初高中衔接时态语态.doc

初中英语时态、语态总复习 主备：韩秦帅一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况或真理。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。1) I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2) I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. 某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。1) The plane leaves at three sharp. 二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词1.I used to do my homework in the library. (注意与be used to doing短语的区别) 三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感觉的词) ；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的动词) ；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在状态的动词) ；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示占有与从属的动词) ；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的动词) 。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如：1) Tom looks pale. Whats wrong with him?(look在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去”) 2) Tom is looking for his books. (look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”) 四、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + doneSo far, she hasnt enjoyed the summer vacation.五、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 将来进行时将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如：1) This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2) What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本结构：had + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：1) was / were + to have done sth,例如：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldnt. 2) intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：“一就”1) hardly, scarcely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。 Hardly _（I get）on the bus when it started to move. 2) no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。 No sooner _(I go)out than he came to see me.七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情（打算好的）will/shall + do.（临时，即兴的） be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。(按时刻表，计划， 安排) be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。be on the point of +v-ing强调即将发生的某种事态。否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。Exercise:-I thought I asked you to fix the radio. -Oh,sorry,Mum. I _ it right away.A.am to do B.will do C.was about to D.am going to 八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本结构：was/were/going to + do(本打算)；would/should + do.(事先未经考虑)Exercise:翻译：我本打算去拜访我的舅舅，但最终我呆在家里了。_. 几种常见时态的相互转换一、一般过去时与现在完成时1.现在完成时与一般过去时，动作都发生在过去。但现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响。Exercise: I _ （live） there since 1990.(到现在为止还住着)I _（live）in the hotel in1990.(在1990年曾住过)I _ in a foreign trade company for five years. Still, I dont regret having given up the well-paid post.A.worked B.have worked C.was working D.had worked2. 使用完成时在时间状语从句中代替将来时。Exercise:You can certainly leave the classroom as soon as your homework_.A. has done B. has been done C.will be done D.will have been done3.在句型This (That, It) is (was) the first (second) time +that sb. has(have) done 4.在时间状语by +时间点，主句用完成时。Exercise: By now , we _(learn) 3000 words. By the end of this month, we _(finish) the task. By the time we got there, the film _(be) on.5. 在句型It is/ has been +一段时间+since sb. did.(短肯延否)(did为短暂性动词句子为肯定，为延续性动词句子为否定)= 一段时间+ has passed since(短暂性动词)Exercise: It is a month since he left home.= _. 翻译：It is 3 months since he smoked. 翻译：6.词组have been to /have gone to / have been in 的区分Dad have _ _China on business 爸爸已经去中国出差了 Ive _ _ China 我去过中国了 I have _ _shanghai for ten years since I was a little girl7.非延续性动词可以用完成时，但不能和一段时间连用。Exercise:判断题He has left home. _ He has left home for a month._He has left home a month ago._二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.=Peter is working, but Mike is playing.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！ Exercise:1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come3. When this kind of computer ? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used4. Hi! Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I ready for the maths exam. A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will beA) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verb tense:1. Mr Brown will go fishing if it (not rain) tomorrow.2. I think he (be) back in a week. 3. Who (knock) at the door? -I dont know. Let me go and see. 4. Bill is strict with himself. He never (leave) todays work for tomorrow. 5. - your uncle (return) the video tapes to Mr Fox? -No. Theyre still in his bedroom. 6. By the end of last term, they (work) there for ten years. 7. Mr. Wang (read) a newspaper in the office at this time yesterday. 8. Mr. Green and his wife (live) in London for a few years before they (come) to work in China in 2001. 9. They never knew what (happen) to the world in a hundred years. 10. About 400 years ago, Galileo(伽利略) proved that the earth (go) around the sun. 四、时态一致时态一致通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是：1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态He says that he lives in Wuhan. 2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态He said he was writing a novel. 3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。例如：We insisted that we do it ourselvesPart B Voices语态英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：Many people speak Chinese. = Chinese _ .特殊情况Exercise:1. He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. =The boy _work by him for two hours yesterday. 2. Mother never lets me watch TV. =I _watch TV by mother. 3. Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. （1）A Christmas present_ Peter by Jack just now. （2）Peter _a Christmas present by Jack just now. 