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初中阶段所要掌握的英语倒装句
一.倒装语序
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序;另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。
二.相关知识点
按照“主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语(或谓语一部分)+主语”,这就是倒装。倒装句分为:完全倒装和部分倒装(也被称为不完全倒装)。
完全倒装:整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。
部分倒装:只把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装(也被称为不完全倒装)。
三.完全倒装
1. 当以there , here , in , out , up , down , away , now , then , just 等副词开头的句子,为了起到强调的作用,可构成倒装句,只把副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置调换,不加助动词。( 这样的句子,主语必须是名词)
Our teacher came .
In came the teacher .
这种倒装要求:主语必须是名词,主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变,也就是用正常语序。
Here they are .
Away she went .
比较:
The tiger went away .
Away went the tiger .
Away it went .
这类倒装句式只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus .
Out rushed the children .
2. 表示地点状语的介词短语放在句首时,要用倒装语序。
In front of the house stand two trees .
Under the bed is a box .
3. there , here放在句首时,要用倒装句式。
在“there be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词, 也就是我们平时所说的存在句。如:lie , live , stand , come , flow , enter , rise 和appear等。
There lies a large wheat field behind the house .
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house .
There came shouts for help from the river .
四.部分倒装
1. so / neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词 + 主语
表示两人的情况一样,只能表示一件事,即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。
Lily can swim . So can I .
Miss Green has been to Suzhou . So have I .
Jim does not study hard . Neither / Nor does Mike .
注意:
⑴. so / neither / nor后的助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词在时态上和前面的句子动词时态一致,在人称上和后面句子的主语一致。
⑵. 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此,的确是这样”。
Lucy can fly a kite . So she can .
He is writing a letter . So he is .
2. not only…but also连接两个词或短语时,不用倒装;连接句子时,前面的句子要用倒装。
Not only is he busy , but also he has a lot of work to do .
Not only does Miss Snith speak English very well , but also she speaks Chinese well .
3. only修饰状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)放在句首时,要用倒装。
Only + 状语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened .
Only in this way can you make progress in your French .
Only then did Li Ming realize he was wrong .
Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need .
注意:
only修饰主语时,语序不变,动词不能放在主语的前面。
Only Han Linlin can do it .
4. however是连接副词,作“不管。。。。。。如何。。。。。。”“无论。。。。。。多么。。。。。。”解,它所引导的让步状语从句的结构是:however + 副词 / 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 主句。
However loudly he shout , he will not be heard .
However hard she tries , he won’t sbe able to win the top place .
However cold it is , the boy always goes swimming .
5. 在May开头的表示祝愿的局子里。
May you have a good trip !
May you be lucky .
注意:
⑴.不可说May you lucky .情态动词后必须加动词原形。
⑵. you是主语。
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