英语词典Q-R.doc

Q, q / kju:; kju/ n (pl Qs, qs / kju:z; kjuz/) 1 the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表中的第十七个字母: Queen starts with (a) Q/Q. Queen字以Q字母开始. 2 (idm 习语) mind ones ps and qs = mind2.Q/ kju:; kju/ abbr 缩写 = question: Q and A, ie question and answer 问题和答案 * Qs 1-5 are compulsory, eg in an exam paper. 1-5题为必答题（如试卷说明）. Cf 参看 A 2.QB/ 9kju: 5bi:; 9kju bi/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit law 律) Queens Bench. Cf 参看 KB.QC/ 9kju: 5si:; 9kju si/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit law 律) Queens Counsel: Mr Justice Norman QC 王室法律顾问诺曼法官. Cf 参看 KC.QE2/ 9kju: i: 5tu:; 9kju i tu/ abbr 缩写 = Queen Elizabeth the Second (a cruise liner) 伊丽莎白女王2号（邮船）: a holiday on the QE2 乘伊丽莎白女王2号邮船度假.QED/ 9kju: i: 5di:; 9kju i di/ abbr 缩写 = which was to be proved (Latin quod erat demonstrandum) 证明完毕（源自拉丁文quod erat demonstrandum）.qrabbr 缩写 = quarter(s).qtabbr 缩写 = quart(s).qtoabbr 缩写 = quarto.qtyabbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) (esp on order forms) quantity （尤用於订货单）.qua/ kweI; kwe/ prep (fml 文) in the capacity or characterof (sb/sth); as 以（某人某事物）的身分或特性; 作为: I dont dislike sport qua sport I just think its rather a waste of time. 我倒不是不喜欢运动本身-而是觉得有些浪费时间.sine qua non/ 9sIneI kwB: 5nEUn; sInI kwB non/ (fml 文) essential condition; thing that is absolutely necessary 必要条件; 必不可少的事物: Patience is a sine qua non for a good teacher. 做个优秀教师必不可少的条件是要有耐心.quack/ kwAk; kwAk/ interj, n harsh sound made by a duck （鸭叫的）嘎嘎声.quackv I make the sound of a duck 作鸭叫.quack-quackn (used by and to small children 儿语) duck 鸭鸭; 鸭子quack/ kwAk; kwAk/ n (infml 口) person who pretends to have special knowledge and skill, esp in medicine 冒充有专门知识和技能的人; （尤指）庸医, 江湖医生: Dont be taken in hes just a quack. 可别上当-他纯粹是江湖医生. * attrib 作定语 a quack cure for arthritis 庸医治关节炎的疗法.quackery/ -ErI; -ErI/ n U methods or practices of a quack 庸医的医术或行医.quad/ kwCd; kwBd/ n (infml 口) 1 =quadrangle 2.2 = quadruplet.quadr(i)-comb form 构词成分 1 having four parts 有四部分的: quadrilateral * quadruped. 2 being one of four parts 四部分之一的: quadrant * quadruplet.Quadragesima/ 9kwCdrE5dVesImE; 9kwBdrEdVZsImE/ n the first Sunday in Lent 大斋期的第一个星期日.quadrangle/ 5kwCdrANgl; kwBdrANl/ n 1 plane figurewith four sides, esp a square or rectangle 四边形; （尤指）正方形, 长方形. 2 (fml 文) four-sided courtyard surrounded by large buildings, eg in an Oxford college （四周由大型建筑物围绕的）方形庭院（如於牛津大学学院的）.quadrangular/ kwC5drANgjUlE(r); kwBdrANjJlL/ adj having four sides 有四边的; 四边形的.quadrant/ 5kwCdrEnt; kwBdrEnt/ n 1 quarter of a circle or of its circumference 圆的或圆周的四分之一; 象限. =illus at circle 见circle插图. 2 instrument with an arc of 90 marked off in degrees, for measuring angles 象限仪; 四分仪.quadraphonic (also quadrophonic)/ 9kwCdrE5fCnIk;9kwBdrEfBnIk/ adj (of sound-reproduction) using four transmission channels （指录音放音）四声道的.quadraphony (also quadrophony)/ kwC5drCfEnI; kwBdrBfEnI/ n U system for recording and reproducing sound in this way 四声道录音放音系统或设备.quadratic equation/ kwC9drAtIk I5kweIVn; kwBdrAtIkIkweVEn/ (algebra 代数) equation that uses the square (and no higher power) of an unknown quantity, eg x2 + 2x - 8 = 0 二次方程式（如 x2 + 2x - 8 = 0）.quadrennial/ kwC5drenIEl; kwBdrZnIEl/ adj 1 lasting for four years 持续四年的. 