初高中衔接时态语态.doc

初中英语时态、语态总复习
主备：韩秦帅
一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况或真理。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。
1) I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2) I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。
1) The plane leaves at three sharp.
二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
1.I used to do my homework in the library. (注意与be used to doing短语的区别)
三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构：am/is/are+doing
有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感觉的词) ；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的动词) ；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在状态的动词) ；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示占有与从属的动词) ；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的动词) 。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如：
1) Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?
(look在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去”)
2) Tom is looking for his books.
(look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”)
四、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构：have/has + done
So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.
五、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
将来进行时
将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如：
1) This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2) What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构：had + done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：
1) was / were + to have done sth,例如：
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
2) intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：“一…就…”
1) hardly, scarcely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。 Hardly ______（I get）on the bus when it started to move.
2) no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。 No sooner _____(I go)out than he came to see me.
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情（打算好的）
②will/shall + do.（临时，即兴的）③ be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。④be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。(按时刻表，计划， 安排)
⑤ be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。⑥be on the point of +v-ing强调即将发生的某种事态。
否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。
Exercise:①---I thought I asked you to fix the radio. ---Oh,sorry,Mum. I ____ it right away.
A.am to do B.will do C.was about to D.am going to
八、过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构：①was/were/going to + do(本打算)；②would/should + do.(事先未经考虑)
Exercise:①翻译：我本打算去拜访我的舅舅，但最终我呆在家里了。
______________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 几种常见时态的相互转换
一、一般过去时与现在完成时
1.现在完成时与一般过去时，动作都发生在过去。但现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响。
Exercise:① I _________ （live） there since 1990.(到现在为止还住着)
②I ______（live）in the hotel in1990.(在1990年曾住过)
③I _____ in a foreign trade company for five years. Still, I don’t regret having given up the well-paid post.
A.worked B.have worked C.was working D.had worked
2. 使用完成时在时间状语从句中代替将来时。
Exercise:①You can certainly leave the classroom as soon as your homework__________.
A. has done B. has been done C.will be done D.will have been done
3.在句型This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +that sb. has(have) done
4.在时间状语by +时间点，主句用完成时。
Exercise: ①By now , we ________(learn) 3000 words.
②By the end of this month, we ________(finish) the task.
③By the time we got there, the film ________(be) on.
5. 在句型It is/ has been +一段时间+since sb. did.(短肯延否)(did为短暂性动词句子为肯定，为延续性动词句子为否定)
== 一段时间+ has passed since(短暂性动词)
Exercise: ①It is a month since he left home.=== ________________________________. 翻译：———————————
②It is 3 months since he smoked. 翻译：———————————
6.词组have been to /have gone to / have been in 的区分
Dad have ________ ____China on business 爸爸已经去中国出差了
I've ______ ____ China 我去过中国了
I have ______ _____shanghai for ten years since I was a little girl
7.非延续性动词可以用完成时，但不能和一段时间连用。
Exercise:判断题①He has left home. ______
②He has left home for a month._______
③He has left home a month ago._______
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.==Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。
如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！
Exercise:
1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know.
A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes
C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come
3. –When this kind of computer ?
--Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.
--Oh, I ready for the maths exam.
A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got
5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verb tense:
1. Mr Brown will go fishing if it (not rain) tomorrow.
2. I think he (be) back in a week.
3. –Who (knock) at the door?
--I don’t know. Let me go and see.
4. Bill is strict with himself. He never (leave) today’s work for tomorrow.
5. -- your uncle (return) the video tapes to Mr Fox?
--No. They’re still in his bedroom.
6. By the end of last term, they (work) there for ten years.
7. Mr. Wang (read) a newspaper in the office at this time yesterday.
8. Mr. Green and his wife (live) in London for a few years before they
(come) to work in China in 2001.
9. They never knew what (happen) to the world in a hundred years.
10. About 400 years ago, Galileo(伽利略) proved that the earth (go) around the sun.
四、时态一致
时态一致通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是：
1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态
He says that he lives in Wuhan.
2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态
He said he was writing a novel.
3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如：
The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.
注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。
4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况
利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。例如：
We insisted that we do it ourselves
Part B Voices语态
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
例如：Many people speak Chinese. === Chinese ______________ .
特殊情况
Exercise:1. He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. ==The boy ________work by him for two hours yesterday.
2. Mother never lets me watch TV. ===I ___________watch TV by mother.
3. Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
（1）A Christmas present__________ Peter by Jack just now.
（2）Peter ________a Christmas present by Jack just now.
单项选择
1. Don’t make so much noise. We _______ to the music. A. listened        B. listen        C. are listening     D. have listened
2. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _______ it for two weeks A. keep       B. borrowed      C. have kept    D. have lent
3. –When will you tell him the good news?     --I will tell him about it as soon as he _______ back.
A. comes          B. came         C. will come        D. is coming
4. –Dad, please open the door, it _______.     –OK, dear. I’m coming. A. locks     B. locked    C. is locked    D. was locked
5. –Did you go to Jim’s birthday party?      --No, I _______.