单项选择1. Dont make so much noise. We _ to the music. A. listenedB. listenC. are listening D. have listened2. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _ it for two weeks A. keep B. borrowedC. have keptD. have lent3. When will you tell him the good news? -I will tell him about it as soon as he _ back. A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming4. Dad, please open the door, it _. OK, dear. Im coming. A. locksB. lockedC. is lockedD. was locked5. Did you go to Jims birthday party? -No, I _.A. am not invited B. wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite6. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. be givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. will give7. You may go fishing if your work _.A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done8. What do you think of the football match yesterday?-Well. Its surprising. The strongest team of our school _.A. was beaten B. won C. scored D. was failed 9. Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday?-If I dont go, _.A. so does he B. so he will C. neither will he D. neither does he10. The trees must _ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters11. Did you see Tom at the party? - No, he _ by the time I got there. A. leftB. was leavingC. had leftD. has left12. Why not go to see the dolphin show with me? -Because I _ it.A. sawB. will seeC. seeD. have seen13. Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? -No, I dont, but my twin brother _. Hes very fond of cooking.A. does B. do C. is D. are14. Catherin _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has writtenB. was writtenC. had writtenD. is writing15. The old man is quite weak after the accident, so he _.A. must take care of B. must be take care of C. must look after D. must be looked after16. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _ for me? A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up17. He _ living in the country to the city. A. likes B. prefers C. enjoys D. loves18. How long have you _ the book? A. bought B. lent C. had D. borrowed19. Do you know him well ? -Sure. We _ friend since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have become D. have made20. _ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _ me?A. Listen to; hear B. Hear; listen to C. Hear; hear D. Listen to; hear from21. These farmers have been to the United States. Really? When _ there? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone22. Im sorry I havent got any money. I _ my handbag at home. A. have missed B. have left C. have put D. have forgotten23. Where is Miss Gao. Lily? -She _ to the teachers.A. has been B. has gone C. went D. would go24. When her father came back home, Joan _ with her friend.A. talked B. talks C. is talking D. was talking25. Whats that thing with three legs? -Its a cup. It _ for drinking in the old days.A. uses B. used C. is used D. was used26. His uncle _ in three days.A. returns B. has returned C. returned D. will return27. Hi, Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I _ ready for the maths exam.A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got28. Excuse me. What did you say you would like to do, Miss White?-I said Id better go back to the office. I _ something this afternoon.A. would meet B. meet C. am going to meet D. was meeting29. What _ the forest in our country in the last ten years.A. has happened do B. is happened to C. has happened at D. is happening30. What did Mr Jones do before he moved here? -He _ a city bus for over twenty-five years.A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives31. When _ you _ your homework? -I had finished it before he _ back.A. have; finished; came B. have; finished; was coming C. did; finish; came D. did; finish; was coming32. Look! The boys _ happily in the river.A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. are swimming33. Every spring, many trees _ along the river. A. were planted B. is planted C. will be planted D. are planted34. The letter _ in French. I cant read it. A. is writing B. is written C. wrote D. writes35. If Mary _ next Sunday, we will go boating together.A. will come B. comes C. shall come D. should come36. We expected that the English teacher _ some advice on how to write an English letter.A. will give B. gave C. is going to give D. would give37. Five years ago nobody knew him, although he _ more than 100 songs.A. already wrote B. have already written C. had already written D. was already writing38. So far I _ any success. However, Ill keep trying.A. dont have B. didnt have C. havent had D. wont have39. It was the third time that I _ in at his office.A. have dropped B. had dropped C. dropped D. was dropping40. I often see Tom _ homework while I am watching TV every evening.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do41. The flowers want _. Look, the soil is so dry. A. watering B. being watered C. to water D. waters42. Be careful! You might fall into the water.-Thank you. I _ I _ so close to the pool. A. didnt know; am standing B. dont know; am standing C. didnt know; was standingD. didnt know; would stand43. Excuse me. Where is the sick boy sent here a moment ago? -He _ by the doctor.A. has been examined B. will be examined C. is examined D. is being examined 44.Have you got the airplane tickets?-No. when I _ to the office, all the tickets to Beijing _ out.A. get; have been sold B. got; had been sold C. got; had sold D. got; were being sold45. Your name again? I _ quite catch it. Bartholomew Liveli.A. didnt B. dont C. couldnt D. cant46. Whom are you waiting for? -Garys parents. But neither of them _ yet. A. arrived B. has arrived C. are arriving D