阅读理解事实细节导学案.doc

A good preparation makes success. —“备多分”
阅读理解解题之事实细节题

曲塘中学 汪建华

Focus:
Do you have any trouble in dealing with problems concerning detailed information while reading? Why?

Our thoughts:（我们的心声）
Nowadays, it is more and more difficult for us students to deal with problems concerning detailed information.
As far as I’m concerned, there are several reasons accounting for this phenomenon. Firstly, the answer may lie in several paragraphs. Secondly, the expression of questions may not agree with the original information in the given passage. In addition, sometimes, only by taking a variety of information into consideration can we get a final choice. Above all, the number of this type of comprehension is about 8, taking up nearly about half of reading comprehension. Therefore, we can never lay too much emphasis on comprehension of detailed information. There is no denying that only in this way can we improve our reading comprehension.
●●(Copy and recite) (书面表达可借鉴)

① Critical thinking is an important skill that can increase students’ ability to learn in any situation. This can be applied to traditional education to traditional education, or directly in a career related role. Many teachers find it such a valuable skill that they give their students a critical thinking question every day. Developing this ability can mean the difference between “just passing a course” and “understanding the material well enough” so that what students learn from it will follow them throughout their life.
★ Critical thinking can best be described as .
A. a system to improve people’s memory
B. a method to expand people’s knowledge
C. a way to increase people’s ability to understand
D. a process to make people more critical of others

② The future of hitchhiking most likely lies with car-sharing organized over the Internet, via sites such as hitchhikers. org. But for now, you can still stick your thumb out (actually, I didn’t do much of that, preferring just to hold up my destination sign) and people-wonderful, caring, sharing, unafraid people-will stop.
★According to the author, future hitchhikers are more likely to .
A. visit websites and find people to share cars with
B. stand by roads with their thumbs sticking out
C. stick out signs with their destinations written on
D. wait for some kind people to pick them up

③ So I guess our life’s mistakes are not like our pencil scrawls that can be effectively corrected with an eraser, or errors on our computer works that can be undone with an undo button. But there are effective and reliable tools we can use—APOLOGY and FORGIVENESS. Simply click the APOLOGY button when you have committed a mistake that has hurt a loved one and the words “I’m Sorry” will flash on the other person’s screen. But, you have to be truly sorry and you must be prepared not to commit the same mistake again for your APOLOGY to work. Sincerity is definitely a necessary part.
★ The APOLOGY button should be clicked when ________.
A. one wants to make the computer work perfectly
B. one’s mistakes won’t influence others any more
C. one is actually saying “I’m sorry”
D. one won’t make the same mistake again

题目特点/提问方式：
Critical thinking can best be described as .
According to the author, future hitchhikers are more likely to .
The APOLOGY button should be clicked when ________.
According to the passage, who/ what/which/ when/ where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ how soon/ how often, etc. ?
做题技巧：
1、用题干或选项中的关键词（实体名词、专有名词、数词等）在文中搜索(寻读)找到题眼，迅速锁定范围（相关词句或信息点），这是解题的依据所在。
2、对锁定的内容研读，对照选项，与之最接近的选项即是答案。

④ It is important for a student to understand more than definition. One way to truly understand an idea is to have hands-on practice, and to apply concepts learned in a textbook. Such “mini-examples” will interest a student and improve their understanding of a topic. This is how life-long skills can be developed.
★ The author thinks “mini-examples” are useful because they ________.
A. assist students to better remember definitions
B. give students hands-on practice
C. help to keep students interested
D. help students develop concepts

⑤ We all remember seeing hitchhikers, standing by the side of the road, thumb, sticking out, waiting for a lift. But it is getting rare nowadays. What killed hitchhiking? Safety is often mentioned as a reason. Movies about murderous hitchhikers and real-life crime have put many drivers off picking up hitchhikers. That no single women picked me up on my journey to Manchester no doubt reflects the safety fear: a large, strangely dressed man is seen as dangerous.
★ The author tried to hitchhike but was rejected by single women drivers because .
A. they were not heading towards Manchester
B. they thought most hitchhikers were dangerous
C. hitchhiking had been handed and they didn’t want to break the law
D. he was a strong man in strange clothes who seemed dangerous

原因或结果：
题目特点：
The author thinks “mini-examples” are useful because they .
The author tried to hitchhike but was rejected by single women drivers because .
解题技巧：
题干关键词
注意原文的信号词：result, reason; result in(结果)，result from(由于），base…on…(以……为基础)，be due to (由于)；because, for, why; as a result, consequently等。

⑥ More and more companies are beginning to create products and services for tweenagers. The Disney company sells music and film to tweenagers and their parents. You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and mobile phone covers, to monthly fan magazines and clothing. It’s all about sales, which suggests that tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they’ve ever had before.
Most kids in the UK today get more pocket money than kids did a decade ago. Parents have more money to give their kids than previously, since parents are having fewer children.
★ Why are more products and services created for tweenagers?
A. Because children education is becoming more important.
B. Because children have more money to buy them.
C. Because it is better to study music from an early age.
D. Because more companies are creating products and services.

