英语叙事技法点滴.pdf

叙事技法点滴 叙事技法点滴 1.平铺直叙平铺直叙 一场交通事故 一场交通事故 【内容提示】【内容提示】根据下面的素材写一篇短文，记叙一场交通事故的前前后后：一天晚上，Lee 先生开车带着他的妻子下班回家。他的妻子是一家医院的护士。快到午夜了，她十分困乏，很快就睡着了。Lee 先生看看她，笑了。Lee 先生驾车很有经验，也很谨慎。开车走了一会儿，他注意到有一辆车在他后边，车开得很快，超过他的车。驾驶那辆车的人很慌张，没有看见迎头开过来的卡车。为了避免撞车，他突然让自己的车转弯，车滑向路的一侧撞到一棵大树上。司机和乘客都受伤了。Lee 先生急忙把车停在路旁，他的妻子也从车里出来帮助受伤的人。卡车司机也停下来帮忙。Lee 先生驱车去给警察打电话。大约 20 分钟后，一辆警察车和一辆救护车到了。人们把伤员抬到救护车上送往医院。警察记录事故的详细情况，Lee 先生和卡车司机把他们知道的情况都告诉了警察。警察感谢他们的帮助。Lee 先生和妻子乘上自己的车继续赶路回家。【作文示范】【作文示范】A Traffic Accident A Traffic Accident 光心因 光心因 One night Mr Lee was driving his wife home from work.She was a nurse in a hospital.It was almost midnight and she was quite tired out.She soon fell asleep.Mr Lee looked at her and smiled.Mr Lee was a careful and experienced driver.He knew it was safer to drive slowly on a dark night.After some time he noticed a car following him.It was travelling very fast.Suddenly it overtook his car.The driver of the car was in a hurry.He did not see the approaching lorry.To avoid hitting it,he suddenly tuned his car.It skidded off the road and hit a big tree.The driver and his passenger were injured.They were badly cut by glass from the broken windscreen.Mr Lee quickly stopped his car by the side of the road.His wife got out of the car to help the injured.The lorry driver also stopped to help.Mr Lee drove off to telephone the police.About twenty-five minutes later,a police car and an ambulance arrived.The injured were carried into the ambulance and taken to hospital.The policemen took down details of the accident.Mr Lee and the lorry driver told them all they could remember.The policemen thanked them for their help.Mr and Mrs Lee got into their car and continued their journey home.【词语解释】【词语解释】overtake?+uv+teik v.追上；赶上；超过 skidskid v.（汽车等）打滑；滑向一侧 injureindN+v.损害；伤害 the injured（事故中的）受伤者 windscreenwindskri:n n.（汽车等的）挡风玻璃 ambulance$mbjul+ns n.救护车 【写法指要】【写法指要】这篇文章按时间顺序平铺直叙地写出了事故发生的前前后后，表达了故事中的人们不顾疲倦抢救伤员的互助友爱精神。文章除了开头交待的时间外，后面只用了“After some time”和 About twenty-five minutes later”两处表达时间顺序的词语，其他地方则是由动作发生的先后来表达时间顺序的，但读后让人感到文章将事件的前因后果表达得清清楚楚，没有一点含糊。注意学习其中表达紧张场面的副词，如 suddenly,quickly 等。2.夹叙夹议夹叙夹议 2 田间劳动 田间劳动 【内容提示】【内容提示】假定你是上海某中学高二年级学生。你们前些日子参加了一次社会实践活动到农村去劳动。请根据下面提供的内容，写一篇夹叙夹议的文章：田间劳动与教室学习全然不同。头一天大失所望。不是耕地，而是拔草，共拔了 3 天草。第四天，让你们班的男生去罱河泥，往田里运。还有的同学往塑料杯里装土，也有的从一处往另一处扛铁管。空余时间你们走访农民家庭，看到他们生活水平提高了，你们非常高兴。你们在农村劳动两周，学到了好多东西。【作文示范】【作文示范】Students Working in the Fields Students Working in the Fields 京刚 京刚 Working in the fields is new to the students.It is entirely different from classroom studies.With great curiosity and excitement,we students of Senior Two began our learning-from-peasants activities in Jianxing village,Jiang Wan Township,not far from Shanghai.To our disappointment,the first days work was not to till the land;rather we were asked to pull up weeds in the fields.Weeding seems to be as easy as turning over ones hand,but not at all.The weeds clustered together and there were so many of them,that we could hardly see the crops.Some weeds were so deeply rooted they wouldnt be pulled up