2 happening every fourthyear 每四年一次的.quadrilateral/ 9kwCdrI5lAtErEl; 9kwBdrElAtErEl/ n, adj (plane figure) with four sides 四边形（的）.quadrille/ kwE5drIl; kwEdrIl/ n (music for a) square dance for four couples 四对方舞（曲）: play/dance a quadrille 演奏四对方舞曲跳四对方舞.quadrillion/ kwC5drIlIEn; kwBdrIljEn/ pron, det, n(pl unchanged or s 复数或不变或作 quadrillions) (after a or one, a number, or an indication of quantity 用於a或one之後或用於数目或表示数量的词语之後) 1 (Brit) number shown by 1 followed by 24 zeros; one million to the power of 4 *1後有24个0的数; 一百万的4次幂. 2 (US) number shown by 1 followed by 15 zeros; one thousand to the power of 5 *1後有15个0的数; 一千的5次幂.quadrophonic, quadrophony= quadraphonic.quadruped/ 5kwCdrUped; kwBdrE9pZd/ n four-footed animal 四足动物.quadruple/ 5kwCdrUpl; ? kwC5dru:pl; kwBdrupl/ adj consisting of four parts, individuals or groups 由四个部分、 四个个体或四个群体组成的: a tune in quadruple time 四拍的曲调 * a quadruple alliance 四方联盟.quadruplen, adv (number or amount) four timesas great as (sth) 四倍; 四倍的数或量: 20 is the quadruple of 5. 20是5的四倍. * We need quadruple the number of players weve got for a full orchestra. 我们要组成完整的管弦乐队需要有四倍於现有的演奏人员.quadruple/ kwC5dru:pl; kwBdrupl/ v I, Tn become multiplied or multiply (sth) by four 变成四倍; 以四乘（某数）: Their profits have quadrupled/They have quadrupled their profits in ten years. 他们的利润十年中增长至四倍他们使利润在十年中增长至四倍.quadruplet/ 5kwCdru:plet; ? kwC5dru:p-; kwBdruplIt/ (also infml 口语作 quad) n (usu pl 通常作复数) one of four children born to the same mother at one birth 四胞胎中的一个孩子.quadruplicate/ kwC5dru:plIkEt; kwBdruplIkIt/ n (idm习语) in quadruplicate in four exactly similar examples or copies 一式四份: Please submit your application form in quadruplicate. 请交申请表一式四份.quaff/ kwCf; ? kwAf; kwAf/ v Tn (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) drink (sth) by swallowing large amounts at a time, not taking small sips 大口地喝（某物）: quaffing his beer by the pint （他）论品脱地大喝啤酒.quagmire/ 5kwAgmaIE(r), also kwCg-; kwAg9maIr, kwB-/ n area of soft wet ground; bog or marsh 泥沼; 泥塘; 沼泽: (fig 比喻) The heavy rain had turned the pitch into a quagmire. 大雨滂沱, 球场变成了泥沼.quail/ kweIl; kwel/ n (pl unchanged or s 复数或不变或作 quails) (a) C small bird, similar to a partridge 鹌鹑. =illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. (b) U its meat as food （食用的）鹌鹑肉.quail/ kweIl; kwel/ v I, Ipr (at/before sb/sth) feel or show fear; flinch 感到或显露恐惧、 害怕或胆怯; 畏缩: His heart quailed. 他心惊胆战. * She quailed at the prospect of addressing such a large crowd. 她想到要在大庭广众之中讲话心里就发毛.quaint/ kweInt; kwent/ adj attractively odd or old-fashioned 离奇有趣的; 古色古香的: quaint old customs 稀奇古怪的旧风俗 * quaint little cottages on the village green 在村中草地上的古朴的小房子.quaintlyadv.quaintnessn U.quake/ kweIk; kwek/ v I 1 (of the earth) shake （指地）震动, 颤动: They felt the ground quake as the bomb exploded. 