⑦ Most kids in the UK today get more pocket money than kids did a decade ago. Parents have more money to give their kids than previously, since parents are having fewer children. In addition, the divorce rate in the UK is continually rising and parents spend less time with their children than they used to, so many parents try to compensate by buying presents for their children. It’s a bad habit for both parents and kids to get into, but parents are under constant pressure from commercial marketing and the pleas of their children.
★ Kids today can get more money partly because ________.
A. parents always accompany their kids
B. parents have more expectation of kids
C. more and more parents divorce nowadays
D. kids know how to make money

⑧ Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.
Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.
University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. …
★ What is true about the Framingham Study?
A. It was only conducted in 1948.
B. It involves more than 12,000 participants.
C. It was led by John Cacioppo.
D. It showed that any behavior could spread.

⑨ The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.
★ Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?
A. The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.
B. No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.
C. Women are more likely to be affected than men.
D. Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors.

是非题true or not true？
三误一正
What is true about… ?
Which statement about …is true?
三正一误
Which of the following is true except…?
Which of the following is mentioned except…
All of the following are true EXCEPT ___.
▲用关键词搜索(寻读) — 锁定范围—研读
●●特别留意题干中含有否定意义的词语，如not, except等，这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段，做题时只需阅读有关段落，剩下一个原文中未提到的，为正确答案，即是排除法。

⑩ There are things in life we cannot undo as easily and completely as we would with our computer files. A wrong turn, a hurtful word said to a loved one, a bad move — these we all commit as we walk our life’s journeys, no matter how careful we are in our steps. Once committed, we can no longer undo many of these mistakes, especially because unlike with our computer documents, each thing we do and say has vast impact as they involve not just us — the file that we are working on — but also others, the unopened files and computer programs in our system.
★ Which of the following is TRUE?
A. However careful we are, we still make mistakes in life.
B. Things we do and say can affect computer programs in our system.
C. We can undo life’s mistakes if we are careful enough.
D. An eraser is an effective tool for our computer works.

⑪ Chinese archeologists were therefore surprised in the 1990s to find the remains of an ancient defense structure in Liqian, a remote town in Yongchang county on the edge of a desert area, that was strikingly similar to Roman defense structures. They were even more astonished to find Western-looking people with green, deep-set eyes, long hooked noses and blond hair.
Though the villagers said they had never traveled outside the county, they worshipped(崇尚) bulls and their favorite game was similar to the ancient Romans’ bull-fighting dance.
★ The Chinese local villagers and Romans are similar in the following aspects EXCEPT that ________.
A. they have similar appearance
B. their defense structures are similar
C. they have the same character
D. they both worship bulls

⑫ The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.
★ If you make 10 more friends in a year, the days of your feeling loneliness will be reduced by ________.
A. 48 days B. 25 days C. 20 days D. 15 days

⑬ Tuition Fees (学费)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui @ Waikato.ac.nz.
Accommodation (住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@ Waikato.ac.nz
★ You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000

巧解数字计算题
要求考生根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算，得出正确结论。这类计算题一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。

⑭ Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs. Then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain temperature was 10 degrees, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back. He warmed the blood again. After their operations, the monkeys were like what they had been were before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
★ What is the right order of the steps in the operations?
a. send the blood back to the brain b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down d. operate on the brain
A. a, b, c, d B. c, a, b, d C. c, b, d, a D. b, c, d, a

巧解先后排序题
要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的先后顺序。常见的提问方式是：What is the right order of…?
解答这类试题时，可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。

事实细节题解题技巧小结：
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
做题技巧：
1、用题干或选项中的关键词（实体名词、专有名词、数词等）在文中搜索(寻读)找到题眼，迅速锁定范围（相关词句或信息点），这是解题的依据所在。
2、对锁定的内容研读，对照选项，与之最接近的选项即是答案。
干扰项：
1、无中生有（文中无信息）
2、偷梁换柱（换词，改变原意）
3、文不对题（与题干要求不符）
解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
阅读文章时注意：
1、五个W(Who, where, when, which)和一个H(how)以及其他特殊之处；
2、数字、日期、时间等；
3、同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等；
4、表示附加说明的词，如：by the way, besides, what’s more, in addition to, including to, as well as等。
5、倒装句及加强语气的词，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed等。
●●表示绝对意义first(第一)，least(最不)，most(最)等的字眼：
表示惟一性的词汇：only, unique等；阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇，便于做题时回原文定位。
⑮ Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired— maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.
★ What was the most probable cause for Lisa’s weakness?
A. She had run a long way.
B. She felt hot in the subway.
C. She had done a 1ot of work.
D. She had donated blood the night before.

⑯ Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. But sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.
★ You need to build a positive self-image when you____
A. dare to challenge yourself
B. feel it hard to change yourself
C. are unconfident about yourself
D. have a high opinion of yourself

Listening（听力小练）
1. When Bill fell down on his way home, Mark______.
A. didn't notice that
B. went away quickly
C. helped him pick up the things
D. carried all the things for him
2. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Mark was a warm-hearted boy.
B. Bill was good at all of his subjects.
C. Bill and Mark were in the same school.
D. Bill loved video games, baseball and history.
3. At Bill's home, thy didn't_____.
A. drink some coke
B. watch TV
C. have a pleasant talk
D. play video games
4. Three days before graduation, Bill asked Mark to talk because he______.
A. wanted to tell h