even by two people.Weeding went on for three days.We all had aching back and legs,yet we were happy to see the fruits of our work.On the fourth day,the boys in our class were required to scoop up the mud from a riverbed and carry it into the fields.The mud is quite fertile and is used for planting tomatoes.We used handcarts to carry the sludge.It was hard for one boy to push the cart along the muddy path.We exerted all our strength to move the carts forward.3Besides carrying sludge and pulling up weeds,other students filled small plastic cups with soil,while still others carried iron pipes from one place to another.During our spare time,we paid visits to peasant houses.We were happy to see that the living standard of the peasants is rising rapidly.Families have colour TVs,washing-machines,and refrigerators.We were shocked to learn that an ordinary peasant can earn 5,000 yuan a year-ten times more than in 1977.Five thousand yuan a year!How much it is!However,Im sorry to say that the level of literacy is still very low.We came back to school last week.Though we only worked for two weeks,we learned a lot.It is an experience I shall remember all my life.（选自 1987 年 12 月 22 日上海学生英文报）【词语解释】【词语解释】curiosity?kju+ri&siti n.好奇（心）tilltilv.耕种，耕作；耕（地）weedwi:d n.杂草；野草 clusterkl)st+v.丛生；群集 scoopsku:p v.用勺（或铲）取出；罱（泥）exert igz+:t v.尽（力）；发挥（威力）literacy lit+r+si n.识字；有文化 【写法指要】【写法指要】本文写了作者及其班集体开展到农村向农民学习活动的情况。全文分两大部分：第一部分按时间顺序分为前三天和第四天以后他们在田间劳动的情况；第二部分写他们劳动之余走访农家的情况。总的来看，这是一篇粗线条记叙文。但是，作者每叙述到重要的地方总要发表自己的议论，如文章开头两句，第二段第二句和第五句，第五段从第二句开始的每一句都是作者的议论。所以，我们说这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。3.以小见大以小见大 我做对了吗？我做对了吗？【内容提示】【内容提示】4一天，你和同学在买东西的时候碰见了你们的美国老师 Mrs Brandenburg。她让你们帮她买一些水果。你们路过一个水果摊时，女摊主一边指着她的苹果一边用英语喊“这苹果很好”。可能是受了这位女孩纯正英语的影响，Mrs Brandenburg 要买这里的苹果。问价钱时这位女孩说是 6 角 8 分一斤，但当这位女孩称苹果时在电子秤上显示的却是 8 角 6 分一斤。你受着良心的驱使和这位女孩理论起来，女孩嫌你站在外国人一边，说了一些侮辱你的话。你们离开水果摊后，外教知道了事情的真象，很感谢你，并说她由于不懂汉语，经常让人索高价。当晚，你问自己，为了帮外国人而使这个女孩丢了脸，不知道这件事做得是否对。【作文示范】【作文示范】Did I Do the Right Thing?Did I Do the Right Thing?洪彬 洪彬 The other day I was shopping with a classmate mine when we ran into our American teacher.Mrs Brandenburg asked if we might help her buy some fruits.We agreed.As we passed a fruit stand,the girl owner suddenly shouted aloud in English,“They are very good.”Probably impressed by her pure English,Mrs Brandenburg decided to buy the apples which cost six jiao and eight fen a jin.She chose some and put them onto to electronic weight.To my great surprise,the weight unexpectedly showed the unit price as eight jiao and six fen a jin.I debated with myself.Was I to be on Mrs Brandenburgs side to point this out,or should I be on the side of the girl and remain silent?Several seconds passed when conscience forced me to ask the girl to reweight the apples according to its actual price.The girl looked unhappy.“Are you a Chinese?”she asked me angrily.“She is not your mother,is she?”