的） School of English. I’m in Class 3 with eight students. They’re from different countries—Spain（西班牙）, Japan, Argentina（阿根廷）, Switzerland（瑞士）and Thailand（泰国）. Our teacher’s name is Henry Briscall. He’s very nice. He’s a very good teacher.
I’m living with an English family. Mr and Mrs Brown have three children. Thomas is fourteen, Catherine is twelve, and Andrew is seven. They are all very friendly, but it isn’t easy to understand(懂) them!
London is very big and very interesting. The weather is good—cold but sunny—and the parks are beautiful! Hyde Park, Green Park, and St. James’ Park are all in the city centre(中心).
English food is OK, but the coffee is horrible(可怕)!
Write to me soon.
Love,
Paul
根据上文内容选出正确答案。
( )6. The letter is from .
A. David B. Paul C. Paula’s classmate D. Not A, B or C
( )7. The writer’s (作者的) class has .
A. many students B. nine students C. eight students D. eight girls
( )8. The writer lives (住) .
A. at school B. in a hotel C. with her classmates D. at Mr Brown’s home
( )9. Hyde Park is .
A. in a school B. in London C. in Japan D. small
( )10. The letter is NOT about .
A. the writer’s classmates B. the writer’s teacher
C. the writer’s dinner D. London

非选择题
Ⅳ. 词形变换：选择方框里的词，并用其适当形式填空，每词只用一次。

1. Mary has two red______.
2. This pen isn’t yours. I think it’s _________.
3. Mr Wang is a good ___________. He works on a farm .
4. How many does he have every day ?
5. Miss Li is a _________ teacher. He teaches us Chinese .
6.He has to a friend this Sunday .
7.How about to have a picnic next Sunday ?
8. Mr Wang often TV on Saturday evening .
9. Wanglin’s mother is a doctor and his father is a .
10. Look !The children are on the river( 河) .

V.口语交际：根据对话内容与上下文，用适当的词或句子补全对话，使对话完整通顺。
Mrs Brown =A Salesgirl=B
A: Good morning!
B: Good morning! ① ?
A:② . I want to buy a sweater.
B: Come this way. Here are sweaters .
A: ③ is this white one?
B: 49 dollars（美元）.
A: How much is it in Chinese money?
B: About 400 yuan.
A: ④ .
B: But good things always cost (值) much .
A: I know that. And ⑤ that blue one?
B: That’s cheap(便宜). It’s only 100 yuan.
A: Ok. I’ll take it.

VI. 综合填空：阅读短文，根据每个空格中所给的单词首字母，填入适当的词，使短文完整
I am an American b . My name is Jerry Black. You can c me Jerry.
I h a sister, Ginny. We are twins（双包胎）. But we are very d . I have a long face w a high nose, while she has a round face with a small nose. I like football. But she l basketball. I like loud music. She likes light music.
My father is a doctor in a h . My mother runs(经营) a clothing s . We have a family member, Beibei. She is a lovely dog. She will have a puppy（小狗） s .

VII. 阅读理解（二）
根据短文内容回答问题或填空完成句子。
It is a fine day. Zhou Jun and his friends Steve, Lucy and Amy are out for a picnic. They are in the beautiful countryside(乡下). There is a clean river, wide open green field(野外) with beautiful flowers and some big trees.
Look! Lucy is preparing food. Steve is staring(开始) a fire. Amy is washing the dishes. What’s ZhouJun doing? He is carrying water. He is strong. Some birds are singing in the sky. How happy they are!

1. What are they doing?
2. What’s Lucy doing?
3. Is Steve carrying water?
4. Some birds in the sky.
5. It is a fine day . they are !

VIII. 书面表达： 下面是王海的作息时间表，根据他的时间表写一段小短文，请以第三人称“he”（友情提示：别忘了动词 +s ）介绍王海的一天。
Time
Work
6：00
起床
6：10
跑步
6：30
读英语
7：00
吃早餐
7：30
上学
8：00—12：00
上四节课(have... from... to... )
4：00p.m.
回家
6：00p.m.
吃晚饭
7：00p.m.
看电视或做作业
10：00p.m.
睡觉
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【试题答案】
Ⅰ. 基础选择：
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D
6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D
11. A 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A
16. A 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. D

Ⅱ. 完形填空（ 10分）
1-5 ABDCB 6-10 ACDBC

Ⅲ. 阅读理解（一）（20分）：
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C

Ⅳ. 词形变换：
1. boxes 2. hers 3. farmer
4. classes 5. Chinese 6. visit
7. going 8. watches 9. driver
10. swimming

V. 口语交际：
①Can / May I help you ？ What can I do for you ？
②Yes ， please
③How much
④It’s too expensive / dear
⑤what / how about

Ⅵ.综合填空：
1. boy 2. call 3. have 4. different 5. with 6. likes 7. hospit