炸弹爆炸时, 他们觉得地都震动了. 2 (of persons) tremble （指人）颤抖, 哆嗦: quaking with fear/cold 因恐惧寒冷而颤抖.quaken (infml 口) = earthquake.Quaker/ 5kweIkE(r); kwekL/ n member of the Society of Friends, a religious sect that worships Christ without any formal ceremony or stated creed and is strongly opposed to violence and war 公谊会教徒, 贵格会教徒, 教友会教徒（基督教的教派, 既无任何正式仪式又无固定教义, 其信条为强烈反对暴力与战争）.qualification/ 9kwClIfI5keIFn; 9kwBlEfEkeFEn/ n 1 U qualifying or becoming qualified 赋予资格; 获得资格. 2 C (a) training, examination or experience that qualifies (qualify 1) sb for work, further training, etc 资格; 资历. (b) degree, diploma, certificate, etc awarded for this （获得的）学位, 文凭, 证书, 执照等: What sort of qualifications do you need for the job? 做这项工作需要什麽资格? * Hes got all the right qualifications but is temperamentally unsuitable. 他具备所需要的一切合格证件, 惟独性情不适合. 3 C, U statement that modifies or restricts a previous statement （对前述言语或文字的）限定条件: She gave her approval to the scheme but not without several qualifications. 她批准了这项计画,但附加了几项意见. * I can recommend him without qualification. 我可以毫无保留地推荐他.qualify/ 5kwClIfaI; kwBlE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) 1 I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t (sb) (for/as sth) have or give (sb) the qualities, training, etc that are necessary or suitable (for sth) （使）（某人）具有资格; 给（某人）某种资格; （使）合格: I wont qualify until next year. 我明年才具备资格. * Our team has qualified for the semi-final. 我队已有资格进入半决赛. * A stroll round the garden hardly qualifies as exercise! 在花园转转算不上锻炼! * The training course qualifies you to be/as a driving instructor. 参加了训练课程就有资格成为当驾驶教练. 2 I, Ipr, It, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t (sb) (for sth) have or give (sb) a legal right (to sth/to do sth) 具有或给（某人）（某种）合法权利: After three years here youll qualify for a rise. 你在这里三年就可获加薪. * Eighteen-year-olds qualify to vote. 年满十八岁者有选举权. * Residence in the area qualifies you for membership. 只要在本区居住就可入会. * Your passport qualifies you to receive free medical treatment. 你所持的护照可使你享有免费医疗. 3 Tn make (a statement, etc) less general or extreme 使（言语等）不过於笼统或极端: I feel I must qualify my earlier remarks in case they are misinterpreted. 我觉得我得把我说的话改得具体些, 以免产生误解. 4 Tn (grammar) name the qualities of (sth); describe in a particular way 限定; 修饰: In the open door, open is an adjective qualifying door. 在the open door这一词组中, open是修饰door的形容词.qualifiedadj 1 having completed the relevant training or examination 经过训练或考试的; 有资格的; 合格的; 及格的: a qualified doctor 合格的医生 * Shes extremely well qualified for the job. 她极胜任这一工作. * It takes three years to become qualified. 需时三年才具备资格. 2 limited 有限制的; 有限度的: give the scheme only qualified approval 有所保留地批准此计画.qualifier/ -faIE(r); -9faIL/ n 1 (grammar) word, esp an adjective or adverb, that qualifies another word 修饰词; （尤指）形容词, 副词. 2 person who becomes entitled to compete in the next round of a competition, etc （有资格进入下一轮竞赛等的）合格者: The final brings together four qualifiers from each heat. 