“I am a Chinese,”I replied,“and she is not your enemy,either,is she?”After we left the girl,Mrs Brandenburg thanked us again and again,fully understanding what had happened.Then,with a little displeasure,she told us she had always been overcharged just because she didnt know Chinese.5That night I couldnt go to sleep.It is true that foreign teachers in China earn much more than ordinary Chinese,but should they therefore be overcharged?But on the other hand was it right for me to disgrace a Chinese in front of a foreigner?If you had been in my position,my dear friend,what would you have done?（选自 1987 年 2 月 3 日上海学生英文报）【词语解释】【词语解释】electronic ilektr&nik weight 电子秤 debate dibeit v.争论；辩论；讨论 conscience k&nM+ns n.良心 reweightri:weitv.再称；重新称 displeasure displeN+n.不愉快；不满 overcharge+uv+tMa:dN v.要价太高 disgrace disgreis v.使丢脸 【写法指要】【写法指要】本文作者记述了自己经历的一件小事。叙述中有议论，议论中有叙述。记叙时参和着对话，叙述真实生动；议论时结合着实际，论说颇为有力。这样，记叙和议论有机地结合在一起，有利于文脉的贯通和题旨的阐发。虽然作者在文章中流露的是不知所措的思想，但是从作者的所为我们不难看出他是维护社会道德的卫士，从小事中我们可以看到有关国格人格的大事。4.巧设悬念巧设悬念 春节纪事 春节纪事 【内容提示】【内容提示】假定你是一个青年人，名叫 Laura Moss，你的中国朋友请你到中国来过春节。春节前 6 天，当地有一个儿童篝火节，你和你的朋友要去参加。请你用倒叙法制造出一些悬念来，叙述你们参加篝火节的经过。【作文示范】【作文示范】6 Life in Spring Festival Life in Spring Festival Laura Moss Laura Moss It was the Eve of the Spring Festival.Dusk was just falling as I slurped up the last bit of rice and laid down my chopsticks.“Theyre starting!”cried my friend excitedly.“Quick!Quick!”Outside,children were running everywhere.Their happy voices and faces made me warm inside,despite the cold wind that greeted me.My friend thrust a bundle of straw in my hands.“Come!”he cried.I giggled as I ran to catch up to him;the childrens excitement was a fever that spread to even the big kids like us.I soon joined a rowdy bunch of children and teenagers who were building a bonfire in the middle of a path that ran through the wheat fields.“Here,”said my friend,handing me a long bamboo pole.“Put some of your straw in the fire.Then tie the rest onto your pole like this.”He demonstrated with his own materials,and I followed his example.Then he thrust both our torches into the fire and handed me mine.“Now run!”And run I did-we all did.For miles and miles around,as far as I could see,there were small orange specks scattered about,and I could hear the distant screaming and laughing of other children running up and down the rice field path.For several hours into the night I helped build fires and keep an eye on the younger children.Occasionally I,too,lit a torch and ran around like a mad man,screaming and waving a flaming bamboo pole.This festival,which occurred six days before Chinese New Year,was just one of the experiences during the visit to my friends over the Spring Festival.As it was explained to me,the purpose behind this festival was to allow the children to have fun burning up all the straw leftover after the harvest.Later,the ash is used for fertilizer.（选自 1988 年 7 月 12 日上海学生英文报）【词语解释】【词语解释】7slurpsl+:pv.咂咂地吃 rowdy bunchraudi b)ntM 爱吵闹的一伙 bonfire b&n?fai+n.大篝火；营火 flaming fleimiR a.燃烧的；火红的 leftover left?+uv+n.剩余物 【写法指要】【写法指要】本文作者采用倒叙的方法，描写了春节前参加小孩子们组织的篝火节的场面。但是，作者在整篇文章里都没有明说这是一个什么节日，而是让读者从全文反映出来的意义自己去概括，给该节日命名。