A. am not invited   B. wasn’t invited   C. haven’t invited  D. didn’t invite
6. A talk on Chinese history ___ in the school hall next week.A. be given   B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
7. You may go fishing if your work _______.A. is done       B. will be done     C. has done        D. have done
8. –What do you think of the football match yesterday?--Well. It’s surprising. The strongest team of our school _______.
A. was beaten     B. won          C. scored          D. was failed
9. –Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday?--If I don’t go, _______.
A. so does he      B. so he will        C. neither will he   D. neither does he
10. The trees must _______ three times a week. A. water          B. is watering      C. be watered      D. waters
11. –Did you see Tom at the party?        -- No, he ____ by the time I got there. A. left  B. was leaving C. had left   D. has left
12. –Why not go to see the dolphin show with me?     --Because I ______ it.A. saw     B. will see C. see D. have seen
13. –Do you like watching cooking programs on TV?  
--No, I don’t, but my twin brother _______. He’s very fond of cooking.
 A. does           B. do       C. is              D. are
14. Catherin ____ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing
15. The old man is quite weak after the accident, so he _______.
A. must take care of             B. must be take care of C. must look after              D. must be looked after
16. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _______ for me? A. pick it up       B. pick up it     C. pick up them    D. pick them up
17. He _______ living in the country to the city. A. likes           B. prefers        C. enjoys          D. loves
18. How long have you _______ the book? A. bought         B. lent          C. had            D. borrowed
19. –Do you know him well ?   --Sure. We _____ friend since ten years ago.A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
20. _______ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _______ me?A. Listen to; hear   B. Hear; listen to   C. Hear; hear    D. Listen to; hear from
21. –These farmers have been to the United States.    –Really? When _____ there?
A. will they go      B. did they go    C. do they go  D. have they gone
22. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money. I _______ my handbag at home. A. have missed     B. have left       C. have put        D. have forgotten
23. –Where is Miss Gao. Lily?       --She _______ to the teachers’.A. has been        B. has gone       C. went           D. would go
24. When her father came back home, Joan _______ with her friend.A. talked          B. talks            C. is talking        D. was talking
25. –What’s that thing with three legs?  --It’s a cup. It ______ for drinking in the old days.A. uses            B. used          C. is used          D. was used
26. His uncle _______ in three days. A. returns         B. has returned  C. returned        D. will return
27. –Hi, Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party. --Oh, I _______ ready for the maths exam.A. am getting       B. was getting      C. got             D. have got
28. –Excuse me. What did you say you would like to do, Miss White?
-I said I’d better go back to the office. I _______ something this afternoon.
A. would meet      B. meet           C. am going to meet  D. was meeting
29. What _______ the forest in our country in the last ten years.
A. has happened do B. is happened to    C. has happened at  D. is happening
30. –What did Mr Jones do before he moved here? --He _______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.
A. is driving   B. drove    C. has driven        D. drives
31. –When _______ you _______ your homework? --I had finished it before he _______ back.
A. have; finished; came    B. have; finished; was coming C. did; finish; came         D. did; finish; was coming
32. Look! The boys _______ happily in the river.A. swim           B. swam           C. will swim        D. are swimming
33. Every spring, many trees _______ along the river. A. were planted    B. is planted        C. will be planted    D. are planted
34. The letter _______ in French. I can’t read it. A. is writing     B. is written   C. wrote            D. writes
35. If Mary _______ next Sunday, we will go boating together. A. will come  B. comes     C. shall come        D. should come
36. We expected that the English teacher _______ some advice on how to write an English letter.
A. will give   B. gave   C. is going to give     D. would give
37. Five years ago nobody knew him, although he _______ more than 100 songs.
A. already wrote              B. have already written C. had already written        D. was already writing
38. So far I _______ any success. However, I’ll keep trying.
A. don’t have      B. didn’t have      C. haven’t had     D. won’t have
39. It was the third time that I _______ in at his office.A. have dropped   B. had dropped     C. dropped        D. was dropping
40. I often see Tom _______ homework while I am watching TV every evening.A. do   B. doing         C. did            D. to do
41. The flowers want _______. Look, the soil is so dry. A. watering B. being watered     C. to water       D. waters
42. –Be careful! You might fall into the water.--Thank you. I ______ I _______ so close to the pool.
 A. didn’t know; am standing  B. don’t know; am standing C. didn’t know; was standing    D. didn’t know; would stand
43. –Excuse me. Where is the sick boy sent here a moment ago?  --He ______ by the doctor.
A. has been examined            B. will be examined C. is examined                 D. is being examined
44.—Have you got the airplane tickets?--No. when I _______ to the office, all the tickets to Beijing ______ out.
A. get; have been sold         B. got; had been sold C. got; had sold              D. got; were being sold
45. –Your name again? I _______ quite catch it.     –Bartholomew Liveli.
 A. didn’t   B. don’t      C. couldn’t        D. can’t
46. –Whom are you waiting for?       --Gary’s parents. But neither of them _______ yet.
A. arrived  B. has arrived      C. are arriving    D