有四名初赛获胜者进入决赛.qualitative/ 5kwClItEtIv; ? -teIt-; kwBlE9tetIv/ adj of or concerned with quality 性质的; 质量的; 与性质或质量有关的: qualitative analysis 定性分析 * little qualitative improvement in their work 他们的工作质量没什麽改进. Cf 参看 quantitative.qualitativelyadv.quality/ 5kwClEtI; kwBlEtI/ n 1 (a) U, C degree of goodness or worth 质量; 品质: goods of the highest quality 质量最高的货物 * This material is very poor quality. 这种材料质量很差. * There are many different qualities of gold and silver. 金银的成色有很多种. (b)U general excellence 优质; 优点: As an actor she shows real quality. 她表现出演员的真正才华. * This company is more concerned with quality than with quantity. 这家公司对质量比对产量更重视. * attrib 作定语 We specialize in quality furniture. 我们专门经营优质家具. 2 C (a) attribute; characteristic 属性; 特徵; 特性: He possesses the quality of inspiring confidence. 他有本事能让别人信任他. * She had many good qualities despite her apparent rudeness. 她粗鲁是粗鲁, 但还有许多优秀品质. (b) special or distinguishing feature 特点; 特色:One quality of this plastic is that it is almost unbreakable. 这种塑料有个特点是不易断裂. * His voice had a rich melodic quality. 他的音色浑厚而优美.qualm/ kwB:m; kwBm/ n feeling of doubt, esp about whether what one is doing is right; misgiving 怀疑（尤指对自己正做的事是否正确）; 疑虑: He had/felt no serious qualms about concealing the information from the police. 他向警方隐瞒实情而并未感到十分不妥.quandary/ 5kwCndErI; kwBndErI/ n state of not being able to decide what to do; awkward or difficult situation 困惑; 窘况: Ive been offered a better job but at a lower salary Im in a quandary about what to do. 有人要给我一份更好的工作, 但薪水较低-我很为难, 不知如何是好.quango/ 5kwANgEU; kwANo/ n (pl s) administrative organization that operates independently but with support from the government (formed from the initials of quasi-autonomous, non-governmental organization) （由政府赞助的）自治机构（此字由quasi-autonomous, non-governmental organization之首字母组成）.quantify/ 5kwCntIfaI; kwBntE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) Tn express or measure the quantity of (sth) 表示或测量（某事物）的数量: The cost of the flood damage is impossible to quantify. 这次水灾的损失是无可估量的.quantifiableadj.quantification/ 9kwCntIfI5keIFn;9kwBntEfEkeFEn/ n U.quantitative/ 5kwCntItEtIv; ? -teIt-; kwBntE9tetIv/ adj of or concerned with quantity 数量的; 关於数量的: quantitative analysis 定量分析. Cf 参看 qualitative.quantity/ 5kwCntEtI; kwBntEtI/ n 1 U that which makes it possible to measure things through having number, size, weight, etc 量; 大小; 重量: His reputation as a writer depends more on quantity than quality, ie He writes a lot but he doesnt write very well. 他获得作家的名气靠的是作品的数量而不是质量. * Mathematics is the science of pure quantity. 数学是研究纯数量的科学. 2 C, U number or amount, esp a large one 数目, 数量（尤指巨大的）: What quantity (ie How many) do you require? 你要求多大的数量? * a small quantity of cutlery 少量的刀叉餐具 * Its cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities. 大批量购货较便宜. 