地质中学初中英语肖弦微课说明文档.doc

地质中学初中英语肖弦微课说明文档
新目标英语九年级Unit 1

介词by的用法

观察Grammar Focus中by+V-ing 的部分
How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group.
Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.
How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups.
How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes.

注意：“介词by + 动名词”常常表示手段、方式或方法，可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。如：
--- How do you learn English?
--- I learn English by watching English movies.
How do you practice speaking English?
By having conversations with friends.等

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全面总结 by 的用法
by是介词, 表示“通过……方法或途径”的意思, 译成“靠, 通过”, 后面可加名词、名词短语或动名词。可用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。
1) The house was destroyed by fire.
房屋被火烧毁了。
2) travel by air / land / sea
航空（陆路，航海）旅行
3) go by train / boat / bus
乘火车（船，公共汽车）
4) shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手
5) I study English by watching English movies.
我通过看英文电影学英语。
另外, by作为介词的意义有很多。 例如:
1）在……旁边，靠近
There is a power station by the river.
河边有一个电厂。
2）沿着，经由
to enter by the door 由门进去
3）由于
by mistake 由于差错；错误地
4）被，由
some articles written by Lu Xun
一些由鲁迅写的文章
5）表示相（乘）除（以计算面积）
a room 5m by 4m
一个长五米宽四米的房间
6）逐一；连续
one by one 一个接一个

近义词辨析：

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