因此，我们说该作者巧用了英语中所讲的反映意义（reflectional meaning）来设置悬念。文章中悬念的另一种表现方法是没有直接叙述作者与朋友去参加活动，而是写“我”刚放下筷子朋友就催促我说“Theyre starting!”。这样便会引起读者看完全文的兴趣。记事类型范例 1难忘的事1难忘的事 我第一次用英语作值日报告我第一次用英语作值日报告【内容提示】【内容提示】一年前，你是高一年级学生。有一天，英语老师让你们从那天开始轮流用英语作值日报告。你们都怕讲不好，老师鼓励说这是你们练习说英语的好机会，不用害怕。轮你作报告的一天到来了，你有些紧张。开始，把该说的话都忘了，不敢看同学。后来，你突然发现自己说错了什么，又把下句给忘了。但是，同学们似乎没有发现你的错误，仍旧注意听你讲。老师平静地看着你。你从老师慈祥的脸上得到了鼓励。你沉默了几秒钟后接着往下讲，心跳得更厉害了，脸也红了。你讲的笑话并不长，但你却觉得用了好长时间才讲完。你没听见老师怎么评价，只听见有些男女同学窃窃私语：“她说了些什么呀？”这是你永远难忘的一次值日报告。【作文示范】【作文示范】My First English Duty ReportMy First English Duty Report 郭芸芬郭芸芬 I still remember the day when I did my first English duty report a year ago.I was then a student of Senior I.One day,the English teacher 8told us that from then on we would make a duty report in English.Someone made faces and many cried out,“Oh!What an idea!”“Why,you are so afraid of it!”the teacher was surprised.“Our English is so poor!”some of us shouted.We are afraid we cant do it well.“That is a good chance to practise your spoken English.Dont worry about it.Have a try,”the teacher said encouragingly.We became silent at once.The day came when it was my turn to make a duty report.The girl who sat beside me kidded me,“Are you afraid?Oh,you look a little nervous.”I nudged at her,then slowly got up from my seat and went to the front of the classroom.As a shy girl,not accustomed to speak in public,I felt my heart beat fast.Now I was standing on the platform.I took a look at my classmates and then plucked up my courage to speak up.The teacher stood beside me,smiling.I wanted to tell an English joke but I was so nervous that I forgot to begin with“Its my turn to give you a duty report.”I didnt dare to look straight at my classmates,but kept looking at the wall or the ceiling.I felt that they were staring at me.Suddenly I found I had made some mistakes,which made me forget what the next sentence should be.But the classmates were still listening to me attentively.They seemed not to have noticed the mistakes.They were all waiting for me to go on with my report.The teacher looked at me calmly.From his kind face I could see that he was encouraging me to go on.Having stood in silence for a few seconds,I found the next sentence.I continued.My heart was beating faster now and my face turning red.The joke was not long,but it took me quite some time before I could finish it.As soon as I finished speaking,I ran to my seat and dropped my head on the desk.I could not hear what the teacher said.But I clearly heard some boys and girls whispering,“What did she say?”That was my first duty report.When I recall it,I cant help laughing.I will never forget it.（选自 1988 年 5 月 31 日上海学生英文报）【词语解释】【词语解释】kid kid v嘲笑；戏弄 9nudge n)DN v用肘轻推 pluck pl)k up 鼓起；振作（精神）attentively+tentivli ad注意地；聚精会神地 【写法指要】【写法指要】本文作者用平铺直叙的手法写了自己一次难忘的经历。文章从自己的表现、同学的反应、老师的神情，把事情的经过写得具体生动、活灵活现。具体生动的例子有“Someone made faces and many cried out,Oh!What an idea!”,“The girl who sat beside me kidded me,Are you afraid?Oh,you look a little nervous.”,“The teacher stood beside me,smiling.”