3 (idm 习语) an unknown quantity = unknown.quantity surveyorperson who estimates the quantity of materials needed for constructing buildings, etc and how much they will cost 估算员（估算建筑材料等用量及其成本者）.quantum/ 5kwCntEm; kwBntEm/ n (pl quanta / -tE;-tE/) (fml 文) amount that is required or desired （需要的或想要的）数量.quantum leapsudden progress; breakthrough 突飞猛进; 突破: This discovery marks a quantum leap forward in the fight against cancer. 这一发现标志著治疗癌症的 一大突破.quantum theory(physics 物) theory based on the assumption that in radiation the energy of electrons exists in units that cannot be divided 量子论.quarantine/ 5kwCrEnti:n; ? 5kwR:r-; kwRrEn9tin/ n C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词 (period of) isolation for people or animals that may carry an infectious disease, until it is known that there is no danger of the disease being passed on to others（对可能患传染病的人或动物的）隔离（期间）: kept in quarantine for a week 接受一星期的检疫隔离 * be out of quarantine after five days 五天後解除检疫隔离 * attrib 作定语 quarantine regulations, restrictions, etc 检疫隔离的规定、 限制等.quarantinev Tn put (sb/sth) into quarantine 对（某人某物）进行检疫隔离: quarantined because of rabies 因怀疑患狂犬病而被检疫隔离.quark/ kwB:k; kwBrk/ n (physics 物) any of several very small parts of which elementary particles are thought to consist 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）.quarrel/ 5kwCrEl; ? 5kwR:rEl; kwRrEl/ n 1 (with sb) (about/over sth) angry argument or disagreement 争吵; 吵架; 不和; 口角: pick (ie provoke or seize the opportunity for) a quarrel with sb 向某人寻衅（找茬儿） * I had a quarrel with my flat-mate about who should do the housework. 我与和我同住一单元的人关於谁应做家务事吵了一架. * Their quarrel wasnt serious. 他们吵架吵得不厉害. =Usage at argument 用法见argument. 2 with/against sb/sth reason for complaining about sb/sth 抱怨某人某事物的原因或理由: I have no quarrel with him. 我没有理由责怪他.quarrelv (-ll-; US -l-) 1 I, Ipr (with sb) (about/over sth) break friendly relations; argue angrily 吵嘴; 吵架; 争吵; 口角: Stop quarrelling, children! 孩子们, 别吵架了! * She quarrelled with her brother about the terms of their fathers will. 她和哥哥为父亲遗嘱条款一事争吵起来. 2 Ipr with sth disagree with sth; find fault with sth 不同意或挑剔某事物: quarrel with a statement, an account, an estimate, etc 寻找结算、 帐目、 预算等的漏洞 * You cant quarrel with the courts decision its very fair. 你不能反对法院的判决-判得很公平.quarrelsome/ -sEm; -sEm/ adj likely to start a quarrel; quick-tempered 爱争吵的; 急脾气的.quarry/ 5kwCrI; ? 5kwR:rI; kwRrI/ n (a) animal or bird that is being hunted 正在被捕猎的鸟兽: The hunters lost sight of their quarry in the forest. 猎人失去了在林中追捕的鸟兽踪影. (b) person or thing that is being looked for or pursued eagerly 被寻找或追逐的人或事物: It took the police several days to track down their quarry. 警方用了几天时间追查到案中目标.quarry/ 5kwCrI; ? 5kwR:rI; kwRrI/ n place where stone, slate, etc is extracted from the ground 采石场; 石矿. Cf 参看 mine2 1.quarryv (pt, pp quarried) 1 Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p A for B/B from A; sth out (of sth) extract (stone, etc) from (a quarry) 从（采石场）采（石等）: quarrying the hillside for granite 从山坡上采花岗石 * quarry out a b