等等。2盼望的事2盼望的事 在军训的日子里 在军训的日子里 【内容提示】【内容提示】军训是同学们企盼已久的事，这一天终于到来了。你们在烈日下每天训练 6个小时，脸晒黑了，汗流浃背，但你们感到非常快乐。训练时，排长对你们要求很严。过后对你们非常友好。经过训练你们学到了许多东西。【作文示范】【作文示范】During the Days of Military Training During the Days of Military Training 于青 于青 The day we were looking forward to came at last-a weeks military training began.During the training,each of us did his(her)part in earnest.We drilled more than six hours a day,though it was very hot at the time.In the blazing sun,we always tried to measure up to the high standards which were demanded.Sweat streamed down and we wouldnt wipe it off.Olny three days later our faces were tanned.We felt happy and proud of it.Our platoon officer was a young PLA man,about twenty years old.He was very strict with us during the training and very kind to us afterwards.10By talking with him,we came to know not only more information about army life,but also about military affairs.The military training gave us good discipline.It brought us great happiness,too.Well never forget it.（选自 1987 年 11 月 10 日上海学生英文报）【词语解释】【词语解释】blazing bleiziR a强烈的；闪耀的 tant4$n v把晒黑 platoonpl+tu:n n（军队的）排 【写法指要】【写法指要】文章开门见山地说，军训开始了，这是他们盼望已久的事。接下来总的讲军训的时间和天气条件。然后，作者从两个方面展开：一是以苦为乐，二是干群关系。这些都是中国人民解放军最优秀的传统。最后，作者说他们通过军训学到许多东西，军训给予他们严明的纪律，也使他们感到幸福，永远难忘。全文写得条理清晰，情深意切。3惊人的事3惊人的事 难以忘怀的经历 难以忘怀的经历 【内容提示】【内容提示】人人都知道，地震是一件惊天动地，令人恐惧的事。假如你经历过一场地震而又获救、幸免于难，你会有一种什么感觉呢？你肯定会有很多话要倾诉，你肯定一生也不会忘记这样的经历。如果你经历过这样的事当然有东西可写，即使你没有经历过也可以设想这样的情景来写一篇短文。【作文示范】【作文示范】An Unforgettable Experience An Unforgettable Experience 吴翠萍 吴翠萍 When I was a little girl,in the summer vacation in 1976,I went to my mothers hometown,Tangshan.After I got there,at first I stayed at my uncles home.I was very happy in my uncles home because my uncle had a daughter who is older than 11I.She often took me to visit some places.We spent ten days happily.I remember just on the tenth day there was a big earthquake.It happened about three oclock in the morning when I was dreaming.I woke up to find myself under a heap of rocks.I couldnt move.I didnt,in fact,know anything about what was happening until my uncle saved me from the rubble.During the earthquake most of the houses fell down.We set up many tents to live in and received a lot of food from every city in our country.They helped us to tide over those hard days.I think if we hadnt lived in New China we couldnt have survived the big earthquake.I am very lucky and so are my uncles family.（选自 1987 年 4 月 21 日上海学生英文报）【词语解释】【词语解释】rubbler)bl n碎石；碎砖，破瓦 tidetaid over 克服；渡过 【写法指要】【写法指要】能够在唐山那样的大地震中幸存下来，确实是一件幸运的事，令人终生难忘。作者分三个层次写作此文：1）作者去唐山舅父家度暑假，前十天非常高兴；2）第十天晚地震，舅父从瓦砾中把作者救出；3）舅父一家和作者都幸免于难，祖国各地救援；表达对祖国的热爱。4愉快的事4愉快的事 愉快的一天 愉快的一天 【内容提示】【内容提示】冬天里，一场大雪过后，大地积雪皑皑。这时，假如有人问你最愿意干的事是什么，你的回答十有八九是“打雪仗”。正好，有一个星期五的下午，下课以后你们老师走进教室建议第二天早晨你们上山玩打雪仗游戏，同学们齐声响应。请你把你们玩打雪仗的情况写成一篇文章。【作文示范】【作文示范】A Happy Day A Happy Day 周宁宇 周宁宇 Winter came and the first snow began to fall.It was early Saturday morning.When I got up and looked out of the window,I saw trees,roofs 12and the ground all covered with snow.The world se